儿童癌症长期存活者生活质量的研究现状

综述了儿童癌症长期存活者的生活质量及主要的影响因素,由于各文献关注的人群种族、文化、年龄等不同及文献作者对生活质量的理解和侧重点不同,儿童癌症长期存活者生活质量存在差异;儿童癌症长期存活者躯体健康状况总体良好,心理状态不容乐观.恶性肿瘤的类别、治疗手段、诊断年龄和生存时间等是影响儿童癌症长期存活者生活质量的主要因素.提出国内医务人员有必要对儿童癌症存活者进行终身随访,对他们的生活质量进行研究.     

儿童癌症长期存活者生活质量的研究现状

综述了儿童癌症长期存活者的生活质量及主要的影响因素,由于各文献关注的人群种族、文化、年龄等不同及文献作者对生活质量的理解和侧重点不同,儿童癌症长期存活者生活质量存在差异;儿童癌症长期存活者躯体健康状况总体良好,心理状态不容乐观。恶性肿瘤的类别、治疗手段、诊断年龄和生存时间等是影响儿童癌症长期存活者生活质量的主要因素。提出国内医务人员有必要对儿童癌症存活者进行终身随访,对他们的生活质量进行研究。     

Quality of Life Among Five-Year Survivors After Treatment for Very Low Rectal Cancer With or Without a Permanent Abdominal Stoma

Background Low rectal cancers situated less than 5 cm from the anal margin are still usually treated with abdomino-perineal excision (APE). Our aim is to compare the quality of life (QOL) of five-year survivors treated for low or very low rectal cancer with an advanced/complex coloanal procedure with the QOL of patients submitted to a standard APE with a definitive abdominal stoma. Methods Sixty-two patients, operated on radically for low or very low rectal cancer, who came for their fifth year follow-up visit and were free from cancer, were studied. Thirty patients (group 1) had an APE with permanent abdominal stoma. Thirty-two patients (group 2) had undergone a radical advanced and complex procedure to avoid the abdominal stoma. The patients received the European Organisation for the Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QOL-30 generic and the CR38 colorectal cancer QOL questionnaires with the recommendation to return the questionnaire to the hospital. The Mann–Whitney U-test and χ ² Fisher test were employed for statistical analysis. Results All questionnaires were returned. Patients without a terminal abdominal stoma had a better score in six categories of the QOL 30 and in two categories of the CR38. No differences were observed in the other variables examined. Conclusions After five years, cancer-free patients operated on for low or very low rectal cancer have a better QOL if a definitive terminal abdominal stoma was avoided. The paper has been partially presented at the 9^th International Meeting of Coloproctology, Stresa, Italy, March 27–29, 2006     

Profile and Predictors of Long-term Morbidity in Breast Cancer Survivors

Background

A sound understanding of the benefits of different treatment options and their health-related quality of life (HRQoL) impacts is required for optimal breast cancer care.

Methods

A cross-sectional cohort study was conducted to determine the prevalence and severity of persistent functional decrements and symptoms and identify demographic, clinical and treatment variables associated with poorer outcomes. Four hundred English-speaking women treated for ductal carcinoma-in-situ or stage I to III breast cancer between 1999 and 2009, at least 12 months after surgery and currently disease free, were randomly selected and invited to complete (1) the Breast Cancer Treatment Outcome Scale and (2) the EORTC core Quality of Life Questionnaire, version 3.

Results

The response rate was 85.60 %. Many participants reported moderate to severe decrements in a number of HRQoL domains, including functional well-being (15 %), cosmetic status (32 %) and overall quality of life (21 %). There were significant associations (p < .05) between younger age and poorer HRQoL but none between time since surgery and morbidity (p > .05). Different treatments were associated with different HRQoL impacts. Poorer functional status was predicted by axillary dissection (p = .011), and adjuvant radiotherapy was a significant predictor of breast-specific pain (p < .05).

Conclusions

Many breast cancer survivors report long-term morbidity that is unaffected by time since surgery. The significant associations between the extent of locoregional therapies and poorer HRQoL outcomes emphasize the importance of the safe tailoring of these treatments.