先天性上睑下垂379例治疗体会

目的 应用不同术式治疗先天性上睑下垂,并对手术效果及其并发症进行评价.方法 自2002年6月至2007年10月间,共收治先大性上睑下垂患者379例(460只眼).其中重度上睑下垂300例(381只眼),中度上睑下垂47例(47只眼),轻度上睑下垂32例(32只眼).行阔筋膜悬吊术196例(246只眼),额肌瓣悬吊术104例(135只眼),提上睑肌缩短术47例(47只眼),提上睑肌腱膜折叠术32例(32只眼).结果 术后满意率为94.6%,好转率为5.0%,总有效率为99.6%.其中阔筋膜悬吊术手术满意率为91.9%,额肌瓣悬吊术满意率为95.5%,提上睑肌缩短术满意率为95.7%,提上睑肌腱膜折叠术满意率为96.9%.手术后有50只眼(10.9%)出现各种并发症,主要有额部血肿、暴露性角膜炎、矫正不全和上穹隆结膜脱垂,经相应处理后均好转.结论 对于提上睑肌无力的重度上睑下垂患者,采取阔筋膜悬吊术或额肌瓣悬吊术治疗,术后重睑自然,远期外观效果较好.提上睑肌力较好的轻度上睑下垂患者宜采取提上睑肌手术,术后重睑弧度自然,并发症少,是较理想的治疗方法.     

额肌悬吊术和提上睑肌-额肌吻合术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂

目的 比较额肌瓣悬吊术和提上睑肌腱膜-额肌瓣吻合术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂的疗效.方法 分析分别采用用额肌瓣悬吊术、提上睑肌腱膜-额肌瓣吻合术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂98例133只眼,比较两组手术的疗效.结果 额肌瓣悬吊术组和提上睑肌腱膜-额肌瓣吻合术组矫正上睑下垂的疗效差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).但前者术后有5例睑缘弧度不自然(6.9%),后者术后睑缘弧度均较自然.结论 额肌瓣悬吊术和提上睑肌腱膜-额肌瓣吻合术都能有效治疗重度先天性上睑下垂,但后者较符合眼睑生理解剖,术后睑缘弧度更自然.     

重度先天性上睑下垂两种悬吊方法的评估

目的分析异体阔筋膜悬吊术和额肌筋膜瓣悬吊术矫正重度先天性上睑下垂的优缺点.方法对56例78眼重度先天性上睑下垂住院病例行手术治疗,其中额肌瓣悬吊术20例(36眼),阔筋膜悬吊术36例(42眼).结果阔筋膜悬吊术的复发率高于额肌瓣术;术后兔眼明显.额肌瓣悬吊术双重睑形成稍差,术中出血较多.结论综合评估矫正重度先天性上睑下垂额肌筋膜瓣悬吊术较优于异体阔筋膜悬吊术.     

重度先天性上睑下垂不同术式的比较

目的 分析异体阔筋膜悬吊术,超常量提上睑肌缩短术和改良的额肌瓣腱膜悬吊术治疗矫正重度先天性上睑下垂的效果.方法 对189例(189只眼)重度先天性上睑下垂住院病例进行手术治疗,其中改良的额肌瓣腱膜悬吊术80例,异体阔筋膜悬吊术39例,超常量提上睑肌缩短术70例.结果 三种手术方法均获得很好的治疗效果异体阔筋膜悬吊术,双重睑形成好,但复发率高,取材困难;超常量提上睑肌缩短术,手术合乎生理要求,但术后易发生睑裂闭合不全及结膜脱垂;改良的额肌瓣腱膜悬吊术,取材方便,复发率低,但双重睑形成差.结论 异体阔筋膜悬吊术,超常量提上睑肌缩短术和改良的额肌瓣腱膜悬吊术均能有效治疗重度先天性上睑下垂,临床上可根据患者的条件及意愿综合评估,灵活选择相应术式.     

老年获得性上睑下垂术式及疗效观察

目的 探讨病因和药物性治疗无效的老年获得性上睑下垂的手术方式,并对其效果进行评价.方法 对2007年3月至2010年3月间收治的56例(72只眼)老年获得性上睑下垂患者,进行个性化手术设计,其中,额肌瓣悬吊术8例(12只眼),提上睑肌缩短联合睑板切除术13例(16只眼),单纯提上睑肌缩短术30例(36只眼),提上睑肌腱膜折叠术5例(8只眼).结果 1只眼过矫,1只眼欠矫,3只眼回退,其余随访一年以上均疗效满意,外形美观,无并发症,满意率达93％.结论 依照老年获得性上睑下垂病因、年龄特点以及提上睑肌功能情况,合理选择手术方式,能达到安全、可靠、满意的矫正效果.     

三种术式治疗重度先天性上睑下垂的疗效对比

目的:探讨提上睑肌缩短术、额肌瓣悬吊术、阔筋膜悬吊术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂的效果。方法:手术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂患者42例47眼,其中提上睑肌缩短术25例28眼、额肌瓣悬吊术10例12眼、阔筋膜悬吊术7例7眼,比较手术效果,上睑弧度、双重睑成形情况及手术并发症情况。结果:采用提上睑肌缩短术者,术后外观自然美观,兔眼恢复时间短,效果满意;采用额肌瓣悬吊术者术后外形欠自然、兔眼恢复时间长;采用阔筋膜悬吊术者,上睑迟滞和眼睑闭合不全较明显,易发生矫正不足。结论:三种手术方式均能有效治疗先天性上睑下垂。提上睑肌缩短术更符合生理状态,手术效果最好且并发症少。     

重度先天性上睑下垂的手术治疗

目的分析额肌筋膜瓣悬吊术和异体阔筋膜悬吊术矫正重度先天性上睑下垂的优缺点。方法对重度先天性上睑下垂66例87眼进行手术治疗,其中额肌筋膜瓣悬吊术30例45眼,异体阔筋膜悬吊术36例42眼,分析术后上睑下垂矫正效果、上睑弧度、双重睑成形及暴露性角膜炎发生情况。结果额肌筋膜瓣悬吊术取材方便、复发率较低、上睑弧度匀称;阔筋膜悬吊手术简单、重睑形成良好,但取材困难、复发率稍较高。结论额肌筋膜瓣悬吊术和阔筋膜悬吊术均能有效治疗重度先天性上睑下垂,前者无需特殊材料,术后效果较稳定。     

重度先天性上睑下垂术式的评估

目的分析异体阔筋膜悬吊术和额肌筋膜瓣悬吊术矫正重度先天性上睑下垂的效果。方法对56例78眼重度先天性上睑下垂住院病例行手术治疗,其中额肌瓣悬吊术20例36眼,阔筋膜悬吊术36例42眼。结果阔筋膜悬吊术的复发率高于额肌瓣悬吊术,且眼险弧度不易掌握,术后兔眼征明显。额肌瓣悬吊术双重睑形成稍差,术中出血较多。结论综合评估额肌瓣悬吊术,矫正重度先天性上睑下垂较为优势。     

上睑下垂术后回退再手术的临床观察

目的 总结上睑下垂矫正术后回退再手术的临床经验.方法 对22例(24只眼)上睑下垂矫正术后回退再次手术的临床资料.结果 22例患者首次手术前均为单眼或双眼中度至重度先天性上睑下垂.首次手术方式:4只眼为额肌缝线悬吊术,3只眼为额肌硅胶悬吊术,7只眼为额肌筋膜瓣悬吊术,10只眼为提上睑肌缩短术.首次手术后出现1只眼上睑缘角状畸形,2只眼上睑内侧内翻倒睫,5只眼睑闭合不全,2只眼浅层点状角膜炎.再次手术方式:4只眼行提上睑肌缩短术,20只眼行额肌筋膜瓣悬吊术,睑缘角状畸形、上睑内翻倒睫及双重睑不对称者术中一并矫正.结论 额肌筋膜瓣悬吊术是上睑下垂矫正术后回退再手术的主要手术方式.     

额肌瓣悬吊术和上睑提肌额肌吻合术治疗Marcus-Gunn综合征术式探讨

目的 比较额肌瓣悬吊术和上睑提肌腱膜-额肌瓣吻合术治疗Marcus-Gunn综合征的疗效.方法 回顾性分析采用额肌瓣悬吊术、上睑提肌腱膜-额肌瓣吻合术治疗Marcus-Gunn综合征20例20只眼.比较两组手术的疗效.结果 额肌瓣悬吊术组和上睑提肌腱膜-额肌瓣吻合术组均能有效治疗Marcus-Gunn综合征.但前者术后有2例睑缘弧度不自然(25%),3例半年后仍眼睑闭合不全.后者术后睑缘弧度均较自然,半年后无眼睑闭合不全.结论 额肌瓣悬吊术和上睑提肌腱膜-额肌瓣吻合术均能有效治疗Marcus-Gunn综合征,但后者更符合眼睑生理解剖,术后睑缘弧度更自然.     

Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of ptosis

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The surgical correction of blepharoptosis, both congenital and acquired, has been intensively examined and reported on for many years. This paper reviews recent publications on basic science, evaluation, technique modifications, and innovative materials in the care of ptosis patients. RECENT FINDINGS: The frontalis suspension technique is a commonly performed surgical correction of congenital blepharoptosis, used widely in the repair of ptosis with poor levator function. The repair typically includes using either tissue such as autologous or banked fascia lata or permanent suture material. The procedure involves connecting the motor unit (frontalis muscle) and the upper eyelid. Authors have recently reintroduced the technique of a dynamic frontalis muscle flap tunneled into the eyelid that directly attaches to the tarsal plate.Patients presenting with symptomatic blepharoptosis due to disinsertion or thinning of the levator aponeurosis require surgical repair. Multiple groups have tended toward a minimally invasive approach directed specifically at the levator aponeurotic defect. Proposed advantages of a small eyelid incision (8-13 mm) include less local anesthetic and tissue distortion, less ecchymosis and edema, decreased operative times, a shortened recovery period, and improved surgical results. SUMMARY: Surgical correction of congenital blepharoptosis may be performed with autologous fascia lata, cadaveric allograft, or permanent suture material. The use of a frontalis muscle advancement flap is elegantly designed; however, its role in clinical practice remains to be defined. Advancement of the levator aponeurosis for senile blepharoptosis may be preformed via a minimally invasive small incision approach. Patients benefit with decreased operative time, edema, ecchymosis, and recovery times.     

额肌悬吊术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂的效果分析

目的 探讨在额肌筋膜瓣悬吊术中,行否睑轮匝肌桥瓣对手术效果的影响.方法 分析2003～2006年接受手术治疗的重度先天性上睑下垂患者,随机分为A组(术中做睑轮匝肌桥瓣)与B组(术中未做睑轮匝肌桥瓣),比较两组术后远期效果.结果 术后6个月比较,A组矫正满意42只眼,矫正良好7只眼,矫正不良2只眼;B组矫正满意51只眼,矫正良好6只眼,矫正不良0只眼,经Ridit检验两组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 在额肌筋膜瓣悬吊术中,睑轮匝肌桥瓣对手术效果并无至关重要的作用,相反因其术后较多的产生局部粘连,可能使额肌筋膜瓣的活动性受到一定程度的限制.因此,不主张在该手术中采用睑轮匝肌桥瓣的做法.     

Transconjunctival frontalis suspension (TCFS).

We have devised a frontalis suspension technique originally described in an article entitled, "Transconjunctival frontalis suspension for blepharoptosis" (Trans Am Acad Ophthal Otolaryngol 83:684-92), by Swan and Tongue in 1977. This modified transconjunctival frontalis suspension (TCFS) procedure is described. It has been used at the Oregon Health Sciences University in its original or modified form since 1970. To better understand how this procedure successfully corrects blepharoptosis in patients with poor levator function, a study was undertaken to discern the anatomic relationship of the suspension material to important ocular adnexal structures. The findings are based on gross anatomic dissection and histologic examination of a cadaver eyelid after postmortem transconjunctival fascia lata frontalis suspension. The distal, horizontal limb of the fascia suspends the central portion of the levator aponeurosis in a hammock-type fashion. The two vertical limbs pierce the aponeurosis at the level of Whitnall's ligament and incorporate this ligament. The fascia then exits the orbit through the orbital septum near the arcus marginalis and is incorporated into the frontalis muscle near the junction of the medial one-third and lateral two-thirds of the brow, temporal to the supraorbital neurovascular bundle. This anatomic location is not only relatively easily and safely attained, but also maximizes the principles of more traditional frontalis suspensions while minimizing the effort and surgical manipulation.     

Frontalis muscle flap advancement with a pulley in the levator aponeurosis in patients with complete ptosis and deep-set eyes

PURPOSE: To offer an alternative to frontalis sling techniques to achieve a more horizontal traction vector force with the frontalis muscle flap. The proposed technique avoids malpositions such as pulling the upper eyelid in an anterior plane during maximum opening and ptosis of the eyelashes. METHODS: The technique, performed in 5 patients with complete unilateral ptosis and an absence of levator function, consisted of advancing a flap of frontalis muscle and creating a pulley with the aponeurosis of the levator muscle. Mean follow-up was 12 months. RESULTS: Ptosis was corrected in all 5 patients, with good aesthetic outcome. There were no cases of anterior eyelid advancement, entropion, or eyelash ptosis. The only complication was 1 case of lagophthalmos with corneal erosion. CONCLUSIONS: In this preliminary series, the technique was safe and effective for correcting severe blepharoptosis, with good aesthetic and functional results even in patients with deep-set eyes and without the eyelid malpositions that commonly occur in frontalis sling techniques.     

Ptosis Repair Using Preserved Fascia Lata with the Modified Direct Tarsal Fixation Technique

Purpose

To evaluate the clinical outcome of frontalis sling operation using preserved fascia lata with modified direct tarsal fixation in congenital ptosis patients.

Methods

Forty-seven congenital ptosis patients (60 eyes) who underwent a frontalis sling operation using preserved fascia lata with modified direct tarsal fixation method between March 2001 and December 2008 with a mean follow-up time of 52 months (range, 26 to 122 months) were included in this study. The medical records were reviewed retrospectively.

Results

A retrospective chart review was conducted in patients who were diagnosed with congenital ptosis and underwent frontalis suspension surgery using preserved fascia lata with modified direct tarsal fixation from 2001 through 2008 at Dong-A University Hospital. The patients were 34 males and 14 females. The age of the patients ranged from 1 to 18 years with an average age of 4.51 years. At a mean follow-up of 60 months, good final results were achieved in 46 eyes (76.6%), fair in 8 eyes (13.3%), and poor in 6 eyes (10%). The poor results consisted of undercorrection of 1 eye and recurrence in 5 eyes. The accumulative survival rate was 87.2%, with all recurrences occurring within 12 months postoperatively.

Conclusions

Frontalis sling operation by preserved fascia lata with modified direct tarsal fixation appears to be an effective treatment for severe congenital ptosis, showing good long term results.     

One medial triangular Tutoplast sling as a frontalis suspension for adult myogenic blepharoptosis

PURPOSE: The treatment of choice for medium to severe blepharoptosis with minimal or no levator function is frontalis suspension with a sling, using a rectangular or rhomboid sling placement technique. We describe the short-term, follow-up results of frontalis suspension surgery for adult myogenic blepharoptosis using Tutoplast, a commercially available fascia lata allograft. METHODS: We conducted a consecutive, interventional case study. All adult (>25 years of age) patients operated for non-traumatic myogenic ptosis during a 1-year period were included. All underwent frontalis suspension using one medial triangular Tutoplast sling. Success was judged according to lid position and complications. RESULTS: Successful surgical results were judged by lid level, lid symmetry and lid contour. During a mean follow-up of 9 months, the success rate was 91% in all three criteria and 100% in at least two out of three. No major complications were observed. The most prevalent minor complication was the need for lubrication treatment in 26% of the operated patients. CONCLUSION: The use of Tutoplast for frontalis suspension in cases of adult myogenic ptosis is safe and has a high success rate in the early postoperative period. Further large-scale studies are necessary to ascertain the longterm results and the applicability of this material to other indications.     

Blepharoptosis repair by fascia lata suspension with direct tarsal and frontalis fixation

Nine patients with blepharoptosis and no levator palpebrae superioris muscle function were treated by fixating irradiated fascia lata to the tarsus and frontalis muscles under direct visualization. No recurrences were noted on follow-up, which ranged from four to 24 months. There were no postoperative infections or granuloma reactions. Cosmetically, the height, contour, and symmetry of the eyelid margin and eyelid crease were predictable and satisfactory. This modified method of frontalis suspension may provide a more predictable and cosmetically pleasing result in the treatment of blepharoptosis when minimal or no levator muscle function is present.