绒毛膜羊膜炎与早产儿脑损伤的相关性研究

目的探讨早产儿脑损伤与母亲绒毛膜羊膜炎的关系。方法选取2005年10月到2006年10月在我院出生的早产儿共98例。根据胎盘病检结果分为有绒毛膜羊膜炎组(41例)和无绒毛膜羊膜炎组(57例)。所有病例在生后3～7天内进行头颅B超检查,并在纠正胎龄40周时予NBNA(新生儿行为神经测定)评分。通过B超及NBNA评分观察两组脑损伤的发生情况。结果孕母有绒毛膜羊膜炎的早产儿脑损伤的发生率达39.02%,NBNA得分35.36±2.55,与对照组相比,差异显著(P<0.05)。结论绒毛膜羊膜炎与早产儿脑损伤的发生有一定关系。     

不同途径IL-8测定预测不良妊娠结局的比较研究

目的探讨白细胞介素8（interleukin-8，IL-8）对不良妊娠结局预测价值。方法采用酶联免疫吸附（ELISA）法，检测102例异常妊娠孕妇（观察组）及63例同期正常孕妇（对照组）阴道分泌物及血清IL-8含量，同时两组孕妇均取胎膜行病理检查。结果异常妊娠组IL-8含量、绒毛膜羊膜炎发生率明显高于对照组，差异有显著意义（P〈0．01、P〈0．05）。绒毛膜羊膜炎孕妇IL-8均高于非绒毛膜羊膜炎，差异有显著意义（P〈0．01、P〈0．05），结论孕妇IL-8变化与不良妊娠结局的关系密切，IL-8可能参与了不良妊娠结局的发生发展，它可作为预测不良妊娠结局和判断绒毛膜羊膜炎的参考指标，并且血清IL-8的有较高敏感性和特异性。     

基质金属蛋白酶-9、白介素-1β与未足月胎膜早破的关系

目的探讨基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）与未足月胎膜早破（PPROM）及绒毛膜羊膜炎的关系。方法采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法检测未足月胎膜早破组56例、足月胎膜早破组38例、正常妊娠组30例孕妇的血清、羊水、脐血中MMP-9、IL-1β的水平,并进行胎膜的病理检查。结果胎膜早破孕妇的血清、羊水、脐血中MMP-9、IL-1β水平明显高于对照组,而且未足月胎膜早破孕妇的MMP-9、IL-1β水平亦高于足月胎膜早破者（P〈0.01）;未足月胎膜早破组的绒毛膜羊膜炎的发生率明显高于足月胎膜早破组（P〈0.01）;发生绒毛膜羊膜炎的胎膜早破孕妇的血清、羊水、脐血中MMP-9、IL-1β水平明显高于非绒毛膜羊膜炎的胎膜早破孕妇（P〈0.01）。结论检测孕妇血清的MMP-9、IL-1β水平可作为未足月胎膜早破良好的预测指标,测定孕妇血清、羊水的MMP-9、IL-1β水平还有助于胎膜早破并绒毛膜羊膜炎的早期诊断。     

羊水中白细胞介素-8水平与绒毛膜羊膜炎的关系

目的探讨胎膜早破孕妇羊水中白细胞介素-8（IL-8）水平与绒毛膜羊膜炎的关系。方法用酶联免疫法（ELISA法）测定62例胎膜早破孕妇和46例正常足月妊娠未临产孕妇羊水中IL-8浓度;病理检查两组分娩后的胎膜组织,确定有无绒毛膜羊膜炎。结果胎膜早破组羊水中IL-8浓度高于对照组（P〈0.05）,破膜时间超过24h其羊水中IL-8水平明显高于破膜时间小于12h内的患者,绒毛膜羊膜炎组羊水中IL-8浓度高于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论胎膜早破及绒毛膜羊膜炎孕妇羊水中IL-8水平显著升高,可作为绒毛膜羊膜炎的早期诊断指标。     

75例胎膜早破患者阴道液FFN与绒毛膜羊膜炎的临床分析

目的通过检测胎膜早破患者中的胎儿纤连蛋白（FFN）,探讨其与绒毛膜羊膜炎的关系,为预测胎膜早破中绒毛膜羊膜炎的发生提供较灵敏的检测方法。方法采用固相免疫吸附法对胎膜早破患者75例,健康孕妇50例进行血清C-反应蛋白定量检测、阴道液FFN定性检测,分娩后胎盘胎膜行病理检查。结果研究组CRP阳性率为37.33%,对照组为2%;FFN阳性率为85.33%,对照组为4%,差异有显著性（P〈0.01）。研究组中FFN阳性者绒毛膜羊膜炎发生率明显高于阴性者,敏感性及特异性分别高达93.02%、75.00%,差异亦有显著性（P〈0.01）。结论FFN与绒毛膜羊膜炎关系密切,可用于胎膜早破中预测绒毛膜羊膜炎的发生。     

窒息早产儿高血糖与脑损伤关系的研究

目的探讨窒息早产儿高血糖和脑损伤的关系。方法随机回顾性的选择2004年6月-2007年4月间住院的40例窒息早产儿作为研究对象，40例患儿均进行了动态血糖检测及颅脑CT检查，其中20例为高血糖组，20例为正常血糖组。同时随机选择20例高血糖窒息足月儿作为对照组，通过观察各组患儿脑损伤的发生率，以探讨窒息早产儿所致高血糖和脑损伤的关系。结果在20例高血糖组窒息早产儿中，有15例发生了脑损伤；而20例正常血糖组窒息早产儿中有8例发生了脑损伤，窒息早产儿高血糖组脑损伤的发生率明显高于正常血糖组（χ^2=6．186，P〈0．05）。另外，通过对比高血糖组窒息早产儿和高血糖组窒息足月儿脑损伤的发生率，发现两组患儿发生率无明显差异（χ^2=0．513，P〉0．05）。结论早产儿窒息后所致高血糖会提高颅内出血等脑损伤的发生率。     

高危新儿低血糖检测分析及防治

目的探讨新生儿低血糖的危险因素及临床特点，为临床防治提供依据。方法采用德国罗氏公司生产的血糖仪足跟采血，测定389例有围生期高危因素的新生儿血糖，并以203例正常足月儿作为对照。结果高危儿发生低血糖102例占26％，正常足月儿7例占3．4％。2组发生率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01），高危因素中以母患糖尿病的新生儿，早产儿及小于胎龄儿，窒息，感染，喂养困难，孕母妊高征发病率高。低出生体重儿巨大儿低血糖发生率分别与正常出生体重儿低血糖发生率比较，差异有非常显著性（P〈0．01）。结论对有低血糖高危因素的新生儿在生后24h内要连续检测血糖，尤其是8b内应常规检测血糖水平，以便及时发现及时采取措施，避免发生伤残死亡。     

C—反应蛋白诊断胎膜早破伴急性绒毛膜羊膜炎的评价

目的：探讨Ｃ－ 反应蛋白诊断急性绒毛膜羊膜炎的价值。方法：收集了７０ 例胎膜早破病例，用比浊法测定孕妇血清Ｃ－ 反应蛋白，胎盘脐带作病理检查，以病理绒毛膜羊膜炎为诊断金标准。结果：病理急性绒毛膜羊膜炎发生率为７４ ．２％ ，其中８．５７％ 为临床绒毛膜羊膜炎。以Ｃ－ 反应蛋白≥１２ ．５ｍｇ／Ｌ 为异常，诊断急性绒毛膜羊膜炎的敏感性为９４ ．２３％ ，特异性为７２ ．２２ ％ 。Ｃ－ 反应蛋白值越高其病理分级相应高。结论：Ｃ反应蛋白的测定能早期诊断急性绒毛膜羊膜炎。     

胎膜早破孕妇母血、脐血中IL-6、IL-18的变化及临床意义

目的通过检测胎膜早破孕妇母血及脐血中IL-6、IL-18的水平，探讨其与亚临床绒毛膜羊膜炎的关系，预测亚临床绒毛膜羊膜炎的可行性。方法ELISA方法测定足月前胎膜早破组（PPROM）、足月胎膜早破组（PROM）及正常对照组孕妇母血、脐血中IL-6、IL-18的水平，胎膜病理检查确定有无组织学绒毛膜羊膜炎。结果（1）胎膜早破孕妇血清及脐血中IL-6、IL-18明显高于对正常照组；（2）有组织学绒毛膜羊膜炎者，其母血、脐血中IL-6、IL-18的水平高于无绒毛膜羊膜炎者。母血中IL-18是反应绒毛膜羊膜炎严重程度的独立因素；（3）母体血清IL-18浓度为23.09ng/ml时，IL-6浓度为24.58ng/ml时，可作为预测绒毛膜羊膜炎的阈值。结论IL-18可作为早期预测胎膜早破时绒毛膜羊膜炎的指标。     

Apgar评分与早产儿窒息相关因素的研究

目的探讨Apgar评分与早产儿窒息相关因素的关系。方法采用同期住院的早产儿，分成三组：（1）无窒息组（Apgar评分8～10分）；轻度窒息组（Apgar评分4～7分）；重度窒息组（Apgar评分0～3分），然后分析各组与围产因素、动脉血pH值、血糖及早产儿脑损伤的关系。结果（1）重度窒息组的围产因素明显高于无窒息组和轻度窒息组（P〈0．01），而后二组则无显著差异（P〉0．05）。（2）首次动脉血气pH值≤7．2的病例，重度窒息组也显著多于无窒息组与轻度窒息组（P〈0．01），无窒息组与轻度窒息组则无显著差异（P〉0．05）。（3）重度窒息组发生严重低血糖（≤1．1mmol／L）的病例要明显高于无窒息组和轻度窒息组（P〈0．01），后二组则无显著差异（P〉0．05）。（4）出现脑损伤的情况：缺氧缺血性脑损伤（HIE）、脑室周周-脑室内出血（PIVH）及脑室周周白质软化（PVL），重度窒息组均显著高于无窒息组和轻度窒息组（P〈0．01），轻度窒息组与无窒息组则无显著差异性（P〉0．05）。结论Apgar评分评估早产儿轻度窒息时（4—7分），应考虑到各种影响因素，其准确性有一定的限度。但Apgar评分0～3时，则发生窒息的可能性大，需按窒息儿处理，以减少脑损伤的发生。     

以磁共振成像诊断早产儿脑损伤相关危险因素的回顾性分析

目的探讨以MRI诊断的早产儿脑损伤的相关危险因素。方法回顾性分析中国医科大学盛京医院2年中早产儿脑损伤相关危险因素,以MRI（T1WI-T2WI）和弥散加权成像诊断早产儿脑损伤,详细统计临床资料,进行单因素分析,对单因素分析有统计学意义的因素行早产儿脑损伤主要危险因素的Logistic回归分析。结果358例早产儿中,无脑损伤177例,有脑损伤181例,其中缺血性脑损伤占70.7%（128/181）;单纯出血性脑损伤占53.0%（96/181）;缺血伴出血性脑损伤占23.7%（43/181）。对21种危险因素进行分析。单因素分析：急产、双胎妊娠、母孕期感染、循环障碍、产道分娩、代谢性酸中毒、低钠血症、低钙血症与早产儿出血性脑损伤有统计学意义;母孕期感染、母孕期糖尿病、产前使用硫酸镁、复苏抢救史、循环障碍、产道分娩、代谢性酸中毒、低钠血症、低钙血症与早产儿缺血性脑损伤有统计学意义。Logistic分析示：母孕期感染（OR=4.738,95%CI：1.201～18.685,P〈0.05）、产道分娩（OR=9.191,95%CI：4.699～17.979,P〈0.05）、低钠血症（OR=3.244,95%CI：1.173～8.969,P〈0.05）和低钙血症（OR=3.162,95%CI：1.325～7.545,P〈0.05）是早产儿出血性脑损伤的危险因素;母孕期糖尿病（OR=5.211,95%CI：1.272～21.341,P〈0.05）、产道分娩（OR=3.078,95%CI：1.824～5.194,P〈0.05）、低钠血症（OR=3.331,95%CI：1.506～7.366,P〈0.05）和低钙血症（OR=4.713,95%CI：2.412～9.209,P〈0.05）是早产儿缺血性脑损伤的危险因素,产前使用硫酸镁（OR=0.375,95%CI：0.183～0.766,P〈0.05）是其保护因素。结论母孕期感染、母孕期糖尿病等宫内暴露因素,分娩过程及出生后内环境紊乱均为早产儿脑损伤的危险因素,因此早产儿脑损伤是多种因素相互作用的复杂结果。在围生期的诊断治疗工作中应当尽量避免这些因素,减少神经系统并发症及降低其严重程度。     

早产儿及低体重儿四种支原体感染状况研究

为了解早产儿、低体重儿人型支原体 (Mh)、解脲脲原体 (Uu)、生殖支原体 (Mg) ,发酵支原体 (Mf)等 4种支原体的感染状况 ,我们于 1997年～ 1998年分别收集了 2 7例早产儿和 2 1例低体重儿的咽拭子标本应用套式PCR (nPCR)法进行上述 4种支原体特异性核酸检测。结果早产儿和低体重儿的Mh阳性率分别为 92 6 %、95 2 % ;Uu阳性率分别为 5 5 5 %、38 1%。Mh Uu合并感染状况严重 ,分别为 5 5 5 %、33 3%。Mg只有 1例阳性 ,Mf无阳性病例发现。无论是早产儿 ,还是低体重儿 ,剖宫产与阴道产的各种支原体检出率无差别 (P均 <0 0 5 )。剖宫产娩出儿咽部查出支原体可确认为宫内感染 ,由此可见 ,支原体宫内感染状况严重。本文并就支原体感染与早产和新生儿出生低体重的发生原因进行了讨论。     

高危晚期早产儿脑损伤病因学及其磁共振发现

目的探讨以弥散加权成像（DWI）结合常规磁共振成像（T1WI-T2WI）诊断的高危晚期早产儿脑损伤的相关危险因素及临床特点,并分析不同时间MRI序列的信号特点及DWI的早期诊断价值。方法首先对符合纳入标准的649例晚期早产儿的MRI片重新阅片,按照脑损伤评估标准得出诊断,其次收集相关的临床资料,分析不同类型脑损伤的危险因素和临床特点,并对其中271例确诊脑白质损伤（CWMD）的MRI序列进行分析,探讨不同类型CWMD的信号特点、损伤部位及结局。结果①晚期早产儿发生脑损伤332例（51．2％）,其中CWMD271例（41．8％）,以局灶性CWMD为主（62．7％,170例）;颅内出血112例（17．3％）,主要为蛛网膜下腔出血55．4％（62／112）。②非出血性脑损伤的危险因素是男性（OR=1．510,95％CI：1．067～2．136,P=0．020）、阴道分娩（OR：2．367,95％CI：0．251～22．294,P=0．000）、早发型败血症（OR=2．194,95％CI：1．159—4．155,P=0．016）及抢救复苏史（OR=3．784,95％CI：1．908～7．506,P：0．000）。出血性脑损伤的危险因素是阴道分娩（OR=7．195,95％CI：4．249～t2．184,P=0．000）和早发型败血症（OR：2．692,95％CI：1．185～6．117,P=0．018）。低钙血症（OR=2．593,95％CI：1．343—5．005,P=0．005）、晚发型败血症（OR=1．533,95％CI：1．012～2．323,P=0．044）和抽搐（OR=4．006,95％CI：1．790—8．970,P=0．001）是非出血性脑损伤组的主要临床特点。出血性脑损伤组主要表现为高血糖和抽搐。③局灶性CWMD65．3％仅累及一处损伤,主要集中在侧脑室后脚（53．5％）,有97．1％病灶消失或病灶范围减少;广泛性CWMD79．2％累及胼胝体和内囊;弥漫性CWMD50％合并灰质损伤,全部发生软化。④生后2周内,DWI具有较高的敏感性,98．0％表现为高信号,T1WI信号无变化或稍高信号,伴或不伴T2WI低信号。局灶性CWMDDWI高信号持续时间长达5周以上,弥漫性CWMDDWI高信号持续时间2周以内。结论晚期早产儿仍然容易受产前产时因素影响而发生不同类型的脑损伤。对有高危因素,或早期出现临床表现或电解质紊乱的患儿应选择生后2周内（1周内最佳）进行DWI和常规MRI检查,以早期发现病变。局灶性CWMD预后较好,合并有灰质损伤或弥漫性CWMD预后极差,需要动态随访,并进行早期康复训练。     

头颅MRI与B超在早产儿脑损伤诊断中的对比研究

目的通过头颅MRI与B超在早产儿脑损伤诊断中的对比研究,探讨头颅MRI、B超对早产儿脑损伤的诊断价值。方法对2010年1月至2011年12月期间,南方医院新生儿科收治的152例早产儿,住院期间行头颅MRI、B超检查,用配对χ2检验比较两种检查方法有无差异,比较各自诊断的准确性与敏感性。结果头颅MRI、B超对早产儿脑损伤的诊断存在显著差异（χ2=27．119,P〈0．001）,MRI与B超诊断的准确性分别为94．1％、67．1％,敏感性分别为90．0％、44．4％,对IVH诊断一致率为85．16％,新生儿缺氧缺血性脑（HIE）诊断一致率47．83％,脑白质软化（PVL）诊断一致率为33．3％,B超未能发现蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）、硬膜下出血（SDH）、小脑出血（ICEH）。结论头颅B超显示IVH强于MRI,但B超对HIE、PVL的诊断逊于MRI,B超容易漏诊合并有SAH、SDH、ICEH的脑损伤．B超只可作为初诊、随访追踪的方法。     

The neuroanatomy of prematurity: Normal brain development and the impact of preterm birth

Brain development is a complex process of micro‐ and macrostructural events that include neuronal and glial proliferation and migration, myelination, and organizational development of cortical layers and circuitry. Recent progress in understanding these processes has provided insight into the pathophysiology of brain injury and alterations of cerebral development in preterm infants. A key factor of abnormalities in the preterm infant is the maturational stage of the brain at the time of birth. This review summarizes current data on normal brain development, patterns of brain injury in the preterm infant, and the associated axonal/neuronal disturbances that occur in the setting of this injury, often termed encephalopathy of prematurity. Clin. Anat. 28:168–183, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Fluconazole prophylaxis against fungal colonization and infection in preterm infants.

BACKGROUND: Invasive fungal infection is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. We evaluated the efficacy of prophylactic fluconazole in preventing fungal colonization and invasive infection in extremely-low-birth-weight infants. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial over a 30-month period in 100 preterm infants with birth weights of less than 1000 g. The infants were randomly assigned during the first five days of life to receive either intravenous fluconazole or placebo for six weeks. We obtained weekly surveillance cultures from all patients. RESULTS: The 50 infants randomly assigned to fluconazole and the 50 control infants were similar in terms of birth weight, gestational age at birth, and base-line risk factors for fungal infection. During the six-week treatment period, fungal colonization was documented in 30 infants in the placebo group (60 percent) and 11 infants in the fluconazole group (22 percent; difference in risk, 0.38; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.18 to 0.56; P=0.002). Invasive fungal infection with positive growth of fungal isolates from the blood, urine, or cerebrospinal fluid developed in 10 infants in the placebo group (20 percent) and none of the infants in the fluconazole group (difference in risk, 0.20; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.04 to 0.36; P=0.008). The sensitivities of the fungal isolates to fluconazole did not change during the study, and no adverse effects of the fluconazole therapy were documented. CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic administration of fluconazole during the first six weeks of life is effective in preventing fungal colonization and invasive fungal infection in infants with birth weights of less than 1000 g.     

高压氧对婴幼儿脑损伤运动功能和智力发育的影响

目的观察高压氧对婴幼儿脑损伤的临床治疗作用并探讨其作用机制。方法符合入选标准的脑损伤综合症婴幼儿94例,分为观察组64例和对照组30例,均采用脑活素、VitB6和B12等药物治疗,并给予运动疗法（PT）和作业疗法（OT）等康复治疗,精细运动功能量表（FMFM）评定及发育商（DQ）评分。结果观察组FMFM及DQ评分明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论婴幼儿脑损伤早期使用高压氧治疗明显提高患儿的运动功能和智力发育。高压氧促进有氧代谢的进行和能量的合成,损伤的脑细胞得到补修和康复,而达到治疗的目的。     

地塞米松对宫内感染致胎鼠脑TNF-α表达及脑损伤的影响

目的:早产儿脑损伤有很高的发病率且愈后很差,目前认为宫内感染、炎症反应是导致早产儿脑损伤的重要因素。本研究通过给予孕鼠腹腔注射脂多糖(LPS)制作宫内感染的动物模型,探讨地塞米松(Dex)对早产儿脑损伤是否具有保护作用。方法:将孕18d孕鼠随机分为盐水对照组、LPS组和Dex干预组,分别腹腔注射药物。采用免疫组化法及RT-PCR法观察腹腔注药4h后胎鼠脑肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)表达的变化;采用原位末端标记法检测注药48h后LPS组、对照组及干预组胎脑细胞凋亡的变化。结果:Dex干预组胎脑TNF-α蛋白水平及mRNA表达较LPS组明显减弱(P0.05),且与Dex的剂量呈负相关。Dex干预组凋亡细胞与LPS组相比较明显减少(P0.01)。结论:宫内注射LPS可导致胎鼠脑损伤,地塞米松可能通过抑制胎脑TNF-α的表达,降低脑细胞凋亡,对宫内感染致脑损伤具有保护作用。     

No increase in GFAP and S-100B in very preterm infants with mild periventricular leukomalacia or intraventricular hemorrhage: a pilot study

AimTo determine the serum levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and S-100B in very preterm infants with and without periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) and/or intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH).MethodsThe study enrolled preterm infants born between 23 and 32 weeks of gestation admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Medical Center Ljubljana. PVL and IVH were determined with cranial ultrasound. Peripheral blood was collected in the first 24 hours after delivery and once between days 4 to 7. GFAP and S-100B concentrations were measured in serum samples. Infants with PVL or IVH were compared with infants without PVL or IVH.ResultsOf 40 patients (mean gestational age 29.4 weeks), 7 had IVH and/or PVL. S-100B was detectable in peripheral blood in all patients at every measurement. In the group with IVH or PVL, the median S-100B at the first sampling was 0.43 (IQR 0.29-0.60) ng/mL, and 0.40 (IQR 0.33-1.01) ng/mL at the second sampling. In the group without PVL or IVH, it was 0.40 (IQR 0.29-0.6) ng/mL at the first sampling and 0.43 (IQR 0.34-0.62) ng/mL at the second sampling. The median GFAP was 0 regardless of the group and sampling time. The groups did not significantly differ in serum GFAP or S-100B levels.ConclusionPeripheral blood levels of GFAP and S-100B were not significantly increased in very preterm infants that developed PVL or IVH. The predictive value of GFAP and S-100B as biomarkers of neonatal brain injury should be further explored in a larger cohort of neonates with more extensive IVH or PVL.

With the increasing survival of very preterm infants in the last decades, the number of long-term neurological impairments is rising. This presents a challenge in daily practice since mild brain damage is difficult to identify. Brain imaging to rule out brain injury in premature infants is routinely performed with cranial ultrasound (CUS) (1,2). However, mild brain abnormalities sometimes remain undetected until discharge. In this regard, blood biomarkers could greatly aid in the identification of the infants at risk to develop perinatal brain injury.Several neurobiomarkers have been proposed as predictors of perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. In particular, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and protein S-100B have been extensively studied in the pediatric population (1-13).GFAP is present exclusively in the nervous system, being primarily produced by astrocytes. In case of neuronal death, GFAP leaks from damaged cells into the surrounding biological fluids. Consequently, GFAP levels have been studied as a potential early biomarker of perinatal brain damage in term and preterm infants. In cord blood, increased GFAP levels were observed in term newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) as defined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (10).Another well-studied potential biomarker of brain injury is protein S-100B. S-100B is a homodimeric calcium-binding protein found mainly in glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) but also in nonneuronal tissues, particularly adipocytes. Apart from calcium homeostasis regulation, it plays a major role in cell differentiation and proliferation. In case of brain injury, S-100B not only leaks out from damaged glial cells but is also actively secreted as a part of the proinflammatory-axis (14). In low concentrations, it exhibits trophic properties, however higher levels of S-100B have neurotoxic effects (15). After hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, S-100B was detected in different body fluids, among others in urine and saliva, which are easily collected and where it can be easily measured. S-100B levels can be longitudinally assessed, the measurements have good reproducibility, and the reference ranges for the pediatric population are known, all of which make S-100B a possible ideal neurobiomarker.An increase in a single biomarker may indicate neuronal and glial injury, however, a simultaneous measurement of different neuron-specific proteins has shown a far more superior sensitivity and specificity (16,17). Previous studies showed that GFAP and S-100B were elevated in the serum of neonates with moderate to severe HIE, but the levels of these neurobiomarkers in mild IVH or PVL have not been studied. In this study, we examined serum GFAP and S-100B levels in very preterm infants with and without IVH or PVL. We hypothesized that any-stage PVL or IVH was associated with higher concentrations of GFAP and S-100B.     

早期干预对早产儿智能发育的影响

目的探讨早期干预对早产儿智能发育的影响，旨在降低其伤残率。方法将62例早产儿分为干预组（35例）和对照组（27例）。干预组早产儿出生后即提供发育支持护理，接受早期环境干预和综合康复功能训练，定期随访，对照组仅接受常规治疗及定期评估，用CDCC婴幼儿智能量表进行评估。结果6、9、12个月时干预组患儿智能发育指数（MDI）及心理运动发育指数（PDI）均优于对照组（P〈0．05）。12个月时干预组患儿智能发育指数（MDI）及心理运动发育指数（PDI）达到正常百分数85．7％，高于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论早期干预是促进早产儿智能发育的有效方法，可降低其伤残率。