腰骶椎前路螺旋融合笼对脊柱腰骶部结构的影响

目的 定量测试前路螺旋融合笼（ＡＦＣ）对腰骶椎椎间隙高度、椎间孔高度、椎管容积的影响。方法 对人尸检骶椎节段标本（８具）、新鲜牛腰骶椎节段标准（８具）及临床病例（５例）上用特定方法定量测量ＡＦＣ放置前后的椎间隙前后缘高度、椎间孔高度、椎管容积的变化，对测得数据进行统计学处理。结果 上述三种实验对象在ＡＦＣ放置后，三组测量值均有不同程度增加（Ｐ〈０．０５）。后侧椎间隙高度与椎管容量的变化、椎间孔高度     

人工椎间盘置换术后下腰椎椎管及神经根管改变的初步临床研究

目的探讨人工椎间盘(artificialdiscreplacement,ADR)植入后,下腰椎神经根管、椎管的径线及容积改变,以其为合理的ADR植入提供临床依据。方法7例腰椎间盘突出症分别行ADR置换,观察术后JOA与ODI评分、椎间隙活动度、椎间孔径线改变以及椎间孔、椎管的容积变化。结果ADR术后JOA与ODI评分明显改善,椎间隙与椎管径线与容积显著增加,腰椎节段的稳定性与功能恢复。结论人工椎间盘植入后不仅能改善患者的临床症状,而且能有效地恢复椎管及神经根管径线与容积。目的探讨人工椎间盘(artificialdiscreplacement,ADR)植入后,下腰椎神经根管、椎管的径线及容积改变,以其为合理的ADR植入提供临床依据。方法7例腰椎间盘突出症分别行ADR置换,观察术后JOA与ODI评分、椎间隙活动度、椎间孔径线改变以及椎间孔、椎管的容积变化。结果ADR术后JOA与ODI评分明显改善,椎间隙与椎管径线与容积显著增加,腰椎节段的稳定性与功能恢复。结论人工椎间盘植入后不仅能改善患者的临床症状,而且能有效地恢复椎管及神经根管径线与容积。     

极外侧入路椎体间融合术治疗腰椎管狭窄症的初期疗效

目的 :观察极外侧入路椎体间融合术(extreme lateral interbody fusion,XLIF)治疗退行性腰椎管狭窄症的初期疗效。方法:2012年7月~2017年3月在广州军区广州总医院采用XLIF治疗41例退行性腰椎管狭窄症患者,男15例,女26例,年龄64.4±9.8(39~83)岁,手术节段共51节。临床疗效评价包括术前及末次随访时的腰腿痛VAS评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)及腰椎JOA评分。影像学评价包括在腰椎侧位X线片上测量手术节段的术前、术后1周及末次随访时的椎间孔高度、椎间隙高度(椎体后缘测量)和椎间孔面积,在术前和术后1周的MRI(T2加权)图像上测量手术节段的轴位椎管矢状径和椎管最狭窄处面积。根据内固定方式分为两组:侧方钢板组,21例,26个节段;后路螺钉组,20例,25个节段。比较总体的术前、术后1周、末次随访的差异以及两组的手术前后变化的差异。结果:每节段手术时间为92.12±45.95min(50~260min),每节段术中出血量56.34±58.81ml(10~225ml)。11例患者术后出现短暂性大腿前外侧麻木,均于术后1~6周症状减轻或消失;均无脑脊液漏,无大血管、腹腔脏器、生殖股神经等损伤。随访22.39±13.18个月(6~63个月),13例(31.7%)患者出现融合器下沉,其中11例为Ⅰ级,2例为Ⅱ级,均无临床症状。末次随访时41例患者的腰腿痛VAS评分、ODI及腰椎JOA评分均较术前显著改善(P0.05)。术后1周手术节段的椎间隙高度、椎间孔高度、椎间孔面积、轴位椎管矢状径、椎管最狭窄处面积及末次随访时手术节段的椎间隙高度、椎间孔高度和椎间孔面积均较术前明显改善,有统计学差异(P0.05)。对比两种内固定方式,术后1周手术节段的椎间孔高度、椎间隙高度、椎间孔面积、轴位椎管矢状径和椎管最狭窄处面积的变化值均无统计学差异(P0.05);末次随访时侧方钢板组手术节段的椎间隙高度与椎间孔面积丢失比后路螺钉组多,两组之间有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:XLIF治疗退行性腰椎管狭窄症具有良好的初期临床疗效。     

退行性腰椎滑脱固定融合术相邻节段椎间孔变化

[目的]探讨退行性腰椎滑脱固定融合术相邻节段椎间孔变化。[方法]回顾性分析2015年7月～2018年7月在本院行单节段腰椎后路椎间融合术治疗L4/5单节段轻度退行性腰椎滑脱84例的影像资料。评价腰椎复位与融合情况,并对手术节段的上位相邻节段双侧椎间孔的椎间孔高度、宽度和面积进行测量和比较。[结果] PLIF术后完全复位48例,复位程度100%;部分复位36例,复位程度平均为(47.12±12.84)%。随访时间6～36月,平均(12.07±8.70)月。末次随访时,腰椎CT显示椎体间融合率100.00%,未发现椎间融合器沉降、移位,无严重术后并发症需二次手术者。术前、术后1周和末次随访时上位相邻节段的椎间孔高度、宽度和面积,左右两侧间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后1周,上位相邻节段双侧椎间孔高度、宽度和面积均较术前显著增加,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);末次随访时,上位相邻节段双侧椎间孔高度、宽度和面积均较术后1周时减少,但差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。L4/5节段的节段前凸角由术前的(14.01±7.20)°增加至术后的(17.77±8.32)°,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。[结论]腰后路椎间融合器置入,恢复椎间隙高度可以恢复节段前凸角,增大手术节段上位相邻节段的椎间孔孔径及面积。     

腰骶椎前路融合笼的设计及临床应用

目的　研制出腰骶椎前路融合笼 (AnteriorFusingCage-AFC)并选定相应的放置方式用于下腰痛患者的治疗。 方法　1、通过在人尸椎骨及牛椎骨标本上的生物力学试验 ,人尸椎骨的解剖学测量 ,结合手术要求 ,设计了AFC及相应辅助器械 ,并筛选出相应的放置方式。 2、将该技术用于 14例下腰痛患者的治疗。结果　 1、AFC直径≈ 1/ 2 (a +p) +12～ 16 (mm) ,AFC长度≈S - 6 -S×滑脱百分比。 2、放置方式为在L5S1间隙取正中 1枚AFC放置法及L4.5间隙取左前外斜向 1枚AFC放置法。 3、随访 2 4～ 4 5个月 ,初步结果满意。结论　AFC有助于施术节段的融合与稳定 ,增加椎间隙高度 ,不需术后长时间石膏外固定 ,该技术较国外同类方法简便安全     

颈椎椎间隙不同程度变窄与椎间孔变化的相关性研究

目的研究颈椎椎间隙不同程度变窄与椎间孔大小变化的关系。方法计算机辅助模拟测量15具国人颈椎解剖标本的C_(4、5),C_(5、6),C_(6、7)椎间孔的面积及在椎间隙狭窄1、2、3 mm时椎间孔面积的变化。结果在椎间隙变窄1、2、3 mm时,椎间孔的面积分别减少20%～30%、30%～40%、35%～45%。结论不同程度的椎间隙变窄导致的椎间孔面积的减少在统计学上有显著性差异,椎间孔的大小直接与椎间隙的高度有关,椎间盘退变狭窄所致的椎间孔内神经根的压迫不应被忽视。     

椎间融合器植入与单纯椎间植骨融合术的比较

目的探讨椎间融合器植入术与单纯椎间植骨术治疗腰椎退行性疾患对椎间隙高度丢失的影响。方法24例共35个腰椎节段接受椎间融合手术,其中18个间隙实施椎间盘摘除,单纯椎间植骨;17个间隙实施椎间盘摘除后椎间融合器植入术。共置入融合器26枚(双枚植入9例,单枚植入8例)。摄X线片测量施术节段椎间隙高度变化,进行比较研究。结果随访18~24个月,单纯植骨组椎间隙高度丢失主要出现在术后3~6个月,丢失率为24.80%;而椎间融合器组的椎间隙高度早期丢失较少,丢失率为18.65%。结论单纯椎间植骨和椎间融合器植入术各有特点,前者手术费用低,但患者下地负重时间较迟,在术后近期应加强保护,以减少椎间隙高度的丢失;后者术后即刻稳定性好,可以早期下地负重,但对于骨质疏松患者应该慎重选择,必要时在积极治疗骨质疏松的基础上选择大接触面的低应力融合器,以降低应力集中引起的迟发性融合器下沉。     

对AF系统整复压缩爆裂骨折椎体高度及椎管横截面的观测

目的 :量化评价AF系统恢复胸腰段压缩爆裂椎体高度椎管截面积的效果。方法 :测量AF系统治疗的 72例胸腰段压缩爆裂骨折术前后影像。统计椎体前后缘高度、Cobb角、椎管截面积资料。结果 :术后伤椎前缘高度恢复至 ( 96.5± 2 .3 ) %后缘高度恢复至 ( 98.2± 0 .9) % ,Cobb角恢复至 ( 5 .4± 1.5 )° ,椎管截面积恢复至 ( 97.2± 2 .1% ) ,各项指标与术前比较有非常显著性差异 (P <0 .0 0 1)。术后随访 0 .5～ 3 .5年 ,神经功能按Frankel评定 :60例提高 1～ 3级。结论 :AF系统能恢复或基本恢复胸腰段压缩爆裂骨折椎体的前后缘高度、Cobb角、椎管容积 ,为脊髓神经功能的恢复提供一个良好的环境。是治疗脊柱胸腰段压缩爆裂骨折较好的内固定器。     

不同生理曲度下颈椎管容积的变化及临床意义

颈椎生理曲度的存在增加了颈椎的弹性，减轻和缓冲外力的震荡，保护脊髓和大脑以避免损伤。随着颈椎间盘髓核脱水、退变及其继发的一系列病理改变，可导致椎间隙的狭窄、椎间高度的降低和颈椎生理曲度减小、变直甚至反弓弯曲以及椎管和椎间孔的狭窄。不同的颈椎曲度下，颈椎椎管的有效容积、椎间孔的容积会发生变化。笔者对不同生理曲度下颈椎管容积的变化及临床意义作一综述。     

严重关节突退变对猫眼侧方入路腰椎椎体间融合术间接减压效果的影响

目的探讨不同程度关节突退变对猫眼侧方入路腰椎椎体间融合术(crenel lateral interbody fusion, CLIF)的间接减压效果的影响, 以及CLIF治疗伴严重关节突退变(3级)腰椎管狭窄症患者的临床疗效。方法回顾性收集2016年11月至2020年2月应用CLIF技术治疗腰椎管狭窄症患者156例共269个手术节段。根据术前CT影像, 按照Pathria分级对关节突进行分级, 0级19个节段、1级156个节段、2级67个节段、3级27个节段, 至少1个节段关节突为3级的患者共23例。影像学评估指标包括椎间隙角度、椎间隙前后缘高度、双侧椎间孔纵径(CT)、椎管前后径和椎管面积(MRI)。临床疗效评价采用视觉模拟疼痛评分(visual analogue scale, VAS)和Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index, ODI)。结果 3级关节突退变节段术后的平均椎间隙前后缘高度、椎间隙角度, 双侧椎间孔纵径、椎管前后径和椎管面积均得到明显改善。3级关节突退变节段的术前平均椎管前后径和椎管面积明显小于1级和2级。术后3级关节突退变节...     

腰骶内固定的适应证与主要技术

腰骶融合手术为脊柱外科中常用术式,而腰骶内固定有助于腰骶融合。其手术适应证包括腰椎滑脱椎间盘突出与椎管狭窄、畸形以及其他原因缃起的腰骶不稳。腰骶内固定的主要技术有Ｇａｌｖｅｓｔｏｎ技术、髂骨螺钉、骶骨椎弓根螺钉、骶骨构、骶骨棒、骶骨杆、关节突螺钉、腰骶椎体间融合、人工椎间盘等。     

Segmental spinal canal volume in patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis

Background contextLumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS), typically characterized by the forward slippage of the superior vertebra of a lumbar motion segment, is a common spinal pathological condition in elderly individuals. Significant deformation and volume changes of the spinal canal can occur because of the vertebral slippage, but few data have been reported on these anatomic variations in DS patients. Whether to restore normal anatomy, such as reduction of the slippage and restoration of disc height, is still not clear in surgery.PurposeThis study was designed to determine the volume change of the spinal canal and detect specific anatomic factors affecting the spinal canal volume in DS patients.Study design/settingA case-control study.MethodsNine asymptomatic volunteers (mean age 54.4) and 9 patients with L4/L5 DS (mean age 73.4) were recruited. All patients had intermittent claudication and different extent low back pain, and two patients also had leg pain. L4/L5 vertebral motion segment unit of each subject was reconstructed using three-dimensional computed tomography or magnetic resonance images in a solid modeling software. In vivo lumbar vertebral motion during functional postures (supine, standing upright, flexion, and extension) was determined using a dual fluoroscopic imaging technique. The volume of the spinal canal was measured at each functional posture. Various anatomic parameters (disc height, cross-sectional area of the canal, left-right diameter of the canal, anterior-posterior diameter of the canal, slippage, posture, intervertebral disc angle [DA], etc.) that may potentially affect the canal volume were also measured, and their correlations with the volume change of spinal canal were analyzed. This study was funded by a 2-year, $275,000 grant from the National Institutes of Health.ResultsOn average, spinal canal volume was larger at supine and flexion postures than at stand and extension postures in both the DS and the asymptomatic groups. Spinal canal volume of the DS patients were significantly lower than that of the asymptomatic subjects under all the four postures (p<.05). Correlation analysis showed that spinal canal volume was strongly affected by the posterior disc height (Pearson correlation coefficient γ_b=0.822) and the slippage percentage (γ_b=?0.593) and moderately affected by the anterior disc height (γ_b=0.300) and the DA (γ_b=?0.237).ConclusionsThe volume of spinal canal is affected by multiple factors. Increased spinal canal volume at supine and flexion positions may explain the clinical observations of relief of symptoms at these postures in DS patients. The data also suggest that reduction of slipped vertebral body, decrease of DA, intervertebral distraction, and decompression could all be effective to increase the canal volume of DS patients thus to relieve clinical symptoms.     

角度Dick系统治疗爆裂型脊椎骨折

目的：总结角度Dick系统在治疗爆裂型脊椎骨折中对恢复椎体高度和椎管容积的作用。方法：采用角度Dick系统治疗胸腰椎爆型型骨折27例,通过术前、术后X线平片和CT扫描片观察、测量、对比椎体前后高度和椎管容积的恢复情况,结果：恢复椎体高度和椎间隙宽度达90％以上,椎管前后径增大最小0．4cm,最大1．0cm,随访10－16个月,神经症状改善有效率100％,不全瘫者全部恢复,完全瘫者部分恢复。结论：角度Dick钉在后路手术中可解决脊椎曲度和脊髓前方受压问题,损伤小、康复效果好。     

腰椎后路手术对硬膜囊容量和脊柱稳定性的影响

目的 :进一步了解腰椎后路手术对脊柱功能的影响 ,为临床合理选择术式提供依据。方法 :采用平行光三维测量系统 ,对 12具人新鲜尸体腰椎实施全椎板切除、半椎板切除及交叉半椎板切除 ,对其屈伸状态下硬膜囊容量和脊柱稳定性的定量变化结果进行双因素方差分析。结果 :腰椎屈曲活动时硬膜囊容量增大 ,仰伸位变小 ;全椎板切除与交叉半椎板切除 ,硬膜囊容量改变相近 ,但均较半椎板切除明显增大 (P <0 0 1) ;任何一种腰椎后路手术 ,均能破坏腰椎稳定性 ,其中半椎板切除与交叉半椎板切除破坏性较小 ,而与全椎板切除相比较 ,后者破坏性大于前二者 (P <0 0 1)。结论 :下腰椎疾病后路手术应尽量保留棘突及其韧带 ,交叉半椎板切除可使椎管得到充分减压 ,同时又较好地保留脊柱的稳定性     

Lumbosacral metastatic extradural Merkel cell carcinoma causing nerve root compression--case report

A 63-year-old man presented with a rare metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) involving the lumbosacral spine and causing nerve root compression. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed an extradural soft tissue mass at the L5-S1 levels. The tumor was subtotally removed and chemotherapy was administered, but he died of multiple metastases from the primary epigastric tumor. Lumbosacral metastatic epidural tumor can manifest as lumbar disc disease symptoms, but MR imaging can non-invasively and rapidly reveal the presence of spinal epidural tumor and any extension to the spinal canal. Extradural MCC metastasis in the lumbosacral area should be considered in the differential diagnosis of radicular symptoms caused by disc herniation.     

Indirect decompression of lumbar stenosis

Degenerative lumbar stenosis can lead to symptoms of neurogenic claudication and lumbar radiculopathy. Lumbar stenosis can be caused by static compression of the neural elements in the central canal, along the lateral recess, and in the neuroforamen, as well as by dynamic changes to the total area of the central canal and neuroforamen. Previously, surgical options for the treatment of degenerative lumbar stenosis were primarily based on direct posterior open decompressions and fusions. However, novel techniques of indirect decompression have now been developed that restore disc height to increase the area of the central canal and neuroforamen and address the dynamic aspect of stenosis, while avoiding the extensive soft tissue injury involved in posterior open decompressions and fusions. Interbody fusions and interspinous devices are two methods of indirect decompression that are being commonly used.In this study, we provide a broad overview of the advantages, disadvantages, indications, evidence, and complications of ALIF, LLIF, and OLIF, as well as interspinous devices including Coflex. Though there is limited comparative evidence demonstrating that one approach is superior to another in terms of clinical and radiographic outcomes, evidence does show that interbody techniques are effective at treating lumbar stenosis by increasing the total area of the central canal and neuroforamen while having high fusion rates. Though the newer generation of interspinous devices have lower failure rates than their predecessors, they still are not comparable to the interbody devices in terms of long term outcomes. The optimal approach for the indirect treatment of lumbar stenosis therefore depends on multiple variables, including but not limited to the spinal level of disease, the anatomy of the individual patient, the pathology being treated, and the familiarity of the surgeon.     

伴有颈椎间盘突出的颈椎管狭窄症的手术方法探讨

目的探讨伴有颈椎间盘突出的颈椎管狭窄症的外科手术方法。方法对我院诊治的56例伴有颈椎间盘突出的颈椎管狭窄症患者,根据手术方法的不同分成两组:颈后路手术治疗组(31例)、颈前后联合入路手术治疗组(25例),比较两组间治疗前后的JOA评分改变。结果所有病例未发生神经功能进一步损伤,56例均获得10.0～20.0个月随访,脊髓神经功能按JOA评分,颈后路手术治疗组优良率74.2%,颈前后联合入路治疗组优良率76.0%。结论治疗伴有颈椎间盘突出的颈椎管狭窄症,单纯颈后路手术的治疗效果与颈前后联合入路手术区别不大,无需进一步行前路手术。     

Long-Term Results in Lumbosacral Interbody Fusion for Spondylolisthesis

Out of a group of 235 patients who underwent a lumbosacral interbody fusion, 24 who were operated on for spondylolisthesis and had a long follow-up period were isolated for careful clinical and radiological evaluation. All patients were examined 1 year after surgery and 10 years or more postoperatively. Bony fusion was achieved within 4 to 6 months in all cases except one. The clinical results, showed that all patients had a good or intermediate result after 1 year. After 10 years or more 20 patients still had a good result, three an intermediate result and one a poor result. Our special interest concerned the radiological behaviour of the discs above the fused segment. This was evaluated on flexion and extension films, preoperatively and 10 years postoperatively. After this period an instability, radiologically visible as a posterior shift of 3 mm or more, was found in three L4-5 segments. No instability was found in the L3-4 segments. The disc space height diminished in three cases in the L4-5 segment and in one case in the L3-4 segment. No definite conclusions could be drawn from the flexion and extension angles measured preoperatively and 10 years or more postoperatively. Analysis of the poor and intermediate results showed that low back pain may persist to some extent after previous posterior surgery. In two cases a correlation was found between narrowing and tilt of an L4-5 segment and pain. In these two cases there was also an inadequate correction of the preoperative olisthetic kyphosis. There was one case of persistent back pain without any clinical or radiological findings. Finally, of the 106 males out of the group of 235 patients, none had problems of postoperative sterility or persistent retrograde ejaculation.     

腰骶神经根异常综合征(临床14例报告)

目的：报道临床所见腰骶神经根异常综合征。方法：５２３例诊断为腰椎间盘突出症而行手术治疗中发现１４例为腰骶神经根变异而致病，（占２６８％）。予以手术治疗。结果：通过手术所见，腰骶神经根变异，解剖上可分为：１腰骶神经根畸形，２腰骶神经后根节异位。结论：腰骶神经根异常综合征，临床不多见，术前影像学检查确诊率较低，术中应注意去除一切对异常神经根造成嵌压的因素，包括轻度的椎间盘突出，小关节内聚、增生、黄韧带肥厚、退变等可收到较好的临床治疗效果