肾输尿管镜联合体外冲击波碎石治疗肾鹿角状结石

目的：观察肾输尿管镜碎石术（URL）与体外冲击波碎 石（ESWL）联合治疗肾鹿角状结石的临床疗效。方法 ：对32例肾鹿角状结石先行URL加留置双J管,然后行E SWL治疗。结果：URL与 ES WL联合治疗后随访1－6个月,32例患者中26例患者排净结石。结论 ：URL与ESWL联合治疗肾鹿角状结石,既能加快排石过程,又能保护肾功能,是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。     

复式脉冲低能量ESWL治疗肾结石769例报告

目的探讨复式脉冲HB-V型低能量体外冲击波碎石机治疗肾结石的治疗效果.方法采用复式脉冲HB-ESWL-VG型低能量碎石机治疗直径<2.0 cm的各类肾结石769例，治疗工作电压3～9 kV，平均冲击次数2 300次.结果肾盏结石总粉碎率为97.4%，其中上中盏结石复打率为13.1%，术后3个月排净率为89.4%，下盏结石复打率为17.3%，排净率为81.5%；肾盂结石粉碎率为98.3%，复打率为6.1%，术后3个月排净率为93.0%.结论复式脉冲低能量ESWL治疗肾结石具有治疗成功率高、复打率低、无严重并发症、副作用少之优点.     

小儿肾结石的ESWL和PCNL治疗

目的　总结小儿肾结石ESWL和经皮微造瘘输尿管镜取石术 (mini PCNL)治疗经验。　方法　回顾性分析 10 5例小儿肾结石诊治资料 ,男 72例、女 3 3例 ,平均年龄 8.7岁。其中伴尿路畸形 2 1例 (2 0 .0 % )。ESWL治疗 68例 ;mini PCNL治疗 3 3例 ,4例联合ESWL ;改行开放手术 4例。　结果　 68例ESWL治疗 92次 ,结石完全排空 57例 (83 .8% ) ,1次ESWL治疗成功 47例 (69.1% ) ,2次治疗 18例 (2 6.5% ) ,3次治疗 2例 (4.4% ) ;2例石街经输尿管镜治疗成功。 3 3例mini PCNL治疗者 ,一期PCNL成功 2 4例 (72 .7% ) ,二期PCNL治疗 9例 (2 7.3 % ) ;3例伴肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻者同时行顺行肾盂输尿管内切开术 ,一期结石清除率 2 4例 (72 .7% ) ,二期结石清除率 2 9例(87.9% ) ,联合ESWL 4例 ,总结石清除率为 97.0 %。 4例开放手术中 2例同时行肾盂输尿管成形术 ,1例多发结石术后有残余结石。　结论　ESWL是治疗小儿肾结石安全、有效的首选方法 ;选择PCNL治疗应根据结石和设备技术情况 ,联合ESWL成功率更高     

复式脉冲低能量体外冲击碎石术治疗上尿路结石(附717例报告)

目的　探讨复式脉冲HB V型低能量体外冲击碎石术 (ESWL)治疗各种上尿路结石的效果。　方法　采用复式脉冲HB ESWL VG型低能量碎石机治疗符合ESWL适应证的上尿路结石 717例 ,工作电压 3～ 9kV。其中直径≤ 2 .0cm肾结石 4 6 7例 ,平均冲击次数 2 30 0次 ;直径≤ 1.0cm输尿管结石 2 5 0例 ,平均冲击次数 2 80 0次。　结果　上中盏结石排净率 89.5 % (170 / 190 ) ,复打率 13.2 %(2 5 / 190 ) ;下盏结石排净率 81.6 % (16 9/ 2 0 7) ,复打率 17.4 % (36 / 2 0 7) ;肾盂结石排净率 92 .9% (6 5 / 70 ) ,复打率 5 .7% (4 / 70 ) ;输尿管结石总排净率 95 .2 % (2 38/ 2 5 0 ) ,总复打率 6 .4 % (16 / 2 5 0 )。碎石过程中出现轻度疼痛者 10 7例 (14 .9% ) ,治疗后出现肉眼血尿者 6 87例 (95 .8% ) ,1～ 3d后血尿消失。无肾周血肿等严重并发症。　结论　复式脉冲低能量ESWL治疗上尿路结石成功率高 ,复打率低 ,副作用少 ,无严重并发症。     

复式脉冲碎石机治疗儿童上尿路结石

目的探讨低能量复式脉冲碎石机对儿童上尿路结石治疗的可行性。方法采用国产BH-VG低能量复式脉冲碎石机治疗儿童上尿路结石21例，男童11例，女童10例；学龄前儿童（2-7岁）13例；学龄期儿童（8-16岁）8例。肾结石每次治疗不超过2500次，治疗电压3-7．5kV；输尿管结石每次治疗不超过3500次，治疗电压4-8kV。结果肾结石粉碎率100％，两周内结石排空率100％；输尿管结石粉碎率100％，两周内结石排空率100％。结论低能量复式脉冲碎石机治疗儿童上尿路结石是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。     

The effect of ESWL of renal calculi on pancreatic function

Fifteen patients were treated by ESWL for renal calculi. The sagittal size of the head, neck and tail of the pancreas, and serum amylase, insulin, c-peptide and 24-hour urine amylase levels were estimated pre and post-treatment. Serum glucose, serum amylase and urinary levels remained within normal limits. Serum levels of insulin, c-peptide and the size of the gland increased but this was not statistically significant. There may be some danger to the pancreas during ESWL as there are some morphological changes even though there are no evident peptide changes. Caution should be taken if patients have a history of pancreatitis.     

ESWL monotherapy for large-volume renal calculi: efficacy and morbidity

We assessed the efficacy and morbidity of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) monotherapy in the treatment of 25 consecutive patients with large-volume renal calculi (surface area greater than or equal to 5.0 cm2). Eighteen of the calculi were infection (struvite) stones and 7 were sterile stones. In 21 cases internal ureteral stents were positioned before ESWL, but no patient underwent pretreatment percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) or percutaneous nephrostolithotomy (PNL). An average of 2.1 procedures including ESWL, PCN, or ureteral interventions were required to achieve a stone-free renal collecting system and ureter, or residual stone particles less than 4 mm in diameter confined to the renal collecting system. Sixty percent of the patients required no ancillary procedures after ESWL. There were no differences in the mean duration of hospitalization, need for post-treatment ancillary procedures, time to clearance of ureteral fragments, and incidence of residual stone particles among patients with infection and sterile stones. Of 23 patients observed greater than three months (mean 10.9 mos) after ESWL, 43 percent had residual stone particles in the renal collecting system. Expansion of these particles or stone recurrence in the absence of residual particles has not been observed. We conclude that large volume renal calculi may be managed effectively and safely with ESWL monotherapy.     

Treatment of renal pelvic calculi using the rigid ureterorenoscope

Ten patients with renal pelvic stones were treated by rigid ureterorenoscopy. Ultrasound lithotriptor and biopsy forceps were used for disintegrating the stones. The stones of 5 patients were disintegrated into small fragments that passed spontaneously within 2 months after the procedure. The stones of 2 failed to disintegrate for migration of the stones into the calices. Retention of the large fragments in the calices occurred in 3 patients. Residual fragments of urate were dissolved completely by urine alkalinization 5 months later in 1 patient. In another patient the fragment had fallen into the ureter and it was extracted by ureterorenoscopy 8 months later. After all, the success rate was 70% in this series. The disintegration of stones in the small intrarenal pelvis has proved to be difficult when they are approached by retrograde ureterorenoscopy. There were 2 complications of ureterorenoscopy: extravasation of urine from the renal sinus, and from the upper ureter. These minor injuries were treated by stenting without sequelae.     

体外冲击波碎石联合输尿管镜治疗孤立肾上尿路结石48例疗效分析

目的研究体外冲击波碎石(extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy,ESWL)联合输尿管镜治疗孤立肾上尿路结石的疗效。方法应用ESWL联合输尿管镜治疗孤立肾上尿路结石48例。结果45例成功处理结石,成功率达93.8%,另外3例改开放手术。术后随访1~12个月,4例有结石残留,结石排净率达91.1%,均未出现输尿管梗阻、狭窄、闭锁。结论ESWL联合输尿管镜治疗孤立肾上尿路结石有较好的优势互补性,创伤小,安全,残石率低,恢复快。     

经皮肾镜取石术处理肾结石

目的探讨经皮肾镜取石术(PCNL)处理肾结石的方法与效果。方法回顾性分析118例采用PCNL治疗的肾结石患者资料。男86例,女32例。平均年龄39岁。其中单纯肾盂结石11例,单纯肾盏结石16例,肾盂和肾盏多发结石35例,肾铸形或鹿角形结石54例。双侧肾结石2例。结石大小2.0 cm×1.0 cm～4.5 cm×4.0 cm,平均2.5 cm×1.5 cm。结果112例患者一期取石,6例二期取石。单通道取石114例,双通道取石4例。1次取石60例,2次取石42例,3次取石16例。结石清除率81.4%(96/118),平均手术时间120 min,平均住院15 d。术中均未输血。1例术后4 d并发出血,出血量约500 ml,经输血、抗炎等保守治疗治愈,其余未见严重并发症。结论MPCNL具有创伤小、出血少及并发症少等优点,治疗肾结石安全有效,尤其对肾结石再次手术治疗有较大优越性。     

HB-Ⅴ型低能量碎石机治疗上尿路结石临床报告

采用ＨＢⅤ型低能量碎石机治疗上尿路结石２３４例，肾结石粉碎率１０００％，两个月内结石排空率８１０％。输尿管结石粉碎率９９３％，两周内结石排空率９９３％，治疗工作电压３～９ｋＶ，效果满意，无严重并发症。具有治疗成功率高，复打率低，副作用少之优点     

ESWL treatment of urinary calculi

A total of 711 patients with symptomatic upper and lower urinary tract calculi underwent extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) at the Ohio Kidney Stone Center during the first six months. At follow-up 84 percent of the first 180 patients are stone-free. Retreatment was required for 2.8 percent of the patients with residual stone material. Thirty-seven percent of the treatments required cystoscopy with ureteral stent placement for manipulation of stones or delineation of distal ureteral anatomy to facilitate ESWL. Complications were minimal at less than 3 percent.     

The bacteriology of the urine and renal calculi

Summary The bacteriological status of the pre-operative urine, removed calculus and the pelvic urine was studied in 63 consecutive patients undergoing removal of intrarenal calculi. The overall infection rates in the pre-operative urine, removed calculi and pelvic urine were 29%, 38% and 30% respectively. In patients with staghorn calculi, 58% of patients had an infected pre-operative M.S.S.U., and 82.5% of removed calculi demonstrated significant bacterial growth, with Proteus mirabilis being the predominant organism isolated. In patients with single or multiple oxalate calculi, 17% had an infected pre-operative M.S.S.U., and 22% of removed calculi demonstrated a significant bacterial growth. The findings would indicate that the presence of a positive M.S.S.U. in a patient with a renal calculus is an indication for surgical removal.     

Treatment of distal ureteral calculi with ESWL: experience with more than 100 consecutive cases

Summary Until recently, the indications for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) have been limited to renal calculi and ureteral calculi above the pelvic brim. However, the distal ureter can be made available for shock wave treatment as well, by modifying the position of the patient on the support of the Dornier lithotripter HM-3. Using this sitting position technique, 133 patients with stones or stone fragments in the lower ureter were treated from January through November 1986. Treatment was successful in 125 patients (94%), 14 of whom required 2 sessions. In 8 patients, treatment failed and stone removal was accomplished using ureteroscopy or open surgery. No complications or adverse side effects were encountered in the entire series. We consider ESWL the treatment of choice in the management of distal ureteral calculi and Steinstrassen.     

ESWL治疗上尿路结石480例临床分析

目的探讨上尿路结石体外冲击波(ESWL)的治疗效果。方法回顾性分析480例肾及输尿管结石患者行ESWL治疗的效果。结果 ESWL治疗1～3次结石粉碎并排净者473例,治愈率(98.5%)。7例(1.5%)ESWL治疗无效改行输尿管镜或外科手术治疗。结论体外冲击波碎石对于治疗肾及输尿管结石效果满意。