数字型汉语成语耦合音乐治疗对脑卒中非流畅性失语症患者语言功能的影响

目的:探讨数字型汉语成语耦合音乐治疗及单纯性音乐疗法的语言康复训练对卒中后非流畅性失语症患者语言功能的影响.方法:选取武汉某三级甲等医院神经内科65例脑卒中非流畅性失语症患者,根据随机数字表法将其分为耦合组34例、单纯音乐组31例.耦合组采用数字型汉语成语耦合音乐进行语言康复训练,单纯音乐组采取音乐疗法进行康复训练.治...     

积极成语朗读训练对脑卒中非流畅性失语患者的影响

目的 探讨积极成语朗读训练对脑卒中非流畅性失语患者语言能力恢复的影响.方法 选取2020年1-6月收治于广东医科大学附属第二医院的80例脑卒中后非流畅性失语患者作为研究对象,通过简单随机将其分为观察组(n=40)和对照组(n=40).对照组接受常规言语康复训练,观察组在此基础上接受积极成语朗读训练.干预10 d后,采用...     

多层次执行功能综合训练对脑卒中恢复期患者执行功能障碍的影响

目的 探讨多层次执行功能综合训练对脑卒中后执行功能障碍的影响。 方法 采用随机数字表法将36例脑卒中恢复期患者分为观察组及对照组。2组患者均予以常规康复训练及药物治疗;观察组患者在此基础上辅以多层次执行功能综合训练,包括工作记忆训练、抑制性控制和定势转换训练、中枢执行功能训练等,共持续治疗3周。于训练前、治疗3周后采用蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）筛查患者认知功能,采用数字广度测试（DST）、数字颜色连线测验（CTT）、复杂词语流畅性和简单词语流畅性测验评定患者执行功能改善情况。 结果 训练前2组患者MoCA、DST、CTT、复杂和简单词语流畅性评分组间差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。观察组训练后与训练前比较,其MoCA评分［分别为（20.67±5.67）分和（16.06±7.03）分］、DST评分［分别为（12.17±2.57）分和（10.22±2.73）分］、CTT评分［分别为（330.64±185.07）分和（573.45±386.01）分］、复杂词语流畅性评分［分别为（13.11±4.36）分和（8.55±4.22）分］和简单词语流畅性评分［分别为（8.39±3.60）分和（6.00±4.31）分］均明显提高（P<0.05）;对照组训练后仅MoCA评分［（15.39±4.64）分］较训练前提高（P<0.05）。与训练后对照组比较,观察组MoCA评分、DST评分、复杂词语流畅性和简单词语流畅性评分均明显增高（P<0.05）。 结论 多层次执行功能综合训练可有效改善脑卒中恢复期患者执行功能子成分（包括工作记忆、定势转换能力和词语流畅性等）,该疗法值得临床推广、应用。     

小脑缺血性卒中与汉语语言障碍的神经心理学研究

目的 研究小脑对汉语语言的作用及病变时语言障碍的特点，探讨小脑的语言加工机制，为汉语语言障碍的康复提供依据。方法 用“汉语失语症检查法”(草案)检查38例小脑缺血性卒中患者。结果 构音障碍10例，小脑性语言12例，命名性失语8例，书写障碍8例。结论 小脑参与汉语语言加工，小脑病变可产生词语流畅性的障碍及不同类型的语言障碍。     

成语在脑卒中非流畅性失语症病人中的应用

[目的]探讨叠字与非叠字两类成语朗读训练对脑卒中非流畅性失语症病人语言功能的影响。[方法]首先测试29例脑卒中非流畅性失语症病人对叠字与非叠字成语的读出能力,根据病人对两类成语的读出结果选择成语读出总得分高的成语作为言语训练素材,对这部分病人进行成语朗读言语训练并对病人实施训练前后语言功能的自身对照研究,训练前后分别对病人进行中国康复研究中心的汉语标准失语症检查量表(CRRCAE)语言功能评分。[结果]病人对叠字成语的读出总得分为(26.431±5.093)分,非叠字成语的读出总得分为(8.543±2.466)分,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。根据此结果,选择叠字成语作为素材对29例病人进行言语功能训练。训练前后除说项目中的画面说明维度及漫画说明维度的比较差异无统计学意义外(P0.05),其余项目各维度均差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。[结论]脑卒中非流畅性失语症病人对叠字成语的读出能力要高于对非叠字成语的读出能力,测试结果可以作为选择和制定言语训练的参考标准和训练内容。通过叠字成语朗读言语训练能有效提高该类病人的语言功能。     

积极成语朗读训练对脑卒中非流畅性失语者的影响分析

目的 观察积极成语朗读训练对脑卒中非流畅性失语者的影响效果。方法　选择2020年1至6月于我院就治的脑卒中后非流畅失语症者80例为研究样本,收治于奇偶数病室的非流畅性失语症者各40例,分别设为对照组与试验组,对照组接受非流畅性失语症常规言语康复训练,试验组接受积极成语朗读训练,对两组干预后的各观察指标进行比较。结果　试验组干预后言语能力测评项目评分值和言语康复训练护理满意度评分显著高于对照组,（P＜0.05）。结论　采用积极成语朗读训练对脑卒中非流畅性失语症者施加干预,可获得良好的言语功能康复训练效果,深受患者高度满意度评价。     

徵调干预配合语言训练对脑卒中失语症患者抑郁及语言康复效果的影响

目的 探讨徵调干预配合语言训练对脑卒中失语症患者抑郁及语言康复效果的影响.方法 将纳入的57例脑卒中失语症患者随机分为3组,徵调音乐组20例采用语言训练配合聆听五行音乐的微调,西洋音乐组18例采用语言训练配合聆听西洋音乐,空白对照组19例进行单纯的语言训练.实验4周后,采用中文版卒中后失语患者抑郁问卷(医院版)(SADQ-H)以及中国康复研究中心[《汉语标准失语症检查表》(CRRCAE)]对失语症患者的抑郁状况以及语言康复临床疗效进行评价.结果 实验后徵调音乐组SADQ-H评分较空白对照组降低幅度最大,徵调音乐组治疗效果明显优于西洋音乐组和空白对照组,差异有统计学意义.结论 徵调音乐配合语言训练干预脑卒中失语症患者,可以改善患者抑郁状态,提高语言训练的依从性和积极性,从而促进语言功能的康复,聆听徵调对脑卒中失语症患者康复具有积极作用,值得进一步推广应用.     

经颅直流电刺激联合常规言语康复治疗脑卒中后非流畅性失语症的疗效观察

目的:探讨经颅直流电刺激(tDCS)联合常规言语康复治疗脑卒中后非流畅性失语症的临床疗效,为tDCS在脑卒中后言语康复中的应用提供依据。方法:将36例脑卒中后恢复期失语症患者采用随机数字表法分为治疗组和对照组各18例,治疗组采用tDCS分别精准左右额下回三角部区刺激配合常规言语治疗,对照组采用tDCS假刺激配合常规语言治疗训练,2组均治疗5个星期,观察2组患者的自发言语、听理解、复述、命名成绩变化情况,并在治疗后采用西方失语成套测验(WAB)进行评价。结果:2组治疗后在自发言语、复述、命名和失语商(AQ)评分方面均比治疗前改善,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),且治疗组优于对照组(P0.05)。结论:tDCS左侧额下回三角部区阳极刺激+右侧额下回三角部区阴极刺激,并配合常规语言治疗脑卒中后非流畅性失语症,可以提高患者的自发言语、复述、命名成绩。     

高强度旋律语调疗法对脑卒中后非流畅性失语的影响

目的:探讨高强度旋律语调疗法对脑卒中后非流畅性失语患者语言功能及日常交流能力的影响。方法:选取2019年6月～2021年12月在徐州医科大学附属医院康复医学科住院的脑卒中非流畅性失语患者40例,按随机数字表法随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各20例。给予对照组常规言语治疗,观察组采用高强度旋律语调疗法治疗。治疗前后分别使用西方失语症成套测验(WAB)的前四项自发言语、听理解、复述和命名评价语言功能,日常生活交流活动检查(CADL)评价日常交流能力。结果:治疗前,2组患者在WAB评定自发言语、听理解、复述和命名等各项评分及CADL评分比较均差异无统计学意义;治疗4周后,2组患者WAB评定各项评分均较治疗前明显提高(均P<0.05),且观察组各项评分均高于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论:高强度旋律语调疗法对脑卒中后非流畅性失语患者语言功能及日常交流能力的提高效果显著。     

执行功能训练在脑卒中后失语症康复中的应用研究

目的：探讨执行功能训练对脑卒中后失语症患者语言功能的影响。方法：选取60 例脑卒中后失语症患者,随机分为对照组和干预组,对照组实施常规言语训练,干预组在对照组训练的基础上给予执行功能训练。采用西方失语症成套测验（WAB）、简易智力状况检查（MMSE）及执行功能测试对2组患者进行干预前后的评定。结果：训练4周后,对照组患者训练后WAB中的谈话、复述评分较训练前有明显提高（P＜0.05）,理解、命名及失语商（AQ）评分差异无统计学意义;干预组患者训练后WAB中的谈话、理解、复述评分较训练前提高显著（P＜0.01）,命名评分及AQ值较训练前明显提高（P＜0.05）。训练后干预组患者理解、复述、命名、谈话评分及AQ值明显高于对照组（P＜0.05,0.01）。训练后,对照组患者 MMSE 评分较训练前差异无统计学意义,干预组患者 MMSE 评分较训练前及对照组有明显提高（P＜0.05）。训练后,对照组患者执行功能评定中的Stroop测试分值、词语流畅性测试（动物）（VFTa）较训练前有明显提高（P＜0.05）;而伦敦塔测试分值、谚语测试分值、连线测验A（TMT-A）分值、连线测验B（TMT-B）分值、词语流畅性测试(果蔬)（VFTv）分值,较训练前相比,差异无统计学意义;而干预组患者执行功能各项评定较训练前均有显著提高（P＜0.05）。干预组患者语言康复治疗的总有效率显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：执行功能训练可以改善脑卒中失语症患者的执行功能和语言功能。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.