动态血压监测评价替米沙坦治疗高血压的临床疗效

目的用24h动态血压监测评价替米沙坦治疗原发性高血压的临床疗效。方法选择70例原发性高血压患者,予以口服替米沙坦片80mg,每天1次,疗程4周,分别于用药前及用药4周后行24h动态血压监测。结果70例患者中显效19例,有效45例,总有效率91.43%;服药4周后与用药前相比24h昼夜平均血压、白天平均血压、夜间平均血压、白天最高血压、夜间最高血压及血压负荷值均明显降低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论替米沙坦治疗原发性高血压疗效显著。     

氯沙坦和替米沙坦对原发性高血压和左心室肥厚患者的疗效

[目的]观察比较氯沙坦和替米沙坦治疗原发性高血压和左心室肥厚(LVH)患者的疗效.[方法]将84例高血压合并LVH患者依据临床治疗方法分为氯沙坦治疗组(42例)和替米沙坦治疗组(42例).两组患者分别口服氯沙坦和替米沙坦两种药物,疗程1年;比较两组药物的降压效果、用药后LVH改善情况.[结果]两组患者均有较好降压疗效,与治疗前比较差异有显著性(P＜0.05),但替米沙坦组血压控制有效率为95.24％(40/42),高于氯沙坦组80.95％(34/42),且差异有显著性(P＜0.05);两组治疗前后LVH各项指标比较,差异均有显著性(P＜0.05).[结论]氯沙坦和替米沙坦治疗原发性高血压患者均有较好降压效果,能够明显逆转LVH.替米沙坦较氯沙坦能够更好的控制患者的血压,值得临床推广泛应用.     

苯磺酸氨氯地平联合替米沙坦应用对老年原发性高血压患者血压晨峰和血压变异性的影响

目的：探讨苯磺酸氨氯地平联合替米沙坦对老年原发性高血压患者血压晨峰及血压变异性的影响.方法：选择2011年3月-2012年3月齐齐哈尔市第一医院收治的老年原发性高血压患者48例,给予苯磺酸氨氯地平（5mg/d）联合替米沙坦（40mg/d）治疗4周.治疗前后分别进行24 h动态血压监测,采用自身对照研究的方法对比分析治疗前后患者血压晨峰及血压变异性的差异.结果：与治疗前比较,老年原发性高血压患者治疗后的24 h平均收缩压、24 h平均舒张压、白昼平均收缩压、白昼平均舒张压、夜间平均收缩压、夜间平均舒张压、血压晨峰、24 h收缩压标准差、24 h舒张压标准差、24 h收缩压变异系数、24 h舒张压变异系数均下降,治疗前后比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.治疗后的总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇较治疗前下降,治疗前后比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.结论：氨氯地平联合替米沙坦降压治疗可有效降低老年高血压患者的血压晨峰及血压变异性.     

不同时间段服用氯沙坦对老年非杓型高血压患者的临床疗效

目的:研究不同时间段服用氯沙坦对老年非杓型高血压患者的临床疗效。方法 :将我院门诊急诊收治的70例老年非杓型高血压患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组35例,均给予氯沙坦口服治疗。观察组患者于晚上19:00服药,对照组患者于上午07:00服药,均治疗48周,患者治疗前和治疗48周后进行24 h无创动态血压监测,比较两组患者全天平均收缩压和舒张压(24 h SBP、24 h DBP),昼间平均收缩压和舒张压(d SBP、d DBP),夜间平均舒张压和舒张压(n SBP、n DBP),晨间平均收缩压和舒张压(晨间SBP、DBP)和异常血压形态的纠正率。结果:两组患者治疗后24 h SBP、24 h DBP、d SBP、d DBP、n SBP、n DBP、晨间SBP及DBP均较治疗前显著下降(P0.01),且治疗后观察组患者晨间SBP及DBP显著低于对照组(P0.01);观察组患者异常血压形态的纠正率显著高于对照组(P0.01)。结论:不同时间段服用氯沙坦均能有效降低血压,但夜间服药降低晨间血压及纠正异常血压形态的效果更好。     

氯沙坦钾治疗原发性高血压76例临床观察

目的 观察血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂氯沙坦钾对原发性高血压的降压效果以及对心率、血尿酸的影响.方法 应用24h动态血压监测仪,观察76例轻、中度原发性高血压患者口服氯沙坦钾50～100 mg/d,4、8、12周后昼夜血压变化情况,同时检测血尿酸、肌酐及常规指标治疗前后的变化.结果 氯沙坦钾治疗4周后24 h平均收缩压(24 h SBP)(127.11±6.76)mm Hg、24h平均舒张压(24hDBP) (80.09 ±7.35)mm Hg、白天平均收缩压(DSBP) (131.47 ±5.91)mm Hg、白天平均舒张压(DDBP)(82.16 ±6.04)mm Hg、夜间平均收缩压(NSBP)(115.87±7.78)mm Hg、夜间平均舒张压(NDBP) (67.55±9.23) mm Hg,分别与治疗前24 h SBP(145.23±9.78)mm Hg、24 h DBP(91.37±10.97) mm Hg、DSBP(151.01±11.25)mm Hg、DDBP(98.98±10.34) mm Hg、NSBP(140.87±12.01) mm Hg、NDBP(85.66±10.81)mm Hg比较,差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.01),并降至正常范围,之后血压保持平稳,与治疗8、12周比较差异无统计学意义(P均＞0.05);氯沙坦钾治疗8周后血尿酸为(338.99±18.30) mmoL/L、治疗12周血尿酸为(335.41±21.03) mmoL/L,与治疗前血尿酸浓度[(468.98±19.78)mmoL/L]比较差异均有统计学意义(P ＜0.05、P＜0.01),心率、血肌酐、血钾等指标无明显变化(P均＞0.05).结论 氯沙坦可有效控制轻、中度原发性高血压患者24h血压水平,且降压平稳,同时降低血尿酸浓度.     

老年高血压患者血脂水平与血压变异性的相关性

目的:探讨老年高血压患者血脂水平与血压变异性的关系.方法:将300例老年高血压患者根据血脂水平检测结果分为血脂异常组和血脂正常组,对两组患者进行24 h动态血压监测,根据监测结果分析老年高血压患者血脂水平与血压变异性的相关性.结果:两组间一般资料比较差异无显著性(P＞0.05);血脂异常组24 h收缩压、24 h舒张压、24 h平均脉压差、白昼平均脉压差、夜间平均脉压差、白昼收缩压、夜间收缩压、24 h收缩压变异性、24 h舒张压变异性均显著高于血脂正常组(P＜0.05或0.01).结论:老年高血压患者血脂水平与血压变异性呈显著正相关,临床上在降压治疗的同时应进一步关注血脂水平的变化.     

原发性高血压病患者动态血压参数与颈动脉内膜-中膜厚度的关系

目的:探讨原发性高血压病患者的动态血压各参数与颈动脉内膜-中膜厚度的关系。方法:对89例原发性高血压患者进行颈动脉超声检查和24h动态血压监测。根据颈动脉超声检查结果分成颈动脉正常组(CAN组)和颈动脉粥样硬化组(CAS组),对两组动态血压各参数进行比较。结果:CAS组的24h平均收缩压(24hSBP)、白天平均收缩压(dSBP)、夜间平均收缩压(nSBP)明显高于CAN组(P<0.01),CAS和CAN两组患者的24h平均舒张压(24hDBP)、白天及夜间平均舒张压(dDBP、nDBP)差异无显著性(P>0.05);CAS组的非杓型血压节律检出率高于CAN组(P<0.05)。结论:高血压患者动脉粥样硬化与24hSBP、血压昼夜节律异常的关系密切。提示高血压病降压治疗的同时还需要纠正紊乱的血压昼夜节律。     

替米沙坦治疗轻中度原发性高血压疗效观察

目的：评价替米沙坦治疗轻中度原发性高血压的疗效、安全性。方法：随机双盲分组试验，60例轻中度原发性高血压患者随机分人替米沙坦组（30例）和缬沙坦组（30例），分别每天一次口服替米沙坦80mg或缬沙坦80mg。药物治疗前、后行24小时动态血压监测。结果：（1）8周末，两组坐位收缩压（SBP）谷值及坐位舒张压（DBP）谷值均较基线明显下降，替米沙坦组的SBP谷值及DBP谷值下降幅度大于缬沙坦组。（2）替米沙坦降低轻中度高血压的有效率高于缬沙坦。结论：（1）替米沙坦80mg每天一次口服治疗轻中度原发性高血压安全、有效。（2）替米沙坦80mg每天一次口服降压作用可维持24小时。     

替咪沙坦与厄贝沙坦对老年高血压患者降压疗效的对比现察

目的:观察替咪沙坦与厄贝沙坦对老年高血压患者的降压疗效。方法:86例轻、中度老年高血压患者,随机分为替咪沙坦组(46例)与厄贝沙坦组(40例),分别给予替咪沙坦80 mg/d或厄贝沙坦150 mg/d,晨起顿服。比较治疗前、与治疗后8周血压变化情况,及末次用药后动态血压监测后6 h血压水平。结果:2组治疗后收缩压及舒张压均下降,与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);替咪沙坦组收缩压和舒张压下降幅度较厄贝沙坦组明显(P<0.05);末次给药后动态血压监测后6 h替咪沙坦组平均收缩压和平均舒张压低于厄贝沙坦组(P<0.05)。结论:替咪沙坦与厄贝沙坦对老年高血压患者均有明显的降压疗效,常规剂量替咪沙坦较厄贝沙坦的降压作用显著、持久。     

原发性高血压血压变异性与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的 了解原发性高血压血压变异性(BPV)对颈动脉粥样硬化的关系.方法 对32例颈动脉粥样硬化的原发性高血压患者(硬化组)和30例无颈动脉粥样硬化的原发性高血压患者(无硬化组)进行动态血压监测,对比分析24 h平均收缩压(24hsBP)、平均收缩压标准差(24hSSD)、平均舒张压(24hDBP)和平均舒张压标准差(24hDSD).结果 硬化组的观察指标均高于无硬化组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 动脉粥样硬化的原发性高血压患者其24 h白昼和夜间平均血压高,24 h白昼和夜间血压变异性大.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.