外伤致眼球摘除者伤残接受度与创伤后应激障碍发生的相关性研究

目的探讨外伤致眼球摘除者伤残接受度与创伤后应激障碍(post-traumatic stress disorders,PTSD)的关系。方法便利抽样法选取上海市某三级甲等专科医院眼科住院治疗的外伤致眼球摘除患者113例为研究对象,采用伤残接受度量表(acceptance of disability scale,AODS)和PTSD检查量表平民版(posttraumatic stress checklist-civilian version,PCL-C)对其进行调查。结果外伤致眼球摘除患者AODS得分(74.80±12.07)分,为中等接受水平;PCL-C的得分为(40.91±12.87)分,有33.6%的患者存在一定程度的PTSD症状,26.5%的患者PTSD筛查阳性;伤残接受度扩大维度与创伤后应激障碍之间呈负相关,差异有统计学意义(r=-0.349,P0.001)。结论临床护士应关注外伤致眼球摘除者的心理情况,给予正确且有针对性的健康教育,并积极探讨有效的心理护理干预措施,以提高患者的心理健康水平,进而提高患者的生活质量。     

知信行护理干预对烧伤科住院患者创伤后应激障碍的影响

目的 分析知信行护理干预对烧伤科住院患者创伤后应激障碍的影响,以指导未来烧伤科住院患者的护理计划制定,减少创伤后应激障碍发生。方法 选取2018年11月～2019年11月我院烧伤科住院患者105例,按照随机数字表法分为研究组52例和对照组53例。对照组给予普通护理干预,研究组给予知信行护理干预3个月,采用创伤后应激障碍(CAPS)量表对比两组患者的创伤后应激障碍的变化,使用焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)比较两组焦虑和抑郁状态。结果 干预3个月后,两组CAPS、SAS、SDS评分均低于干预前,且研究组低于对照组(P0.05)。结论 知信行护理干预可降低烧伤科住院患者创伤后应激障碍,利于改善患者焦虑和抑郁状态,具有一定的应用价值。     

护理本科生创伤后应激障碍与压力及心理弹性的相关性研究

目的探讨本科护理专业学生创伤后应激障碍(post-traumatic stress disorder,PTSD)的发生情况及其与压力、心理弹性的相关性,从而为早期预防、干预提供科学依据。方法采用创伤后应激障碍筛查量表平民版(PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version,PCL-C)、大学生压力问卷、心理弹性量表对754名某高校本科护理专业学生进行问卷调查。结果 PCL-C量表总分为(30.7±9.14)分,维度条目均分:重新体验为(1.85±0.62)分,回避/麻木为(1.77±0.57)分,高警觉为(1.82±0.66)分。PTSD症状阳性率为9.15%,其中男生症状阳性率高于女生(χ~2=9.610,P=0.002)。大学生压力问卷总分与创伤后应激障碍量表总分呈正相关(r=0.592);心理弹性总分与创伤后应激障碍量表总分呈负相关(r=-0.263)。结论本科护理专业学生中存在PTSD症状,重新体验症状发生率最高。学生压力越大,PTSD发生的可能性越大;而心理弹性越好,PTSD发生的可能性越小。     

品管圈活动在预防骨科患者创伤后应激性障碍中的应用

目的:探讨开展品管圈(QCC)活动在预防骨科患者创伤后应激性障碍(PTSD)中的应用效果。方法:将2014年7月~2015年6月收治的60例创伤骨科住院患者随机分为观察组和对照组各30例,对照组实施常规护理干预,观察组实施QCC多步骤管理,对比两组干预后心理状态及PTSD发生情况。结果:干预2周及随访6个月后,观察组PTSD发生率、事件应激量表、回避量表、Beck焦虑和抑郁量表、PTSD量表评分均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:在骨科患者临床护理中开展QCC管理能够有效改善患者心理状态,预防PTSD的发生,值得在临床中推广应用。     

创伤性骨折患者疼痛、心理弹性、疾病不确定感与创伤后应激障碍的关系

目的 调查创伤性骨折患者疼痛、心理弹性、疾病不确定感与创伤后应激发生现况,并分析几者关系。方法 选取创伤性骨折患者296例,于患者治疗3月后,采用一般资料调查表、创伤后应激障碍量表平民版(PCL-C)、心理弹性量表(CD-RISC)、疾病不确定感量表(MUIS-A)、疼痛视觉模拟评分法(VAS)对其进行调查。结果 创伤性骨折患者PCL-C总分为(33.34±6.73)分;CD-RISC总分为(58.09±6.17)分;创伤性骨折患者PCL-C总分与MUIS-A总分、VAS总分均呈正相关(r=0.132、0.411,P<0.05),与CD-RISC总分呈负相关(r=-0.374,P<0.01)。回归分析结果显示,疾病不确定感、疼痛对PTSD均有正向预测作用,心理弹性对PTSD有负向预测作用。结论 创伤性骨折患者疾病不确定感水平越重,心理弹性水平越低,患者的PTSD水平越高。医护人员应针对患者制定符合个性化需求的干预措施,降低患者疾病不确定感,提高患者心理弹性水平,从而减轻患者的PTSD水平,提高患者的身心健康及生活质量。     

经体外循环心脏手术病人创伤后应激障碍症状及相关因素研究

[目的]探讨经体外循环心脏手术病人创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)症状发生情况,探讨其相关因素。[方法]应用创伤后应激障碍筛查量表平民版(PCL-C)、心理弹性量表(CD-RISC)、儿童期创伤问卷(CTQ)及自制的一般资料问卷、应激源问卷对92例经体外循环心脏手术病人进行调查。[结果]7.61%的病人PTSD症状阳性;PTSD症状与感知到的应激源(P<0.01)、儿童期创伤经历(P<0.05)呈正相关,与心理弹性呈负相关(P<0.01);感知到的应激源、儿童期创伤经历、心理弹性因素进入PCL-C得分的回归方程,可解释总变异的37.5%。[结论]经体外循环心脏手术病人存在PTSD症状,病人感知到的应激源越多,儿童期创伤经历越多,PTSD症状水平越高;而心理弹性越好,PTSD症状越轻。     

颅脑损伤患者家属心理弹性及应对方式对其创伤后应激障碍的影响

目的探讨颅脑损伤患者家属心理弹性及应对方式对创伤后应激障碍发生的影响。方法运用创伤后应激障碍检查量表(平民版)、中文版心理弹性问卷、简易应对方式问卷,对149例住院颅脑损伤患者家属进行问卷调查。结果颅脑损伤患者家属创伤后应激障碍检查量表评分平均(39.83±12.81)分,34例家属(22.8%)创伤后应激障碍筛查阳性;相关分析结果显示,颅脑损伤患者家属创伤后应激障碍与心理弹性水平、积极应对方式呈负相关(P0.01),与消极应对方式呈正相关(P0.01),具有统计学意义。应对方式、心理弹性乐观性、患者生活自理程度、医疗费用、家属性别是颅脑损伤患者家属发生PTSD的主要影响因素。结论颅脑损伤患者家属创伤后应激障碍处于中重度水平,心理弹性对创伤后应激障碍有负向预测作用,积极应对方式对创伤后应激障碍具有正效应。     

亲子自我表露对青少年创伤后应激障碍病人创伤后成长的影响

目的:探讨亲子自我表露对青少年创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)病人创伤后成长的影响。方法:选取2021年6月—2022年3月80例青少年PTSD病人为研究对象,将病人随机分为观察组及对照组各40例。对照组行常规护理,观察组实施亲子自我表露干预,干预3个月。比较两组病人干预前后心理弹性、自我表露、疾病不确定感及创伤后成长评分。结果:干预后观察组病人心理弹性总评分、自我表露评分及创伤后成长评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。干预后观察组病人疾病不确定感评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:亲子自我表露能有效减轻青少年PTSD病人疾病不确定感,增强病人心理弹性及自我表露,从而促进病人创伤后成长。     

加速康复外科护理对预防成人心脏术后创伤后应激障碍的效果

目的:探讨加速康复外科护理在预防成人心脏术后创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)中的应用效果。方法:选择2015年6月~2017年6月我院120例体外循环心脏手术患者,将患者随机等分为研究组和对照组,研究组患者实施心外科常规护理模式的同时,应用加速康复外科理念实施护理;对照组的患者实施常规护理模式。采用PTSD量表(PCL-C)评估两组患者护理后的PTSD症状阳性率、症状水平。结果:研究组患者的PTSD症状阳性率是3.33%,对照组患者的PTSD症状阳性率是13.33%,研究组阳性率低于对照组(P0.05);术后两组患者不同时间PCL-C量表得分比较研究组低于对照组(P0.05);通过进行对比两组患者的警觉性增高、重体验、回避/麻木症状阳性率情况,研究组低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:对于预防成人心脏术后PTSD中实施加速康复外科理念,能够有效降低患者PTSD症状阳性发生率,降低PTSD症状水平,同时提升患者的生活质量。     

前臂离断再植患者创伤后应激障碍的心理干预

目的探讨心理干预对前臂离断再植患者创伤后应激障碍发生的影响。方法对86例前臂离断再植患者入院24 h内采用创伤后应激障碍自评量表(PTSD-SS)评定,PTSD总分≥50分为PTSD阳性高危患者,即对高危患者从促进适应过程、控制应激原、排遣不良反应3个切入点入手,进行认知行为疗法、森田疗法等进行心理干预,入院7 d再次采用PTSD-SS进行评定。结果 PTSD阳性患者PTSD-SS自评量表评分从(53.32±11.45)分降低到(46.24±10.23)分(P0.05),阳性率从36.04%降到20.93%(P0.05),特别是反复重现体验、警觉性增高条目得分降低。结论心理干预能降低PTSD的发生率,提高患者的应对能力,促进前臂再植成活率的提高。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.