16层螺旋CT在胃癌诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨16层螺旋CT（MSCT）在胃癌诊断中的应用价值。方法对46例经胃镜组织活检证实的胃癌患者行16层螺旋CT平扫及三期（动脉期、静脉期和平衡期）动态增强扫描,分析其检查结果,并与手术病理结果相比较。结果胃癌的螺旋CT表现主要为胃壁增厚,胃壁多层结构破坏,胃腔内或外软组织肿块,伴有溃疡、胃周浸润、淋巴结转移。增强后病变胃壁异常强化,术前CT正确分期43例（93%）。结论16层螺旋CT三期动态增强扫描对胃癌患者的术前分期诊断有较高价值,对指导胃癌手术及判断预后具有重要意义。     

螺旋CT三期增强扫描对胃癌TNM分期的研究

目的　评价螺旋CT三期增强扫描对胃癌TNM分期的诊断价值。方法　胃癌 10 1例进行低张水充盈螺旋CT三期增强扫描。结果　 (1)螺旋CT三期增强扫描对胃癌T -分期、N -分期和TNM分期的准确性分别为 81.8%、72 .9%和 80 .2 %。 (2 )动脉期—门脉期胃壁呈多层结构有利于判断胃癌浸润胃壁的深度 (Ρ <0 .0 5 )。 (3 )平衡期肿瘤强化完全有助于判断有无邻近器官受侵。(4 )以淋巴结直径 >5mm为转移标准 ,螺旋CT诊断转移淋巴结的敏感性明显高于以 10mm为转移标准 (Ρ <0 .0 5 )。结论　螺旋CT三期增强扫描能提高胃癌TNM分期的准确性。     

胃癌螺旋CT诊断方法探讨

目的 探讨螺旋CT不同的扫描方法对胃癌分期的价值。资料与方法 进展期胃癌232例进行螺旋CT扫描，其中门静脉单期增强84例，三期增强96例，人工气腹法螺旋CT增强（SCTPP）52例。结果 门静脉期单期增强，三期增强和SCTPP对进展期胃癌TNM分期准确性分别为75.0%,82.3%和96.2%。结论 胃癌术前分期首选螺旋CT三期增强，若仍无法准确评估分期的体瘦患者可选用SCTPP，术后复查首选螺旋CT门静脉期单期增强。     

16排螺旋CT胃癌术前T分期的诊断价值

目的利用16排螺旋CT双期增强扫描对胃癌进行T分期并与病理对照,确定多排螺旋CT(multi-detec-tor row CT,MDCT)在术前T分期中的作用。资料与方法经胃镜证实的62例患者(63个病灶),术前采用16排螺旋CT平扫和动脉期、门静脉期双期增强扫描,随后根据5 mm层厚横断面图像情况重组薄层动脉期和门静脉期多平面重组(multiplanar reconstruction,MPR)图像,由两名资深放射科医师共同完成T分期,术后与病理对照。结果 MDCT结合MPR技术后对胃癌的检出率为96.7%,其中对早期胃癌的检出率为66.7%,进展期胃癌的检出率为100%。胃癌的MDCT大体分型准确率为88.9%。63个胃癌MDCT术前T分期总体准确率为71.4%,其中早期胃癌准确率为33.3%,进展期胃癌准确率为75.4%。结论采用MPR后处理技术的MDCT配合动态增强扫描对进展期胃癌的检出、大体分型和T分期准确率明显提高。     

螺旋CT三期扫描对进展期胃癌胃壁浸润的研究

目的 探讨进展期胃癌螺旋CT三期扫描的影像学表现及其对胃壁浸润深度的评估价值。材料与方法 31例病理证实的进展期胃癌,分别于注射对比剂后25－30s(动脉期）、70－80s(非平衡期）及180－120s(平衡期）行螺旋CT扫描,其后行多平面重建。结果 进展期胃癌检出率100％。80．6％（25／31）的病灶与胃壁分界截然,19．4％（6／31）的病灶与周围胃壁呈移行状态。病灶强化情况在不同时相有所不同。动脉期：11例肿瘤突向胃腔内的表面部分呈线样强化,其余部分未见明显强化,病灶分为2层;16例肿瘤呈不规则团块状强化;4例病灶轻度均匀强化。67．74％（21／31）的病例此期显示最清楚。非平衡期：20例病灶呈不均匀强化;6例病灶分层,内层强化最明显,中间出现一条不甚连续的低密度带,外层呈团块状强化;5例病灶均匀强化。12．90％（4／31）的病例此期显示最清楚。平衡期：27例病灶均匀强化,但强化程度较非平衡期时降低;4例病灶强化程度下降,但仍分层。6．45％（2／31）的病例此期显示最清楚。12．90％（4／31）的病例在上述三期中均很清楚。19例手术者,T分期准确率达78．94％（15／19）,其中T2与T3之间鉴别的准确性为81．25％（13／16）。经多平面重建,3例避免了T分期错误。结论 进展期胃癌螺旋CT三期扫描,动脉期对于病灶的显示及其横向蔓延范围的估计有临床实用价值;平衡期对评估胃癌浸润深度的准确性高。多平面重建对于深入观察病变与周围组织的关系有帮助。     

多层螺旋CT三期增强扫描诊断胃原发性淋巴瘤的价值

目的探讨胃原发性非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)多层螺旋CT(MSCT)三期增强扫描的表现及价值。资料与方法回顾性分析18例经手术和活检病理证实的经MSCT平扫和三期增强扫描的胃原发性NHL的CT资料,包括胃受累的部位、病灶大体形态、侵犯范围、生长方式、胃壁厚度、强化方式、胃壁的柔软性、胃周脏器侵犯、淋巴结肿大情况,所有病例均做多平面重组(MPR)。结果胃原发性NHL的CT表现可分为3种类型:胃壁弥漫增厚型9例,胃壁局限增厚型7例,肿块型2例。MSCT表现:平扫示胃壁局限或弥漫性增厚;增强扫描示16例动脉期病变轻度强化,门静脉期强化变明显,且强化较均匀,延迟期强化减低;2例病灶动脉期、门脉期均明显强化,延迟期强化程度减低;17例胃黏膜线呈细线样连续强化,1例呈不连续强化。在不同时相扫描,病变胃壁均有一定的柔软性;通过MPR重建,16例胃原发性NHL呈沿长轴生长特点。18例病例均未见幽门梗阻。结论胃原发性NHL在CT三期增强扫描的表现有一定的特征性,包括病灶的强化方式、黏膜线的连续性、胃壁具有一定的柔软性、病变沿胃长轴生长等特点,可弥补胃镜的不足,有助于准确诊断和术前评估。     

多层螺旋CT对胃癌及肿瘤血供的应用价值分析

目的：探讨多层螺旋CT（MSCT）增强扫描及血管造影在胃癌诊断及肿瘤血供中的应用价值。方法收集近2年在我院经手术病理证实为胃癌38例患者的64层螺旋CT双期增强扫描及血管造影图像,分析胃癌的CT征象及CT血管造影对胃癌供血的显示,与术中所见及术后病理进行对照。结果64层螺旋CT双期增强扫描诊断胃癌,显示胃壁厚度、胃壁外软组织肿块及胃壁溃疡大小与术后证实差异无统计学意义;病理诊断为低分化腺癌的胃壁厚度、胃壁外软组织肿块及胃壁溃疡大小、区域淋巴结转移率与中分化腺癌的差异有统计学意义。血管造影腹腔干、肝固有动脉,胃左动脉、胃右动脉及胃网膜右动脉在容积再现（VR）上能够很清晰地显示;最大密度投影（MIP）显示细小血管较好,但是它在表现三维空间关系上不如VR。结论 MSCT双期增强扫描对胃癌有较高的诊断价值,血管造影在肿瘤血供显示有较高价值。     

螺旋CT双期薄层增强扫描在胰岛素瘤诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨螺旋CT双期薄层增强扫描在胰岛素瘤诊断中的价值.资料与方法 经手术病理证实的胰岛素瘤患者16例,术前行胰腺螺旋CT双期薄层增强扫描.扫描延迟时间动脉期21～26 s,门静脉期65～70 s.注射非离子型对比剂80～100 ml,注射流率2.5～3.0 mL/s.采用单层螺旋CT扫描10例,16层螺旋CT扫描6例.扫描层厚2.5～3.0 mm.结果 16例中,检出12例动脉期均为高密度,门静脉期10例为等密度,2例为高密度,瘤体直径0.8～2.5 cm;4例平扫及增强均未发现明显肿瘤.16例中肿瘤单发14例,多发2例.结论 螺旋CT动脉期增强薄层扫描能更清晰地显示胰岛素瘤,结合门静脉期对提高胰岛素瘤的检出率和诊断符合率有较高的临床应用价值.     

充气法MSCT动态增强对胃癌的诊断价值

目的探讨全胃充气法多层CT动态增强在胃癌诊断中的应用价值。方法上消化道钡餐及胃镜检查拟诊胃癌17例患者,以充气法行全胃16层CT增强扫描检查,并同手术病理对比。结果17例患者均行部分或全胃切除及区域淋巴结清扫术,病理证实胃腺癌15例,其术前全胃充气法多层CT增强扫描中局限隆起病灶11例,弥漫性增厚病变4例,病灶之CT呈现持续均匀强化,强化程度以门静脉期达最高;黏液腺癌2例,病变主要位于胃窦部,胃壁弥漫性增厚且密度不均匀,CT增强动脉期强化不明显,门静脉期呈"三明治"样强化表现。结论全胃充气法MSCT动态增强扫描对胃癌定位、定性诊断具有很高价值。     

螺旋CT多期扫描在进展期胃癌术前分期的价值

目的：评价螺旋CT多期扫描在进展期胃癌术前分期的价值。材料和方法：前瞻性研究一组36例胃癌病例,采用国际胃癌协会通用的TNM标准,螺旋CT与手术和病理对照,观察螺旋CT进展期胃癌病变的检出率,分期的准确性。结果：36例进展期胃癌,螺旋CT病变检出率100％,分期准确性83．33％（25／30）,3例（10％）CT分期低于外科病理分期,2例（6．66％）CT分期高于外科病理分期。结论：螺旋CT多期扫描在胃癌术前分期方面有较高的准确性,值得临床应用。     

胃癌螺旋CT三期、双期和单期增强的比较研究

目的　探讨提高胃癌分期准确性的最佳螺旋CT检查方法。方法　胃癌螺旋CT三期增强 96例 ,双期增强取三期的前两期 ,门脉期增强仅取三期的门脉期 ,中间期薄层增强并MPR 97例 ,分别与手术病理进行对照。结果　胃癌螺旋CT三期、双期、中间期薄层并MPR和门脉期增强扫描的TNM分期准确性分别为 82 .3 %、77.1%、80 .4%和 75 .0 %。结论　胃癌术前分期首选螺旋CT三期增强 ,其次为中间期薄层增强并MPR。     

动态增强CT扫描对胃癌的术前诊断与分期

目的分析胃癌的CT表现,并评价其诊断意义。方法 54例经临床、手术病理证实的胃癌患者均经腹部对比前与对比后动脉期、门脉期及平衡期CT扫描。对所有患者的CT表现进行了回顾性分析。结果研究证实,本组54例中有1例早期胃癌和53例进展期胃癌。早期胃癌表现为单层胃壁局限性增厚,增强后动脉期与门脉期病灶呈局部强化。进展期胃癌按Borrmann分类法,53例中有Ⅰ型7例,表现为蕈伞型,Ⅱ型10例,表现为局限溃疡型,Ⅲ型19例,表现为浸润溃疡型,Ⅳ型17例,表现为浸润型。进展期胃癌于增强后动脉期,肿块表面明显强化,门脉期及平衡期,病变趋向于均匀强化。与术后病理对照,术前CT诊断与分期的准确率为90.2%。结论 CT动态增强扫描对胃癌的术前诊断与分期具有较高的准确性,并对临床治疗方案的制定或手术方式的选择,具有重要意义。     

肝细胞癌的双时相螺旋CT扫描

目的：描述肝细胞癌的双时相螺旋ＣＴ的特征，评价其应用价值。材料与方法：对４９例肝细胞癌患者进行了双时相螺旋ＣＴ扫描。记录病变增强形态、特征，并与病理和血管造影对照。由两位放射科医生以双盲法观察诊断。结果：７４％的肝细胞癌在动脉期呈高密度，７６％在门静脉期呈低密度。１０例门静脉期等密度的病灶在动脉期均呈高密度。动脉期和门静脉期肝细胞癌的检出率为９１％和８１％。结论：双时相螺旋ＣＴ能显示肝细胞癌的增强特点，并提高病变检出率。可在肝细胞癌的检查中作为常规方法应用。     

Multi-detector row helical CT angiography of hepatic vessels: depiction with dual-arterial phase acquisition during single breath hold

PURPOSE: To determine by using multi-detector row computed tomography (CT), in a triphasic hepatic dynamic study, which included single breath-hold dual-arterial phase acquisition, the accuracy and frequency of visualization of the small hepatic arterial and portal venous anatomy with angiographic correlation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 62 patients, pre- and postcontrast triphasic helical CT were performed by using a multi-detector row CT scanner, with 2.5-mm detector row collimation, at a pitch of 6. The first and second arterial phases were performed during a single breath hold. One reader, blinded to the results of the angiography, reviewed the first arterial phase images on a cine display to assess hepatic arterial anatomy. Visualization of the portal vein and its branches was assessed by using second arterial and portal venous phase images. RESULTS: Major arterial trunks (celiac, hepatic, superior mesenteric, and left gastric) were depicted in all cases. Visualization of small arteries was as follows: right and left hepatic, 62 (100%) of 62; middle hepatic, 52 (87%) of 60; cystic, 47 (90%) of 52; right gastric, 50 (89%) of 56; and right and left inferior phrenic, 57 (92%) and 55 (89%) of 62, respectively. Subsegmental or more peripheral branches of the portal vein were depicted in 83% of cases during the second arterial phase and in 96% during the portal phase. There was no difference in degree of visualization in these two phases. CONCLUSION: Multi-detector row CT angiography was able to depict the hepatic vascular anatomy.     

Alterations in hepatic perfusion resulting from splanchnic venous luminal compromise caused by pancreatic carcinoma

OBJECTIVE: We determined whether alterations in hepatic enhancement exist on dual phase helical CT of the liver in patients with splanchnic venous luminal compromise resulting from pancreatic adenocarcinoma. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We examined the extent of hepatic enhancement on dual phase helical CT in 22 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Eleven patients had splanchnic venous luminal narrowing (flattening along at least 120 degrees of the circumference) of the superior mesenteric vein with (n = 3) or without (n = 8) portal vein involvement caused by tumor. In the remaining patients, splanchnic vasculature appeared normal. An additional 16 patients without pancreatic or hepatic abnormality who underwent dual phase helical CT served as control subjects. We compared the extent of arterial phase and portal venous phase enhancement among the three groups. RESULTS: The group of patients with splanchnic venous luminal compromise had significantly higher hepatic enhancement during the arterial phase (p < 0.01) and lower enhancement during the portal venous phase (p < 0.05) compared with the other two groups of patients. No significant difference in hepatic enhancement during either phase was noted between the control subjects and the patients with normal vasculature. CONCLUSION: Because hepatic enhancement correlates with perfusion, splanchnic venous luminal compromise resulting from pancreatic adenocarcinoma likely causes decreased portal venous flow and compensatory increased hepatic arterial flow. This finding supports other evidence of a homeostatic mechanism that maintains hepatic perfusion.     

Two-phase dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography with water-filling method for staging of gastric carcinoma.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of two-phase incremental contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) with water-filling method in the preoperative assessment of stomach carcinoma. Dynamic CT was done in 20 patients with biopsy-proven gastric cancers and the findings were compared with surgery. A 150-ml ionic contrast medium was administered intravenously at a flow rate of 3.5 ml/s. CT scanning was done at 45 s (early phase) and 3 min (equilibrium phase) after the start of intravenous injection. Primary tumors were detected in all the cases. The overall accuracies of dynamic CT in determining depth of tumor invasion, pancreatic invasion, adjacent liver infiltration, and lymph node metastasis were 85% (17/20), 90% (18/20), 85% (17/20), and 69% (13/19), respectively. The early phase of dynamic CT is highly accurate in determining the depth of tumor invasion of advanced gastric cancers but has low sensitivity in the detection of nodal metastasis. The delayed phase scans do not add any additional information and hence, should not be routinely used for staging.     

螺旋CT对胃癌分期的价值

目的评价螺旋CT对胃癌术前分期的应用价值。材料与方法应用水充盈技术对63例胃癌患者行螺旋CT扫描,并与病理对照。结果46例胃癌病灶均明显增强,CT检出率为95.8％,胃癌侵犯深度、淋巴结转移、远处转移分期的准确性分别为70.8％、66.7％、80％。结论应用水充盈技术行螺旋CT扫描对胃癌患者的术前分期有重要价值。