TV--CDFI技术在诊断宫腔内残留物中的价值

目的：探讨经阴道彩色多普勒血流显像技术在诊断宫腔内残留物中的价值。方法：应用经阴道超声检测宫内残留物的声像图特征，结合血尿HCG检测，并与清宫后病理结果对照。结果：TV--CDFI诊断宫腔内残留的与病理检查符合率97．35（83／85），误诊2例。结论：TV--CDFI技术对宫腔内残留物诊断符合率较高，具有重要的诊断价值。     

降血脂药的前处理及检测技术研究进展

近10年,高血脂患者迅速增多刺激了降血脂药物的研究和开发,此类药物检测技术的研究也逐渐成为科研领域的研究热点。基于此,本文经过广泛的文献调查,简要阐述了此类药物的样品前处理及检测方法,归纳总结此类药物在各类基质中的研究现状,以期为后续开展相关研究提供参考。前处理方法包括:分散液—液微萃取(DLLME)、固相萃取(SPE)、固相微萃取(SPME)、基质固相分散(MSPD)、超临界流体萃取(SFE)、超声辅助萃取(UE)等,检测方法主要有气质联用技术、高效液相方法、液质联用技术等。     

肉品中毒性小分子物酶联免疫测定

目前肉食品中农药残留物、抗生素残留物、激素残留物及一些化学致癌物都采用化学分析法(CA)、薄层层析法(TLC)、气相色谱法(GC)、高效液相色谱法(HPLC)进行测定。由于肉品中残留物含量低、因此样品需较长时间、繁琐预处理且损失较大。同时CA和     

鸡肉组织中二甲硝咪唑残留物测定

目的 研究染毒后鸡肉组织中二甲硝眯唑（DMz）的残留情况，可能存在的原型药物及其自由代谢产物、结合残留物。方法 利用生物酶解技术、化学技术对样品进行处理，得到游离态及结合态残留物组分，进一步采用高效液相色谱-电喷雾离子化-质谱（HPLC-ESI-MS）法检测其组成结构。结果 在染毒动物鸡体12h内肌肉组织样品中发现有原型药物DMZ（m／z 141），较多的游离羟基化代谢物2-羟基二甲硝咪唑（DMZO）（m／z 157）及少量的去甲基化游离代谢物2-甲基-5硝基咪唑（m／z 127）的存在，未发现明显的葡萄糖苷酸化及磺化代谢物存在。结论 DMZOH为DMZ的主要代谢物，未发现明显的结合态残留物存在。     

宫腔镜诊治宫内妊娠残留物31例临床分析

目的:探讨宫腔镜对宫内妊娠残留物的诊治价值。方法:2004年1月～2005年6月利用宫腔镜诊治宫内妊娠残留物31例。经宫腔镜诊断、定位、确定残留物的大小、位置后行清宫术。结果:术后随访半年,全部患者已恢复正常月经,无痛经,已有2例妊娠。结论:宫腔镜手术除具有微创的优点外,与传统手术相比,还可改善生殖预后,是一种安全、简便、高效的技术。     

超高效液相色谱在西药分析中的应用效果

超高效液相色谱法在高通量研究和复杂混合物分离的过程研究中提供了一个非常好的平台,特别是对西药产品或者西药制剂的分析、识别、检测的质量控制以及对西药分子代谢成分等研究.在文章中,作者从超高效液相色谱技术的原理和技术点本质出发,对什么是超高效液相色谱法进行分析并解释,对超高效液相色谱技术有哪些优势和缺点进行描述,并对超高效液相色谱法在西药分析中的应用做出了详细的介绍.     

兽药残留分析中的样品处理技术进展

样品前处理是兽药残留分析中的关键步骤，本文综述了一些新技术如固相萃取(SPE)、基质固相分散（MSPD)、超临界流体萃取(SFE)、免疫亲和色谱(IAC)等在兽药残留分析中样品处理的应用实例，共引用文献37篇。     

农药混剂联合毒性评价

用Ｈａｒｒｉｓ法研究了３类杀虫剂（有机磷,拟除虫菊酯和氨基甲酸酯）的二元混剂对大鼠的急性毒性联合作用,涉及的有机磷类农药有：甲基对硫磷,乐果,甲胺磷,辛硫磷,敌敌畏,丙溴磷,马拉硫磷,水胺硫磷;拟除虫菊酯类农药有：高效氯氰菊酯,氰戊菊酯,甲氰菊酯,溴氧菊酯：氨基甲酸酯类农药有：灭多威,异丙威,速灭威等。     

经阴道超声探查药物流产后宫腔残留物的体会

目的探讨经阴道超声诊断药物流产后宫腔残留物的临床价值。方法回顾分析应用经阴道超声诊断宫腔残留物57例患者的临床资料，与清宫术后病理结果比较。结果57例宫腔残留经阴道超声诊断与清宫后病理检查结果100％相符。结论阴道超声检查在药物流产后宫腔残留物的诊断中具有良好的应用价值。     

48例宫内残留物彩色多普勒的超声诊断价值

目的探讨经腹彩色多普勒超声血流显像（cDFI）诊断宫内残留物的临床价值。方法应用经腹超声结合CDFI诊断宫内残留物48例，并与尿HCG和清宫术后病理结果对照。结果48例宫内残留物全部经清宫术后病理证实。脉冲多普勒（PW）呈类滋养层血流频谱，阻力指数（RI）平均值0．44（0．34～0，58）。结论经腹超声结合CDFI能对宫内残留物进行诊断和鉴别诊断，并能根据血流信号检出部位进行定位，具有重要的临床应用价值。     

大米中砷和汞的微波消解-原子荧光光谱测定法

目的建立双道原子荧光光谱法同时测定大米中的砷和汞的方法。方法采用微波消解法处理大米样品,以原子荧光光谱法同时测定其中的砷和汞。结果砷和汞的检出限分别为0.004 4、0.039μg/L;砷、汞标准溶液分别在1.0～20.0和0.10～1.20μg/L范围内线性良好,其相关系数分别为0.999 5、0.999 2;精密度RSD:测定含2.0μg/L砷和0.4μg/L汞的混合标准溶液的RSD分别为2.12%、4.59%。样品加标回收率:砷92.2%～96.8%,汞90.3%～92.1%。结论该方法灵敏度、准确度高,操作方便快速,具有较低的检出限,能满足同时测定大米中砷和汞含量的测定工作。     

微波消解-原子荧光光谱法测定大米中的痕量汞

目的:建立快速准确灵敏的微波消解-原子荧光光谱法用于大米中痕量汞的测定。方法:采用硝酸/双氧水微波消解体系对样品进行预处理,利用原子荧光光谱法测定大米中的痕量汞。结果:在优化的最佳消解条件和反应检测条件下:硝酸/水/双氧水的配比为4:4:2;还原剂硼氢化钾(KBH4)浓度为0.3%;灯电流20 mA;载气流量300 ml/min;酸性介质为5%的盐酸,汞在浓度范围为0.1~50.0μg/L内线性关系良好,线性相关系数为0.9999,检出限为0.0114μg/L,样品加标回收率在98.9%~105.9%之间,四次平行测定相对标准偏差小于6.6%。结论:该方法简便快速、准确灵敏,适用于大米中痕量汞的测定。测定结果显示,宁波市场上随机抽取的5种大米样品中汞含量均低于国家标准,对于人们食用是安全的。     

Comparison of Greenhouse and Field Degradation Behaviour of Isoprocarb,Hexaflumuron and Difenoconazole in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Perilla frutescens</Emphasis>

Isoprocarb, hexaflumuron and difenoconazole were used in Perilla frutescens at 600, 60 and 75 g a.i./ha respectively. High performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used for residue determination because of high selectivity and simple treatment. The results showed that the half-lives of isoprocarb, hexaflumuron and difenoconazole at greenhouse condition were 0.71, 1.63 and 1.21 days respectively, and at field condition, the values were 1.13, 1.07 and 0.92 days respectively.     

转基因水稻潮酶素标记基因在大鼠体内代谢的初步研究

目的初步探索hpt在大鼠消化道内降解的特点和肝脏、肾脏转移的可能性。方法48只成年雄性SD大鼠随机分为8组,每组6只,6组作为转基因组,2组作为非转基因组,分别喂饲转基因饲料和非转基因饲料两周。所有动物于试验结束当天喂饲后2、4、6、8、10和24h处死动物,取胃、空肠、回肠下段、盲肠、直肠的内容物。另取20只雄性SD大鼠随机分为2组,每组10只,转基因大米饲料与非转基因饲料喂饲大鼠4周,取其肝脏、肾脏。用PCR方法检测hpt片段在肠道和肝、肾脏器中的代谢情况。结果hpt基因在胃内容物中有少量未被降解之外,在小肠、盲肠及直肠内容物中,基因大部分已被降解。hpt基因在肠道的降解存在时间和片断依赖型。在试验周期内,肝、肾脏器中未捡出hpt基因片断。结论转基因水稻hpt基因在大鼠消化道内很容易降解,且不能在肝、肾脏器中被捡出。     

灭鼠毒饵适口性效果观察

目的观察鼠类盗食不同毒饵的现场盗食率,比较6种灭鼠毒饵的适口性,筛选一种适口性好,比较经济的灭鼠毒饵。方法用粉迹法调查鼠密度。用0.5%的溴鼠灵配制成(稻谷、小板栗、南瓜子、花生、大米)毒饵。采用溴鼠灵膏剂为毒饵对照。采用连续3 d投毒的方法,计算盗食率。结果灭鼠前后的鼠密度为44.2%和8.8%。鼠类对灭鼠毒饵的盗食率分别为:稻谷41.7%、小板栗39.5%、南瓜子32.2%、花生12.0%、大米6.9%、溴鼠灵膏2.1%。经灭鼠前后鼠密度调查、灭鼠毒饵盗食率的比较(P<0.01)。结论鼠类嗜觅带壳的硬食物,用稻谷和小板栗配制成的灭鼠毒饵是公共食堂及外环境等灭鼠场地较好的毒饵。     

Cadmium,copper, and zinc in rice produced in Java

Cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) contents in 116 polished and unpolished rice samples produced in the Java Islands of Indonesia were assessed as a base-line study of trace metals. Arithmetic means and one standard deviation were 0.040±0.042 ppm Cd, 2.93±1.11 ppm Cu, and 18.17±3.13 ppm Zn. Concentration ratio of Cd to Zn was 0.00220±0.00222. The correlation coefficients between the metals were low. The two highest samples of rice contained 0.27 and 0.34 ppm Cd. Using the fact that Indonesians consume about 300 g of rice, the daily intake of Cd would exceed the tolerable limit proposed by FAO/WHO and could cause slight chronic renal damage to the rice eaters. Soil type by suborder and rice variety gave little difference of the three metals content in rice. Rice samples from West Java, where major soil type by order is Ultisol, contained higher cadmium and zinc, and lower copper than those from East Java (Vertisol).     

Impact of atmospheric trace metals on rice roots

Concentrations of trace and major metals in dry fallout, bulk precipitation, and rice roots were determined in the Takahashi River basin on whose estuary stands the Mizushima industrial area, one of the largest in Japan. The data were analyzed by principal components factor analysis.The amounts of volatile metals Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, V, Cr, Be, Sn, and Ag were delivered from the atmosphere as dry fallout and precipitation, especially within the industrial and highly populated areas. Concentrations of trace metals such as Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu, V, Ni, Cr, and Be in rice roots were 2–4 times higher in the industrial, urban, and roadside areas when compared with those in sparsely populated areas.     

Recognition of organic rice samples based on trace elements and support vector machines

A simple approach is proposed for the authentication of organic rice samples. The strategy combines levels of concentration of trace elements and a data mining technique known as support vector machine (SVM). Nineteen elements (As, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Ce, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, La, Mg, Mn, Mo, P, Pb, Rb, Se and Zn) were determined in organic (n = 17) and conventional (n = 33) rice samples by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (q-ICP-MS) and the variations found in their elemental composition resulted in profiles with useful information for classification purposes. With the proposed methodology, it was possible to predict the authenticity of organic rice samples with an accuracy of 98% when using the 19 original elements. An accuracy of 96% was found using only the elements Ca and Cd.     

Trace Element Concentrations in Two Subpopulations of Lesser Snow Geese from Wrangel Island, Russia

Lesser snow geese (Anser c. caerulescens) from the Wrangel Island, Russia breeding colony spend the winter in two widely separated areas: the northern subpopulation in southern British Columbia and northern Washington and the southern subpopulation in the Central Valley of California. We examined 19 trace elements in the eggs and livers of geese from these two subpopulations to examine whether geese from the different wintering areas have similar trace element burdens. Eggs collected at the breeding colony from geese of the southern subpopulation had slightly higher levels of manganese, an element that can cause neurological damage and behavioral changes in chicks, than geese of the northern subpopulation. Livers from adult geese collected on the two wintering areas showed significant differences in trace elements including copper, iron, magnesium, molybdenum, and zinc. Copper concentrations in the livers of geese from the southern subpopulation were much higher than those from the northern subpopulation (xˉ = 116 vs. 46 ppm; dry weight). Elevated levels of copper may induce anemia in birds. The differences in trace element concentrations of these two subpopulations may be related to farming practices in their wintering areas. Geese from the northern subpopulation feed in pastures and coastal marshes and migrate along the coast, but geese from the southern subpopulation feed predominantly in rice fields and migrate over farm land. Copper and manganese are major components of fertilizers and fungicides commonly applied during rice cultivation. Received: 16 August 1996/Accepted: 18 February 1997