复方板蓝根含片的药效学研究

目的研究复方板蓝根含片的解热、抗炎、镇痛作用。方法用细菌致兔发热模型和酵母致大鼠发热模型观察复方板蓝根含片的解热作用；用热板法观察其镇痛作用；用角叉菜胶致大鼠足跖肿胀法，变态反应致小鼠耳肿胀法观察其抗炎作用。结果复方板蓝根含片能显著抑制细菌所致和酵母所致体温升高；显著延长小鼠的痛觉反应时间；明显减轻大鼠足跖肿胀和小鼠迟发型超敏反应。结论复方板蓝根含片具有解热、抗炎、镇痛的作用。     

芩连抗病毒胶囊抗炎镇痛作用的实验研究

目的：观察芩连抗病毒胶囊的抗炎镇痛作用。方法：用棉球包埋法引起大鼠肉芽肿和二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀的方法观察抗炎作用；采用热板致痛法和醋酸扭体法观察镇痛作用。结果：芩连抗病毒胶囊能抑制肉芽肿组织的增殖；能降低小鼠耳廓肿胀度和肿胀百分率；能提高小鼠热板痛阈值和醋酸致小鼠扭体反应出现的潜伏期，减少15min内的扭体反应次数。结论：芩连抗病毒胶囊具有抗炎镇痛作用。     

油松叶挥发油镇痛抗炎作用的实验研究

目的：观察油松叶有效成分挥发油的镇痛及抗炎作用。方法：用冰醋酸致小鼠扭体及热板法测定痛闽值观察其镇痛作用；用二甲苯诱发小鼠耳壳肿胀及甲醛致足肿胀观察其抗炎作用。结果：油松叶挥发油能明显抑制醋酸引起的小鼠扭体次数；明显增加小鼠的痛阈值。对二甲苯诱发小鼠耳肿胀及甲醛致足肿胀均有较强的抑制作用。结论：油松挥发油的镇痛及抗炎等药理作用确切。     

复方三七酒的药效实验研究

目的：观察复方三七酒抗炎、镇痛、活血化瘀作用及其局部刺激性。方法：用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓炎症测定耳片重量。用光热法、热板法、扭体法测定小鼠痛阈。以观察该药的抗炎、镇痛效果；用重力损伤法致小鼠皮下出血性瘀斑，观察活血化瘀作用。用股四头肌及皮肤刺激法观察其刺激性。结果：复方三七酒使二甲苯所致炎症耳片重量有明显减轻。对上述三种致痛法的痛阈明显延长。对重力损伤所致肿胀。瘀血斑有明显疗效，对局部无红肿、瘀血和坏死现象。结论：复方三七酒具有抗炎，镇痛及活血化瘀作用。对局部无刺激性。     

三乌胶的抗炎、镇痛、抗免疫药理作用研究

目的：研究三乌胶的抗炎、镇痛、抗免疫作用。方法：用佐剂性关节炎和多种炎症模型，观察本品的抗炎作用，用小鼠扭体法了解其镇痛作用，用2．4－二硝基氯苯致小鼠皮肤超敏反应模型观察抗免疫作用。结果：本品对大鼠完全佐剂性关节炎有显著防治作用，对多种炎症模型有显著的抑制作用；对2．4－二硝基氯苯致皮肤接触性超敏反应也有显著抑制作用，对醋酸所致小鼠扭体反应有明显镇痛作用，结论；三乌胶有良好的抗炎，镇痛，抗免疫作用。     

春雨烧伤膏的抗炎和镇痛实验研究

目的：探讨春雨烧伤膏的抗炎和镇痛作用机理。方法：用鼠耳肿胀法和足肿胀法观察其抗炎作用，用小鼠热板法和扭体法观察其镇痛作用。结果：春雨烧伤膏各剂量均有明显的抗炎作用，且具有见效快、维持时间长的特点；对热致痛具有显著镇痛作用且持久达2h以上，对醋酸引起的疼痛有明显的镇痛作用，能显著降低小鼠扭体次数和延长小鼠疼痛的潜伏期。结论：春雨烧伤膏具有良好的抗炎和镇痛作用。     

痛风宁颗粒活血镇痛抗炎消肿的药效学研究

目的：评价痛风宁颗粒活血镇痛抗炎消肿的药效学功效。方法：采用物理致痛，化学致痛，肠系膜微循环障碍。甲醛足跖肿胀，棉球肉芽肿及毛细血管通透性等模型对照观察痛风宁颗粒的镇痛，改善微循环，消肿胀，抗渗出等功效。结果：痛风宁颗粒能明显抑制化学及物理刺激致小鼠疼痛；能改善微循环障碍，其作用与川芎嗪相当；具有同醋酸泼尼松相当的抗炎消肿作用；有较显著抑制肉芽肿形成及致炎因素引起血管通透性增加等作用。结论：痛风宁颗粒具有较好的活血，镇痛，抗炎，消肿等药效功效。     

新复方大青叶片解热二抗炎、镇痛、抑菌作用的实验研究

目的：观察新复方大青叶片解热、抗炎、镇痛、抑菌的药理作用。方法：用2，4-二硝基苯酚引热大鼠法观察新复方大青叶片的解热作用；用二甲苯和蛋清致炎法观察其抗炎作用；用小鼠热板法观察其镇痛作用；采用体外抑菌法观察其是否具有抑菌作用。结果：新复方大青叶片对2，4-二硝基苯酚引起的大鼠发热、二甲苯和蛋清引起的炎症反应、热刺激引起的疼痛反应均有明显的抑制作用；体外抑菌实验结果表明，其对金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎双球菌等菌株具有不同程度的抑制作用。结论：新复方大青叶片具有较好的解热、抗炎、镇痛、抑菌作用。     

富硒长叶胡颓子根皮抗炎镇痛作用的实验研究

目的：探讨富硒长叶胡颓子根皮的抗炎镇痛作用。方法：抗炎实验采用二甲苯引起小鼠的炎性水肿和角叉菜胶引起大鼠足肿胀的方法；镇痛实验选用热板法和醋酸扭体法。结果：富硒长叶胡颓子根皮水煎液及醇提液能非常明显地抑制小鼠耳肿胀；醇提液对大鼠足肿胀有明显的抑制作用；水煎液对热板致小鼠痛阈有显著提高；水煎液对醋酸致小鼠扭体反应有明显抑制作用。结论：富硒长叶胡颓子根皮有明显的抗炎作用。     

四妙散抗炎镇痛作用的实验研究

目的：对四妙散的抗炎镇痛作用进行实验研究。方法：采用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀实验、醋酸所致小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性实验，观察四妙散的抗炎作用；用小鼠醋酸扭体法和热板法，观察四妙散的镇痛作用。结果：四妙散能明显抑制二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀和醋酸所致的小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性增高；对醋酸致小鼠扭体反应有明显的抑制作用，并提高小鼠热痛闭值。结论：四妙散有明显的抗炎、镇痛作用。     

马缨丹根水煮醇提部位镇痛镇静作用的研究

目的　研究马缨丹根水煮醇提部位的镇痛镇静作用。方法　用热板法和扭体法观察该药的镇痛作用。结果　马缨丹根水煮醇提部位对小鼠热致痛和醋酸致痛具有明显的镇痛镇静作用。结论　马缨丹根水煮醇提部位具有较好的镇痛镇静作用     

Analgesic, antiinflammatory and antidiabetic properties of Harpagophytum procumbens DC (Pedaliaceae) secondary root aqueous extract

South Africa is blessed with a rich floral biodiversity of medicinally useful plants. One such plant is Harpagophytum procumbens DC (Family: Pedaliaceae). H. procumbens is widely used in South African traditional medicine for the treatment, management and/or control of a variety of human ailments. In the present study, the analgesic effect of H. procumbens secondary root aqueous extract was evaluated in mice, using the 'hot-plate' and 'acetic acid' test methods; while the antiinflammatory and antidiabetic effects of the plant's secondary root extract were investigated in rats. Fresh egg albumin-induced pedal oedema and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus were used as experimental test models of inflammation and diabetes Diclofenac (DIC, 100 mg/kg i.p.) was used as a reference analgesic and antiinflammatory agent for comparison. Chlorpropamide (250 mg/kg p.o.) was used as a reference hypoglycaemic agent for comparison. H. procumbens root aqueous extract (HPE, 50-800 mg/kg i.p.) produced significant (p < 0.05-0.001) analgesic effects against thermally and chemically induced nociceptive pain stimuli in mice. H. procumbens root extract (HPE, 50-800 mg/kg i.p.) also produced dose-related, significant reductions (p < 0.05-0.001) of the fresh egg albumin-induced acute inflammation of the rat hind paw oedema. Furthermore, the plant extract (HPE, 50-800 mg/kg i.p.) produced dose-dependent, significant reductions (p < 0.05-0.001) in the blood glucose concentrations of both fasted normal and fasted diabetic rats. The results of this experimental animal study indicate that H. procumbens root aqueous extract possesses analgesic, antiinflammatory and hypoglycaemic properties, and lend pharmacological support to the suggested folklore uses of Harpagophytum procumbens root in the management and/or control of painful, arthritic and other inflammatory conditions, as well as for adult-onset, type-2 diabetes mellitus in some communities of South Africa.     

Pharmacological properties of Visnea mocanera L. f. extracts: Screening for analgesic,antipyretic, antiinflammatory and ulcerogenic activities in rodents

Different extracts of Visnea mocanera L. f. (Theaceae) were evaluated for analgesic, antipyretic, antiinflammatory and ulcerogenic properties in mice and rats. The acetone extract from the leaves and the syrup from the fruits exerted central analgesic properties, associated with significant but transient antiinflammatory effects on acute inflammatory processes. The acetone extract also possessed topical antiinflammatory effects. The extracts assayed did not display antipyretic and ulcerogenic activity. Sub-acute toxicological experiments indicated a very low toxicity in mice.     

Evaluation of nitric oxide scavenging activity, in vitro and ex vivo, of selected medicinal plants traditionally used in inflammatory diseases

Steroidal and non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs, despite their various side effects, are in great demand worldwide. Alternatively, herbal formulations provide relief to a large percentage of the population suffering from inflammatory diseases. Therefore, such practices need to be rationalized through a mechanistic approach. Thus, four traditional medicinal plants, namely Ventilago madraspatana Gaertn., Rubia cordifolia Linn., Lantana camara Linn. and Morinda citrifolia Linn. were selected for a study on the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO*), a key mediator in the phenomenon of inflammation, signifying the presence of effective antiinflammatory constituents therein. Plant samples were extracted with different solvents for evaluation of their inhibitory activity on NO* produced in vitro from sodium nitroprusside, and in LPS-activated murine peritoneal macrophages, ex vivo. Further, the inhibition of NO* synthesis was correlated with the reduction of iNOS protein expression through Western blot. Notable NO* scavenging activity was exhibited in vitro by some extracts of V. madraspatana, R. cordifolia and L. camara (IC(50) < 0.2 mg/mL). Most of them showed marked inhibition (60%-80%), ex vivo, at a dose of 80 microg/mL without appreciable cytotoxic effect on the cultured macrophages. Immunoblot analysis confirmed that the modulatory effect of the samples had occurred through suppression of iNOS protein.     

The inhibition of free radical generation by preparations of Harpagophytum procumbens in vitro

Harpagophytum procumbens (Hp), commonly known as Devil's Claw has been used as a traditional treatment for a variety of illnesses for centuries. Since the early twentieth century, it has become a popular antiinflammatory and analgesic preparation amongst European herbalists for supportive or adjuvant treatment of degenerative joint diseases. Extracts of Hp tubers have demonstrated antiinflammatory and analgesic effects in animal models of inflammation and in human trials. The mechanism(s) of action responsible for these attributes, however, remain to be elucidated. Reactive oxygen species generated in acute and chronic inflammatory diseases are known to be cytotoxic and can cause tissue damage. In this study, a root tuber extract (Hp extract) and commercially available tincture (Hp tincture) were investigated for antioxidant characteristics using in vitro test systems. Both preparations were found to effectively scavenge DPPH radical, inhibit nitrite levels in supernatants harvested from LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, and cause dose-dependent suppressions in the detection of fMLP- and AA-induced neutrophil MPO. The antioxidant effects demonstrated for both preparations of Hp may contribute to the antiinflammatory and analgesic properties observed for the plant.     

丹芷胶囊抗炎镇痛作用的实验研究

目的:评价丹芷胶囊的抗炎、镇痛作用。方法:用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀试验、角叉菜胶致大鼠足跖肿胀试验,考察丹芷胶囊的抗炎作用;用小鼠醋酸扭体法和热板法,考察丹芷胶囊的镇痛作用。结果:丹芷胶囊能明显抑制二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀和角叉菜胶致大鼠足跖肿胀;对醋酸致小鼠扭体反应有明显的抑制作用,提高小鼠热痛阈值。结论:丹芷胶囊有明显的抗炎、镇痛作用。     

千金藤素抗炎镇痛作用的实验研究

 目的:对千金藤素的抗炎镇痛作用进行动物实验观察。方法:依据药理实验方法学和有关规定进行抗炎镇痛试验和急慢性毒性实验。结果:千金藤素对多种致炎剂和致痛剂引起的炎性水肿和疼痛均具有明显的抑制作用;未出现任何毒性反应。结论:千金藤素为一种具有抗炎镇痛、低毒的药物。     

Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of Ventilago madraspatana Gaertn., Rubia cordifolia Linn. and Lantana camara Linn.: isolation of emodin and physcion as active antibacterial agents

The antibacterial activity of the extracts of Ventilago madraspatana stem-bark, Rubia cordifolia root and Lantana camara root-bark, prepared with solvents of different polarity, was evaluated by the agar-well diffusion method. Twelve bacteria, six each of gram-positive and gram-negative strains, were used in this study. Chloroform and ethanol extracts of V. madraspatana showed broad-spectrum activity against most of the bacteria except S. aureus, E. coli and V. cholerae. On the other hand, the activity of the chloroform and methanol extracts of R. cordifolia and L. camara was found to be more specific towards the gram-positive strains, although gram-negative P. aeruginosa was also inhibited by the methanol extracts of both these plants in a dose dependent manner. The water extracts of V. madraspatana and L. camara were found to be inactive, while that of R. cordifolia was significantly active against B. subtilis and S. aureus compared with streptomycin and penicillin G used as standards. In the course of bio-assay guided fractionation, emodin and physcion were isolated for the first time from the stem-bark of V. madraspatana. It was noteworthy to find the MICs of emodin in the range 0.5-2.0 microg/mL against three Bacillus sp. Both the anthraquinonoid compounds inhibited P. aeruginosa, emodin being more effective, showing an MIC of 70 microg/mL.     

Effects of antiinflammatory triterpenes isolated from Leptadenia hastata latex on keratinocyte proliferation

Several triterpenes isolated from Leptadenia hastata latex were tested for their anti-inflammatory activity. Lupeol (1), its acetate (2) and palmitate (3) esters were found to be the main antiinflammatory constituents in the croton oil-induced ear oedema test. Furthermore, lupeol hemisuccinate (4), synthesized from lupeol, exhibited a higher activity than lupeol in the test. These results prove that the triterpenes play a pivotal role in the topical antiinflammatory effect of this latex. In addition, an in vitro model of human skin keratinocytes (epidermal explants) cultured at an air-liquid interface on a de-epidermized human dermis (DED) was used to investigate the effects of lupeol esters on skin repair in vitro. Compared with the control, compounds 2 and 3 improved keratinocyte proliferation at a concentration of 5 microM in the culture medium; however, they remained less active than compounds 1 and 4. In contrast to compound 1, all the lupeol esters (2-4), and particularly compound 4, induced a good differentiation of keratinocytes with a well-formed stratum corneum without parakeratosis. These results substantiate the topical use of Leptadenia hastata latex in traditional medicine and showed that both antiinflammatory activity and the effect on keratinocyte proliferation of compound 1 could be improved by its hemisuccinylation; on the contrary, esterification by acetylation or palmitoylation decreased these activities.     

Analgesic,antipyretic and antiinflammatory effects of Achillea ageratum

The aqueous and methanol extracts of Achillea ageratum L. (Asteraceae) have been evaluated for analgesic, antipyretic and antiinflammatory properties in mice and rats in several experimental models. The aqueous extract exhibited significant activity in the analgesic and antiinflammatory assays but was unable to reduce hyperthermia. Moreover, the methanol extract exerted effects in three pharmacological actions. The phytochemical investigation of this latter extract revealed the presence of flavonic compounds: luteolin, quercetin and 7-O-β-luteolin. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.