内皮抑制素治疗脑胶质瘤MR灌注成像的实验性研究

目的　通过内皮抑制素治疗大鼠C6脑胶质瘤前后磁共振灌注成像 (PWI)的研究 ,探讨PWI在疗效早期评价中的价值。材料与方法　建立大鼠脑胶质瘤模型后第 15d ,以 3种剂量内皮抑制素皮下注射治疗 7d ,于治疗前和治疗后 2d进行PWI检查 ,观察肿瘤的相对局部脑血流容积 (rrCBV)变化 ,并与治疗结束时肿瘤生长抑制率 (Sv)进行回归分析。结果　 3种剂量治疗 2d后肿瘤rrCBV下降百分比分别为 (2 1.92± 3.36 ) %、(35 .5 6± 4 .14 ) %和(38.13± 3.90 ) % ,治疗结束时Sv 则为 (2 8.2 9± 3.4 1) %、(5 3.77± 7.0 8) %和 (5 9.4 6± 3.2 0 ) %。两者密切相关 (r =0 .85 ,P <0 .0 1)。结论　PWI可在抗血管生成治疗后早期预期疗效     

MR灌注成像在脑胶质瘤术前分级中的价值

目的 :运用磁共振灌注成像 (PWI)技术 ,探讨脑血流容量 (rCBV)及其rCBV比值在脑胶质瘤术前分级中的价值。方法 :3 2例经病理证实的脑胶质瘤 ,其中Ⅰ级 2例 ,Ⅱ级 9例 ,Ⅲ级 14例 ,Ⅳ级 7例 ,行PI扫描 ,计算肿瘤最大rCBV及其rCBV比值 ,将结果与病理分级进行对照。结果 :低分级胶质瘤rCBV值为 43 .82± 15 .5 1,rCBV比值为 2 .89± 0 .83 ;高分级胶质瘤rCBV值为 12 4.3 2± 3 0 .5 4,rCBV比值为 7.82± 1.2 1;两组的rCBV值以及rCBV比值差异均有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 0 1)。结论 :不同分级的胶质瘤之间的rCBV及rCBV比值差异存在显著性意义 ,PWI技术有助于脑胶质瘤的术前分级。     

复发性脑膜血管外皮细胞瘤的放射外科治疗

作者报道Mayo医院用γ刀治疗5例11个(2例复发,2例残存,7例新诊断)脑膜血管外皮细胞瘤。每个患者曾至少1次开颅(1～6个肿瘤作1～3次手术)切除病变,继用放射外科治疗(3例)或在颅内不同位置切除肿瘤(2例)。3例放射外科前用分割外照射50～53Gy。此次放射外科是置患者于立体定向架内(LeksellG型),局麻下作立体定向CT扫描以确定肿瘤边缘与剂量计划等中心坐标,1例后颅窝多病灶者为更清楚显示肿瘤与周围结构还用了立体MR显象。最后的剂量计划是经Micro Vax计算机完成,后来用一种新的、     

大鼠C6脑胶质瘤MR灌注成像初探

目的　建立大鼠C6脑胶质瘤模型 ,初步探讨磁共振灌注成像 (MRPWI)用于实验性脑胶质瘤研究的可行性。材料与方法　 15只荷瘤大鼠随机分成三组 ,每组 5只。用立体定向技术将C6细胞接种在大鼠的右侧尾状核建立模型。MRPWI对比剂剂量分别为 0 .2mmol/kg体重 (第一组 )、0 .4mmol/kg体重 (第二组 )和 0 .6mmol/kg体重(第三组 )。根据PWI时间 信号强度曲线计算rCBV、SRRmax、QrCBV和QSRRmax值。结果　三组大鼠肿瘤组织rCBV和SRRmax值皆大于正常脑组织 (P <0 .0 1)。三组大鼠QrCBV分别为 1.77± 0 .12 (第一组 )、2 .0 7± 0 .17(第二组 )和 1.36±0 .10 (第三组 ) ,第二组大于第一组 (P <0 .0 1) ,第三组小于第一组 (P <0 .0 1)。三组大鼠QSRRmax分别为 1.4 8± 0 .2 5(第一组 )、1.6 9± 0 .18(第二组 )和 1.18± 0 .0 6 (第三组 ) ,第三组小于第一组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,然而第二组与第一组之间无显著性差异。结论　MRPWI可用作研究大鼠C6脑胶质瘤 ,其中对比剂剂量以 0 .2～ 0 .4mmol/kg体重为宜     

脑动静脉畸形的X刀治疗

目的　探讨立体定向放射外科治疗脑动静脉畸形的临床效果。方法　对 87例脑动静脉畸形患者采用X刀治疗 ,畸形团大小大小 5～ 4 0mm。单独接受X刀治疗 5 5例 ,联合血管内栓塞治疗32例。治疗周边剂量 17～ 30Gy ,平均 2 2 .6Gy ,等剂量曲线 70 %～ 90 %。随访时间 6～ 96个月 ,平均 5 3.4个月。结果　单独应用X刀治疗的脑动静脉畸形患者 ,完全闭塞 4 1例 ,部分闭塞 9例 ,无变化 5例 ;联合血管内栓塞治疗患者 ,完全闭塞 2 6例 ,部分闭塞 3例 ,无变化 3例。全组完全闭塞 6 7例 (77.0 % )。癫痫完全缓解 7例 (2 6 .2 % ) ,头痛头昏症状缓解 18例 (38.3% )。并发症 :再出血 2例 ,症状性放射性脑水肿 6例 ,经治疗后 ,完全缓解 2例 ,遗留神经功能障碍 4例。结论　立体定向放射外科是脑动静脉畸形的安全而有效的治疗方法之一。     

PWI鉴别诊断单发脑转移瘤和高级别胶质瘤的价值分析

目的探讨磁共振灌注加权成像(PWI)在单发脑转移瘤和高级别胶质瘤鉴别诊断中的价值。方法选择在本院治疗的255例单发脑转移瘤和104例高级别胶质瘤为研究对象(共359例,经病理组织活检确诊),术前均常规进行核磁共振扫描以及PWI检查,详细测量肿瘤区、瘤旁区、肿瘤周围水肿区(瘤周区)以及健侧无肿瘤的正常脑组织CBV(脑血容量)值,得出肿瘤区、瘤旁区、瘤周区相对无肿瘤的正常脑组织的rCBV(相对脑血容量)值,记录患者PWI特征。结果 255例单发脑转移瘤,104例高级别胶质瘤PWI显示:1)在肿瘤区,单发脑转移瘤的rCBV值(4. 85±2. 17),比高级别胶质瘤rCBV值(6. 32±2. 59)低,两者比较无统计学意义(P 0. 05),但均高于健侧正常脑组织的rCBV(2. 15±0. 42),差异具有统计学意义(P 0. 05); 2)转移瘤瘤旁区的rCBV值(1. 31±0. 25)低于高级别胶质瘤瘤旁区rCBV值是(3. 01±0. 56),差异具有统计学意义(P 0. 05); 3)在肿瘤周围水肿区内,单发脑转移瘤的rCBV值(1. 11±0. 31),比高级别胶质瘤的rCBV值低(1. 58±0. 29);差异均有统计学意义(P 0. 05); 4)单发转移瘤的PWI在对比剂首过后,信号恢复较高级别胶质瘤明显慢。结论对单发脑转移瘤与高级别胶质瘤采用PWI的检查手段,计算瘤周区的rCBV值,显示其血流灌注特性,有助于两者的鉴别诊断。     

融合基因治疗大鼠C6胶质瘤的MR扩散加权成像研究

目的 观察常规MR结合扩散加权成像(DWI)在胶质瘤治疗早期疗效的作用.方法 雄性Wistar大鼠50只通过脑立体定向仪于右侧尾状核接种X6胶质瘤细胞10μl(5×105个细胞).于接种后第1周MR检查确认有肿瘤生长后再将其分为对照组和治疗组,其中治疗组大鼠采用上述接种方法于颅内相同位置注入107空斑形成单位的携带血管抑素与内皮抑素融合基因的重组单纯疱疹病毒.分别于接种后第1、2、3周行MR常规及DWI检查,并于每次检查结束后各组分别有2只(第1周)、8只(第2周)及剩余全部大鼠(第3周)安乐死后进行病理检查.对照组与治疗组间不同时间肿瘤体积、表观扩散系数(ADC)值、相同时间不同区域间ADC值的差异比较进行t检验及秩和检验.结果 共43只大鼠见肿瘤生长,成瘤率为86%.对照组与治疗组大鼠C6胶质瘤的体积在第2周时分别为90.60及91.64 mm3,2组间肿瘤体积差异无统计学意义(Z=-0.14,P＞0.05);第3周时2组大鼠肿瘤体积分别为156.64和29.64mm3,两者差异有统计学意义(Z=-3.45,P＜0.01).第2周时治疗组与对照组肿瘤中心的AI)C值分别为(1.20±0.25)×10-3、(0.99±0.08)×10-3 mm2/s,肿瘤边缘的ADC值分别为(1.00±0.25)×10=-3、(0.83±0.12)×10-3 mm2/s,治疗组不同区域的ADC值均高于对照组(t值分别为-4.11,-2.62,P值均＜0.05).第3周时治疗组与对照组肿瘤中心的ADC值分别为(0.92±0.21)×10-3、(0.99±0.09)×10-3 mm2/s,肿瘤边缘的ADC值分别为(0.8l±0.19)×10-3、(0.78±0.11)×10-3 mm2/s,不同区域2组间比较差异无统计学意义(t值分别为0.82,-0.46,P值均＞0.05).结论 DWI能有效地反映大鼠C6脑胶质瘤的组织微观情况;可以早于肿瘤体积发生变化前发现治疗对肿瘤局部细胞状态的影响,从而在肿瘤的疗效观察和预测方面将有更大的发展空间和应用价值.     

动态增强MR灌注成像在脑胶质瘤诊断中的价值

目的　探讨动态增强T2 WMR灌注成像在脑胶质瘤术前分级预测及鉴别诊断中的价值。资料与方法　有病理或追踪结果的 4 8例脑病变患者 ,其中胶质瘤 2 5例 (高、低级别胶质瘤分别为 16例和 9例 ) ,非胶质瘤病变 2 3例。全部病例均行常规T1WI、T2 WI和EPI SE序列动态增强MR灌注成像。计算每个病灶的最大相对脑血容量 (rCBV)比值 (病灶最大rCBV/对侧正常脑白质rCBV)。分析胶质瘤的最大rCBV比值与其组织学级别的关系 ,并比较胶质瘤与非胶质瘤的灌注异常及常规MRI强化表现。结果　高级别胶质瘤 ( 16例 )的最大rCBV比值为4 .6 0± 1.98( 2 .5 5～ 9.2 2 ) ,低级别胶质瘤 ( 9例 )的最大rCBV比值为 1.86± 1.5 2 ( 0 .85～ 5 .72 ) ,经t检验 ,两组之间有显著统计学差异 (P <0 .0 1)。脑膜瘤、转移瘤、血管母细胞瘤、淋巴瘤均显示有局部高灌注 ,最大rCBV比值为5 .35± 2 .39( 3.15～ 12 .39) ,而有强化表现的脑梗死、脑炎性灶及放射性脑损伤表现为低、等灌注 ,最大rCBV比值为1.2 7± 0 .36 ( 0 .85～ 1.72 )。结论　MR灌注成像在胶质瘤的术前影像学分级预测上有重要价值 ,在脑胶质瘤的某些鉴别诊断上亦具有一定的参考价值     

X射线立体定向放射治疗后脑肿瘤的病理学观察

X射线立体定向放射用于治疗脑肿瘤已多年 ,对治疗后肿瘤的病理变化报道甚少 ,且多为动物实验[1～2 ]。我们收集经X射线立体定向放射治疗后又行手术切除的脑肿瘤标本 ,观察这些肿瘤的病理学改变。一、材料和方法1 材料 :洛阳医学高等专科学校附属医院经立体定向放射治疗后又手术切除的脑肿瘤标本 2 4例。经常规石蜡制片 ,HE染色。美国产Varian 60 0c直线加速器和德国Fisher公司ZD立体定向手术系统 ,准直器直径 10～ 2 3mm ,以等中心剂量的 80 %等剂量曲线覆盖肿瘤边缘 ,并以此剂量为靶区处方剂量 ,总剂量 16～ 3 6Gy ,分次剂量 :8～ 12Gy…     

立体定向适形放疗术前CT扫描技术

立体定向放射外科 (ｓｔｅｒｅｏｔａｃｔｉｃｒａｄｉｏｓｕｒｇｅｒｙ)是近十几年发展起来的新技术 ,除治疗颅内肿瘤 ,脑血管畸形和功能性疾病外 ,对控制肝癌、胰腺癌、肺癌和骨癌等也有较好的疗效。目前立体定向放射外科在临床应用较多的有г -刀和等中心直线加速器放射外科 (Ｘ -刀 )。我院在原加速器基础上 ,于 2 0 0 0年从北京大恒医疗设备有限公司引进全身肿瘤立体定向适形放疗系统ＳＴＡＲ -2 0 0 0Ｘ -刀和ＣＴｓｉｍ ,至今已治疗病人 2 7例 ,现将术前ＣＴ扫描技术介绍如下。1　材料与方法Ｘ -刀适形放疗病人 2 7例 ,其中头部及五…     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.