贝尼地平和厄贝沙坦联合治疗对高血压病患者肾脏影响的临床研究

目的探讨贝尼地平、厄贝沙坦单独治疗和联合治疗对高血压病患者肾脏的影响。方法132例高血压病患者随机均分为3组：贝尼地平组（口服贝尼地平4mg）、厄贝沙坦组（口服厄贝沙坦150mg）;联合治疗组（口服贝尼地平4mg和厄贝沙坦150mg）。疗程24周,治疗前后观察肾脏病常用实验室检查的变化。结果3组高血压病患者治疗后降低血压及尿蛋白排泄量（24h尿白蛋白、24h尿蛋白、血尿B：-微球蛋白）比较,差异有非常显著意义。联合治疗组降低尿蛋白排泄的幅度与贝尼地平组和厄贝沙坦组比较,差异有统计学意义,而贝尼地平组和厄贝沙坦组之间无统计学意义。治疗后肾小球滤过率在联合治疗组及厄贝沙坦组之间,差异有统计学意义,而贝尼地平组无明显变化。3组治疗后尿白蛋白下降幅度与血压下降程度均无显著相关性。结论贝尼地平、厄贝沙坦长期单独治疗均可减少蛋白尿,保护肾脏,两药联合治疗对减少蛋白尿,保护肾脏有一定协同作用。     

盐酸贝尼地平和厄贝沙坦联合治疗对原发性高血压患者肾功能影响的临床分析

目的 探讨盐酸贝尼地平、厄贝沙坦单独治疗和联合治疗对原发性高血压患者肾功能的影响.方法 66例原发性高血压患者随机分为3组:盐酸贝尼地平组22例(口服盐酸贝尼地平4 mg);厄贝沙坦组22例(口服厄贝沙坦150 mg);联合治疗组22例(口服盐酸贝尼地平4 mg和厄贝沙坦150 mg).疗程24周,治疗前后观察肾功能指标变化.结果 ①3组高血压病患者治疗后均能显著降低血压(P＜0.01)及尿蛋白的排泄量(24 h尿白蛋白、24 h尿蛋白、血和尿β2-MG,均P＜0.01).但联合治疗组降低尿蛋白排泄的幅度比盐酸贝尼地平组、厄贝沙坦组明显增高(P＜0.05),而盐酸贝尼地平组和厄贝沙坦组之间无统计学意义(P＞0.05).②治疗后,肾小球滤过率在联合治疗组及厄贝沙坦组明显增高(P＜0.05),而盐酸贝尼地平组无明显变化.③3组治疗后尿白蛋白下降幅度与血压下降幅度均无显著相关性.结论 盐酸贝尼地平、厄贝沙坦长期单独治疗均可减少蛋白尿,保护肾功能,2药联合治疗对减少蛋白尿,保护肾功能有一定相加作用.     

苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平片治疗原发性高血压的临床疗效

目的：探讨苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平片治疗原发性高血压的临床疗效。方法选取2013年1月—2014年1月宁波市澥浦镇卫生院收治的原发性高血压患者118例,随机分为研究组与对照组,各59例。对照组患者予以厄贝沙坦治疗,研究组患者予以苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平片治疗。观察两组患者临床疗效、治疗前后血压（舒张压、收缩压）变化情况及不良反应发生情况。结果研究组患者总有效率高于对照组（P ﹤0.05）;治疗前两组患者收缩压、舒张压比较,差异无统计学意义（P ﹥0.05）,治疗后研究组患者收缩压、舒张压低于对照组（P ﹤0.05）;研究组患者不良反应发生率低于对照组（P ﹤0.05）。结论苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平片治疗原发性高血压的临床疗效显著,可改善患者血压,且不良反应小。     

厄贝沙坦联合左旋氨氯地平对老年2型糖尿病肾病合并高血压的临床疗效

目的 研究厄贝沙坦联合左旋氨氯地平对老年2型糖尿病肾病合并高血压的临床治疗效果.方法 300例老年2型糖尿病肾病合并高血压患者,随机分为三组.A组采用左旋氨氯地平进行治疗,B组采用厄贝沙坦进行治疗,C组采用厄贝沙坦联合左旋氨氯地平进行治疗,比较三组患者治疗前后的24h尿蛋白、24h尿白蛋白定量、尿β2-微球蛋白等、收缩压及舒张压.结果三组治疗后的24h尿蛋白、24h尿白蛋白和尿β2-微球蛋白均明显降低(P＜0.05),且C组降低的幅度明显优于A组和B组(P＜0.05);三组治疗后的收缩压以及舒张压均明显降低(P＜0.05),且C组降低的幅度明显优于A组和B组(P＜0.05).结论 厄贝沙坦联合左旋氨氯地平治疗效果明显优于厄贝沙坦或左旋氨氯地平单独用药.     

渴络欣联合厄贝沙坦治疗早期糖尿病肾病蛋白尿的临床研究

目的 观察渴络欣联合厄贝沙坦治疗早期（Ⅲ期）糖尿病肾病患者蛋白尿的疗效.方法 将102例Ⅲ期糖尿病肾病患者随机分为试验组54例和对照组48例.试验组予以渴络欣联合厄贝沙坦治疗,对照组单用厄贝沙坦治疗.2组治疗8周后检测并比较24h尿蛋白定量及血肌酐、血清白蛋白水平.结果 2组治疗后24h尿蛋白定量低于治疗前,血清白蛋白水平高于治疗前,且试验组24小时尿蛋白定量低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.2组均未出现明显不良反应.结论 渴络欣联合厄贝沙坦治疗早期（Ⅲ期）糖尿病肾病安全、有效,在减少尿蛋白方面效果优于单用厄贝沙坦.     

前列地尔联合厄贝沙坦治疗老年糖尿病肾病疗效观察

目的:探讨前列地尔联合厄贝沙坦治疗老年糖尿病肾病的临床疗效.方法:对60例老年糖尿病肾病患者随机分组,分为单用前列地尔组、单用厄贝沙坦组及联合用药组,比较血糖、BUN、sCr、肌酐清除率、24h尿蛋白定量、尿白蛋白排泄率(UAER)的变化.结果:治疗6w后,各组24h尿蛋白定量、尿白蛋白及sCr等指标较治疗前均有明显好转(P<0.01);联合用药组患者的sCr、肌酐清除率、24h尿蛋白定量、UAER与单用前列地尔组、单用厄贝沙坦组相比,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论:前列地尔联合厄贝沙坦治疗老年糖尿病肾病疗效满意,可减少尿蛋白,延缓糖尿病肾病的进程.     

瑞舒伐他汀钙片联合厄贝沙坦片在老年高血压肾病患者治疗中的应用效果观察

目的:观察瑞舒伐他汀钙片联合厄贝沙坦片在老年高血压肾病患者治疗中的应用效果.方法:纳入50例老年高血压肾病患者,其中有25例患者在本研究中厄贝沙坦片治疗(单纯组),有25例患者在本研究中使用瑞舒伐他汀钙片结合厄贝沙坦片治疗(联合组),比较两组患者治疗后的临床疗效以及治疗前后的肾功能指标.结果:两组患者的临床治疗总有效率分别68.00％、92.00％,联合组明显高于单纯组,具有统计学差异(P<0.05),两组患者治疗前比较尿蛋白、BUN、Scr及CRP指标水平,均无统计学差异(P>0.05);治疗后联合组尿蛋白明显高于单纯组,BUN、Scr及CRP指标水平明显低于单纯组,统计学差异显著(P<0.05).结论:采用瑞舒伐他汀钙片结合厄贝沙坦片治疗老年高血压肾病患者,能获得较为理想的疗效,不仅能减轻患者的临床症状,还能改善患者的肾功能.     

低分子肝素钠联合厄贝沙坦对78例糖尿病肾病的疗效观察

目的观察低分子肝素钠联合厄贝沙坦治疗糖尿病肾病显性蛋白尿的效果。方法将78例糖尿病肾病蛋白尿患者用随机分为2组,在综合疗法控制血糖基础上,对照组26例口服厄贝沙坦150mg/d,治疗组52例口服厄贝沙坦150mg/d,同时皮下注射低分子肝素钠5000IU/d,疗程均为8周。结果观察用药前后24h尿蛋白定量、尿白蛋白排泄（UAER）、血肌酐（SCr）、尿素氮（BUN）、空腹血糖。结果2组治疗后24h尿蛋白定量、UAER均显著下降（P〈0.05）,组间比较,治疗组疗效优于其对照组（P〈0.05）;2组在SCr、BUN、空腹血糖治疗前后及组间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论低分子肝素钠联合厄贝沙坦对糖尿病肾病临床蛋白尿的治疗有明显效果,有效率治疗组92.31%明显优于对照组69.23%（P〈0.05）,对糖尿病肾病患者的血肌酐、尿素氮、血糖均无影响。     

厄贝沙坦联合丹参酮ⅡA磺酸钠治疗高血压合并肾损害的疗效分析

目的观察厄贝沙坦联合丹参酮ⅡA磺酸钠治疗高血压合并肾损害的临床疗效。方法选取我院2010年12月—2012年12月收治的高血压合并肾损害患者89例,随机分为对照组（44例）及观察组（45例）。对照组采用厄贝沙坦治疗,观察组采用厄贝沙坦联合丹参酮ⅡA磺酸钠治疗,疗程为28d。观察治疗前后两组患者收缩压、舒张压、24h尿蛋白定量,尿β2微球蛋白,尿微量清蛋白,尿免疫球蛋白G（IgG）的变化。结果治疗前两组患者血压、24h尿蛋白定量,尿β2微球蛋白,尿微量清蛋白、尿IgG比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;治疗28d后,两组患者血压、24h尿蛋白定量,尿β2微球蛋白,尿微量清蛋白、尿IgG均较治疗前降低,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论厄贝沙坦联合丹参酮ⅡA磺酸钠治疗高血压合并肾损伤疗效显著。     

替米沙坦辅助治疗糖尿病肾病的临床价值分析

目的探讨替米沙坦辅助治疗糖尿病肾病的临床价值。方法选取我院自2011年3月至2013年3月收治的72例糖尿病肾病患者,随机分为观察组与参考组,各为36例,两组患者均采用控制血糖、血脂等常规治疗,观察组患者在常规治疗的基础上同时联合替米沙坦辅助治疗,比较两组患者收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、血尿素氮（BUN）、24h尿蛋白定量（24UP）、血肌酐（Scr）、糖化血红蛋白（GHb）．结果相较治疗前,两组患者舒张压、收缩压、血尿素氮、24h尿蛋白定量、血肌酐、糖化血红蛋白指标均有明显改善,P〈0．05;观察组患者各观察指标均明显优于参考组,P〈0．05,有统计学意义。结论在常规治疗的基础上采用替米沙坦辅助治疗糖尿病肾病效果显著,能够促进尿蛋白的降低,改善肾功能,效果显著。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.