补充牛磺酸对高胆固醇血症大鼠脂代谢的影响

目的 研究不同剂量水平的牛磺酸对高胆固醇血症大鼠脂质代谢的影响.方法 将断乳SD大鼠40只,经高脂饲料诱导成高胆固醇血症模型后,按体重和血浆总胆固醇均衡的原则分为5组,以高脂饲料和正常饲料为对照组,其余3组分别在高脂饲料的基础上添加不同水平(0.6%、1.35%、3%)的牛磺酸,观察牛磺酸对大鼠脂质代谢的影响,实验持续5周.结果 与高脂对照组相比,不同剂量水平的牛磺酸均可显着影响大鼠血浆脂质水平,降低AI;06%剂量水平的牛磺酸可显着升高大鼠血浆HDL-C、Apo-Al,降低血浆Apo-B水平;1.35%和3%剂量的牛磺酸对降低血浆TC、LDL-C、TG及肝脏TC,升高HDL-C/LDL-C的比值,促进粪胆汁酸排泄效果较好,其中3%剂量水平的牛磺酸效果最明显.结论 补充牛磺酸对高胆固醇血症大鼠有很好的降脂作用.     

补充牛磺酸对正常大鼠脂代谢的影响

为研究不同牛磺酸水平对正常大鼠血脂的影响 ,将 40只断乳SD大鼠用基础饲料喂养一周后 ,按体重和血浆总胆固醇均衡的原则分为 4组 ,对照组进食正常饲料 ,其余 3组分别在基础饲料的基础上添加不同水平 (6、1.35和 3g kg饲料 )的牛磺酸 ;实验 5周后 ,观察牛磺酸对大鼠血脂的影响。结果表明 ,与正常对照组相比 ,不同剂量的牛磺酸均可显著影响大鼠血浆脂质水平 ;6g kg牛磺酸降低血清总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇效果最明显 ,13.5g kg牛磺酸可显著降低血清甘油三酯、载脂蛋白 B水平 ,促进粪胆汁酸排泄 ;30g kg牛磺酸对降低大鼠肝脏总胆固醇、升高血清载脂蛋白效果较好。     

牛磺酸的不同摄入水对生长期鼠和鸡脑发育与神经递质作用的研究

目的：观察不同水平牛磺酸对生长期大鼠和鸡脑神经递质代谢及脑发育的影响,探讨其在不同种属动物体中发挥生物效能的作用机制及特点。方法：采用幼鼠和雏鸡作为实验对象：（1）健康清洁级、断乳雌性SOD大鼠32只,按体重随机分为4组。A组为对照组,B、C和D为3个水平（即0．6％,1．35％和3％）牛磺酸补充组;（2）健康海兰褐壳蛋雏鸡（1,3周龄）40只,每个周龄组按体重随机分为4组,A组为对照组,B、C、D为牛站充组（即0．12％,0．6％和1．35％）。结果（1）牛磺酸能显著提高幼鼠和雏鸡脑牛磺酸积累和蛋白质水平,且呈现一定的剂量－反应关系;（2）一定浓度的牛磺酸可增加雏鸡病AChE的合成,但高于此范围则表现出抑制作用;（3）牛磺酸可抑制幼鼠和雏鸡脑5－HT和5－HIAA的合成,结论：牛磺酸能调节幼鼠和雏鸡脑某些神经递质的释放,且在不同种系动物对补充牛磺酸反应性不同。     

高能饲料对大鼠脂类代谢,脂质过氧化反应等影响的研究

目的 为探讨高能饲料对大鼠脂类代谢，脂质过氧化反应等多方面的影响。方法 将２０只Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠随机分２组，对照组喂养基础饲料，实验组喂饲能量超出基础饲料１０％的高能饲料，１２周后，实验线大鼠体重明显超出对照组，形成营养性肥胖大鼠。测全部大鼠的血脂、肝脂、血浆脂质过氧化指标等。结果 实验 大鼠血脂、肝脂均明显升高；血浆脂质过氧化大学增高，抗氧化能力下降。结论高能饲料存在明显的致动脉粥样硬化倾向。     

果胶对大鼠血脂及抗氧化功能的影响

目的 研究不同剂量的果胶对高脂血症大鼠的血脂及抗氧化功能的影响。方法 根据血清总胆固醇和体重将Wistar大鼠随机分为5组，以正常饲料和高脂饲料为对照组，低、中、高剂量组分别喂饲不同水平(5％，10％，20％)的果胶，测定血脂和抗氧化功能指标。结果 各剂量水平果胶均可显著降低大鼠的摄食；同高脂对照组相比。中剂量和高剂量组大鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三脂(TG)水平显著降低。且中剂量组血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平提高，各剂量组血清丙二醛(MDA)水平均降低，低剂量组和中剂量组的血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)水平无显著性变化。结论 果胶对高脂血症大鼠的血脂有调节作用，并且降低其体内的脂质过氧化水平；高剂量果胶对大鼠机体产生副作用。     

牛磺酸与大鼠视网膜代谢型谷氨酸受体基因表达

目的探讨膳食添加牛磺酸大鼠在光照和暗环境中视网膜代谢型谷氨酸受体6亚型(mGluR6)的mRNA表达的相互关系。方法36只断乳大鼠随机分为3组：对照组、牛磺酸低剂量组及牛磺酸高剂量组(分别在饲料中添加0．3％和0．6％的牛磺酸)．营养干预4周后，再随机分为光照组和暗环境组，继续喂养3d。用RT—PCR技术检测光照和暗环境下大鼠视网膜mGluR6的mRNA表达。结果暗环境下mGluR6的mRNA表达显著高于光照环境。在光照及暗环境中牛磺酸高、低剂量组mGluR6的mRNA表达均较对照组增加，以光照状态下的增加更为明显；光照时。高剂量组的mRNA表达明显高于低剂量组；暗环境下，高、低剂量组之间差异无统计学意义。结论在光照及暗环境中，牛磺酸可明显增加大鼠mGluR6的mRNA表达，有助于其参与调节视网膜的视杆信号传递。     

染料木黄酮对高脂饮食喂养大鼠肝脏脂质代谢和AMPK磷酸化的影响

目的探讨染料木黄酮（Gen）对高脂饮食喂养大鼠肝脂质代谢和肝脏腺苷酸环化酶蛋白激酶（AMPK）磷酸化的影响。方法36只大鼠适应性喂养1周后随机分为4组：正常对照组（正常组）、模型对照组（模型组）、Gen高剂量干预组（Gen高组）和Gen低剂量干预组（Gen低组）。正常组大鼠给予基础饲料D12450B（脂肪供能占10％）喂养,模型组给予D12492高脂饲料（脂肪供能占60％）喂养,Gen高组给予D12492高脂饲料喂养和8mg／kgGen灌胃干预,Gen低组给予D12492高脂饲料喂养和4mg／kgGen灌胃干预。持续喂养12周后,处死所有大鼠。取血和肝组织进行相关指标的检测。全自动生化检测仪检测血清和肝组织匀浆甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL—C）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL—C）水平,游离脂肪酸（FFA）试剂盒检测血清和肝组织匀浆FFA水平,Westernblot法检测肝组织总AMPK和磷酸化腺苷酸环化酶蛋白激酶（pAMPK）的表达。结果与正常组比,模型组大鼠肝脏血清和肝组织TG、TC、FFA及血清LDL—C明显升高（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）,肝组织pAMPK水平显著降低（P〈0．01）。与模型组相比,Gen低组大鼠血FFA、肝FFA和TG含量明显降低（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）;Gen高组大鼠血TC、TG、LDL—C、FFA和肝TG、FFA含量明显低于模型组大鼠（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。与模型对照组相比,低、高剂量Gen干预均能显著上调pAMPK水平（P〈0．01和P〈0．05）;但各组大鼠肝组织总AMPK水平差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论染料木黄酮能够改善12周高脂饮食诱导的大鼠肝脂肪代谢紊乱,减轻肝脏脂质沉积,其作用机制可能与其增加pAMPK水平有关。     

维生素E对大鼠抗氧化能力及DNA损伤影响

目的观察补充维生素E（VE）对大鼠抗氧化能力及DNA氧化损伤的影响。方法将42只健康初断乳Wistar大鼠。随机分为对照组、S1、S2组。各组饲料VE含量分别为24．18，70．83，114．04mg／kg，实验期为8周。实验结束后采集血样，分别采用荧光法测定血浆vE水平，采用试剂盒检测血浆谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH—Px）及丙二醛（MDA）含量，并通过单细胞凝胶电泳法检测淋巴细胞DNA氧化损伤情况。结果S1、S2组血浆VE含量较对照组明显升高（P〈0．01）；S1、S2组血浆GSH．Px和MDA含量与对照组间差异无统计学意义；Ⅶ干预各组淋巴细胞DNA自发损伤无明显差别，在5，10，25μmol／L的H2O2作用下，各组损伤均明显加重，但组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论本实验补充剂量的VE对于健康幼年大鼠血浆GSH-Px及脂质过氧化产物MDA的含量无显著影响；对淋巴细胞DNA自发损伤及不同浓度H2O2诱导的DNA氧化损伤，单纯补充VE亦未表现出明显的保护作用。     

破壁松花粉对大鼠降血脂效应及作用机制研究

目的研究破壁松花粉对高血脂模型动物血脂的影响。方法采用大鼠给予高脂饲料建立高血脂模型，试验前检测血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL—C)含量。根据TC水平，将大鼠随机分成5组：阴性对照组、高脂模型组和1．0、2．0、3．0g／kg3个剂量组，预防性给予松花粉1个月，再次检测TC、TG和HDL—C含量。结果与模型对照组比较，松花粉中、高剂量组TC降低，高剂量组TG降低，高剂量组HDL—C升高，差异有显著性。结论破壁松花粉对大鼠实验性高脂的形成具有一定的预防控制效应。     

牛磺酸和鸡冠花提取物对大鼠血清锌、铜、钙的影响

ＳＤ大鼠４０只，喂基础饲料预试验观察１周后，随机分为阴性对照组（ＮＧ）、高脂对照组（ＨＦ）、牛磺酸（ＴＡ）组、鸡冠花提取物（ＥＣ）组，每组１０只。ＮＧ组喂基础饲料，其余各组均喂高脂饲料，连续８周；ＴＡ组每日灌胃ＴＡ１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ，ＥＣ组。每日灌胃ＥＣ１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ。结果表明，牛磺酸和鸡冠花提取物不仅能显著增加高脂大鼠红细胞ＳＯＤ水平，降低动脉壁ＴＣ、ＭＤＥ及血清ＬＤＨ含量（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１），而且可显著提高血清锌含量（Ｐ＜０．０５），同时鸡冠花可提高高脂大鼠血清铜含量（Ｐ＜０．０１）。牛磺酸和鸡冠花显著地降低了高脂大鼠的血清铜／锌比值（Ｐ＜０．０１），并有降低血清钙的作用。提示牛磺酸和鸡冠花可能通过调节体内的锌、铜、钙水平，进而影响脂质代谢及动脉粥样硬化形成     

牛磺酸与高脂膳对二甲基苯蒽诱发大鼠乳癌的影响

目的 :　探讨牛磺酸和 /或高脂饲料对二甲基苯蒽 ( DMBA)诱发大鼠乳腺癌的影响 ,初步探讨其可能的机制。方法 :　初断乳雌性 SD大鼠 1 0 1只 ,随机分为牛磺酸组 ( Tau)、牛磺酸 +高脂组 ( TH)、高脂组 ( HF)和对照组 ( CL) ,于 6w龄灌胃给予 DMBA后 ,分别饲以不同饲料。实验期 2 6w,实验结束时处死全部动物 ,检查肿瘤发生情况并进行血清抗氧化、血脂及免疫学指标检测。结果 :　Tau组乳腺肿瘤发生率低于 HF组而与 CL组差异未见显著性 ;平均瘤重 Tau组低于 CL组和 HF组 ;各组肿瘤平均潜伏期未见明显差异。与 CL组比较 ,Tau组血清 SOD、GSH- Px活力增高 ,LDL- C、MDA含量下降 ;HF组可见 GSH- Px活力和抗体生成能力下降 ,血清 TC升高 ;而添加了 Tau的高脂饲料组 ( TH)则仅出现了 GSH- Px活力的下降。结论 :　膳食中补充 5 %牛磺酸对诱发肿瘤的生长具有一定的抑制作用 ,并在一定程度上对抗高脂膳食的促癌作用。该作用可能是通过调节免疫功能、增强抗氧化能力及调节脂代谢等多种途径实现的     

两种脂肪代用品对大鼠脂质代谢的影响

目的 :　研究蔗糖多酯 ( SPE)和含短链脂肪酸结构脂 (低能量脂肪 ) ( TRIS)两种脂肪代用品对大鼠脂质代谢的影响及其脂肪代用品在慢性疾病膳食干预中的作用。方法 :　以 2 0 %玉米油、1 0 % SPE+ 1 0 %玉米油、2 0 % TRIS分别喂给 Wistar雄性大鼠 30 d,测定血糖 ,血清 TG、TC、HDL- C、LDL- C、Apo A- 、Apo B。结果 :　SPE和 TRIS能显著降低能量摄入和大鼠体重 ,分别为 8.1 %、4.1 %和 1 2 .3%、1 6.0 % ;SPE和 TRIS能有效降低血糖、TG、TC、LDL- C、VLDL- C、Apo B,升高 HDL- C和 Apo A- 。其中对 TC/HDL- C、LDL- C/HDL - C、Apo B/Apo A- 的降低作用TRIS大于 SPE。结论 :　 SPE和 TRIS作为脂肪代用品都能有效控制大鼠能量摄入 ,调节大鼠脂质代谢 ,TRIS的作用优于 SPE。     

Dietary taurine or glycine supplementation reduces plasma and liver cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in rats fed a cholesterol-free diet

The effects of dietary supplementation of taurine or glycine, the two amino acids involved in bile acid conjugation in the liver, on plasma and hepatic lipid concentrations were evaluated in rats fed a cholesterol-free diet. Three groups of male rats (140150g) were fed a cholesterol-free diet (CFD), a taurine-supplemented diet (TSD; CFD + 1.5% taurine) or a glycine-supplemented diet (GSD; CFD + 1.5% glycine) for 5 weeks. There was no significant difference in organ weights and cumulative body weight gain between groups at the end of the experimental period. Plasma triglyceride level was significantly lower in rats fed the TSD (53% decrease, P<0.001) compared to those fed the CFD. Both TSD and GSD significantly lowered the plasma levels of total cholesterol (40% decrease in TSD, p<0.001 and 27% decrease in GSD, p<0.001, respectively) and LDL-plus VLDL-cholesterol (50% decrease in TSD, p<0.05 and 39% decrease in GSD, p<0.01, respectively) compared to the values for CFD. Liver cholesterol concentration was not significantly influenced by the dietary supplementation of taurine or glycine. However, both TSD and GSD showed significantly lower hepatic triglyceride concentrations (43% and 53% decreases in TSD and GSD, p<0.001, respectively), and elevated hepatic free fatty acid levels (77% increases in both groups, p<0.001) compared to the values for CFD. These results suggest the possible roles of dietary taurine or glycine as hypocholesterolemic and/or hypotriglyceridemic agents.     

Hepatic cysteine dioxygenase activity and sulfur amino acid metabolism in rats: possible indicators in the evaluation of protein quality

Experiments were carried out to examine the possibility that the sulfur amino acid metabolism of rats may be an indicator of the nutritional value of dietary protein. Rats were fed diets containing 8, 16 or 24% of gluten, soy protein or casein for 3 wk. Hepatic cysteine dioxygenase activity, hepatic concentration of glutathione, cysteine and taurine and urinary taurine were examined. In addition, the sulfur amino acid metabolism of rats fed these diets fortified with the appropriate first limiting amino acid for 7 d was also examined. High urinary taurine excretion was observed in the three gluten groups, whereas very low urinary taurine excretion was observed with up to 24% soy protein or up to 16% casein. The hepatic hepatic cysteine dioxygenase activities of the gluten diet groups were higher than those of corresponding soy protein or casein diet groups, except that of rats fed the 24% casein diet. The hepatic concentrations of both glutathione and cysteine in gluten diet groups were also higher than those of corresponding soy protein or casein diet groups, except 24% soy protein and 16 and 24% casein diet groups. In rats fed the casein or soy protein diets urinary taurine excretion and hepatic cysteine dioxygenase activity increased with increasing methionine supplementation, the first limiting amino acid. Conversely, in rats fed the gluten diet both urinary taurine excretion and hepatic cysteine dioxygenase activity decreased with increasing lysine supplementation, the first limiting amino acid. These findings suggest that urinary taurine excretion and hepatic cysteine dioxygenase activity may be useful as sensitive indicators of the nutritional value of dietary protein.     

Isoflavone and Protein Constituents of Lactic Acid-Fermented Soy Milk Combine to Prevent Dyslipidemia in Rats Fed a High Cholesterol Diet

A high cholesterol diet induces dyslipidemia. This study investigated whether isoflavone aglycones in lactic acid-fermented soy milk (LFS) improve lipid metabolism in rats fed a high cholesterol diet. Male Sprague-Dawley rats aged seven weeks were fed an AIN-93G diet, a 1% cholesterol diet (a high cholesterol diet), a high-cholesterol diet containing 4% isoflavone extract of LFS (LFS extract diet), a high-cholesterol diet containing 19.4% ethanol-washed LFS (ethanol-washed LFS diet, isoflavone-poor diet), or a high cholesterol diet containing 23.2% intact LFS (intact LFS diet) for five weeks. The plasma total cholesterol (TC) level was increased in the rats fed the LFS extract diet compared with those fed the high cholesterol diet. The TC level was decreased by the intact LFS and ethanol-washed LFS diets. The cholesterol-lowering effect was stronger in the rats fed the intact LFS diet than those fed the ethanol-washed LFS diet. The plasma triglyceride (TG) level was unchanged in the rats fed the LFS extract diet, but it decreased in rats fed the intact LFS and ethanol-washed LFS diets. Although, compared with the high cholesterol diet, the LFS extract and ethanol-washed LFS diets did not reduce hepatic cholesterol and TG, both levels were remarkably lowered by the intact LFS diet. These results suggest that the improvement in lipid metabolism of rats fed a high-cholesterol diet containing LFS isoflavone aglycones is not due to an independent effect but due to a cooperative effect with soy protein.     

Effect of Chlorella vulgaris on lipid metabolism in Wistar rats fed high fat diet

This study was performed to investigate effects of Chlorella vulgaris on lipid metabolism in rats fed high fat diet. Sixty 6-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into two groups; normal diet group and high fat diet group, then the rats in each group were further divided into three subgroups and fed 0%, 5% and 10% (w/w) chlorella-containing diets, respectively, and raised for 9 weeks. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and total protein and albumin concentration were not different among groups. Serum total lipids and liver TG concentration were significantly lower in 5% and 10% chlorella groups than 0% chlorella group in high fat diet groups (p<0.05). Serum TG, serum total cholesterol, liver total lipid and liver total cholesterol concentrations were significantly lower in 10% chlorella groups than 0% chlorella group in high fat diet groups (p<0.05). Fecal total lipid, TG and total cholesterol excretions were significantly higher in 5% and 10% chlorella groups than 0% chlorella groups in normal diet and high fat diet groups, respectively (p<0.05). These results suggest that Chlorella vulgaris is effective for prevention of dyslipidemia which may be due to the modulation of lipid metabolism and increased fecal excretion of lipid.     

不同n-3/n-6多不饱和脂肪酸构成比膳食对大鼠一磷酸腺苷活化蛋白激酶表达的影响

目的研究不同n-3/n-6配比脂肪酸对大鼠磷酸腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMP-activated protein kinase,AMPK)蛋白及活性表达的影响。方法58只SD大鼠适应性喂养7d后,尾静脉取血。根据血清总胆固醇水平随机分为:空白(基础饲料);高脂(高脂饲料);高脂1:1(高脂饲料+n-3/n-6=1:1配方油);高脂1:5(高脂饲料+n3/n6=1:5配方油);低脂1:1(脱脂基础饲料+n-3/n-6=1:1配方油);低脂1:5(脱脂基础饲料+n3/n6=1:5配方油)6组,喂养45d,观察大鼠摄食与体重增长。于实验前1d,15d,30d,45d分别各取血测血清总胆固醇水平,于D45处死动物。Western blotting分别分析肝和下丘脑组织中AMPK-α总蛋白及其活性表达。结果添加PUFA的4个比例组血清TC、体重与高脂组相比,显著降低,且低脂2个比例组和高脂1:1组均与高脂1:5组相比有显著差异。添加PUFA的4个比例组均与高脂组相比,大鼠下丘脑AMPK-α总蛋白表达水平明显降低,肝AMPK-α蛋白表达水平均比高脂组明显升高。结论PUFA改善血脂可能是通过增加肝AMPK表达,抑制下丘脑AMPK表达,增加肝脂肪酸氧化和抑制食欲,影响血脂代谢。     

Dietary taurine alters ascorbic acid metabolism in rats fed diets containing polychlorinated biphenyls

The effect of dietary taurine on ascorbic acid metabolism and hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes was investigated in rats fed diets containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) to determine whether taurine has an adaptive and protective function in xenobiotic-treated animals. Young male Wistar rats (60 g) were fed diets containing 0 or 0.2 g/kg diet PCB with or without 30 g/kg diet of taurine for 14 d. The rats fed the PCB-containing diets had greater liver weight, higher ascorbic acid concentrations in the liver and spleen and greater hepatic cytochrome P-450 contents than control rats that were not treated with PCB (P < 0.01). In PCB-fed rats, urinary ascorbic acid excretion was enhanced, and serum cholesterol concentration (especially HDL-cholesterol) was significantly elevated compared with those in control rats. Dietary taurine significantly potentiated the increases in the urinary excretion of ascorbic acid and the rise in the levels of cytochrome P-450 which were caused by PCB treatment. On the other hand, the supplementation of taurine to control diet did not alter these variables. Taurine may enhance the hepatic drug-metabolizing systems, leading to the stimulation of the ascorbic acid metabolism in rats fed diets containing PCB.     

Effects of taurine on plasma and liver lipids, erythrocyte ouabain sensitive Na efflux and platelet aggregation in Sprague Dawley rats

The effects of taurine on plasma and liver cholesterol, erythrocyte ouabain sensitive Na efflux and platelet aggregation were examined in Sprague Dawley rats fed control or 0.5% cholesterol with 0.2% cholate diet. Plasma and liver levels of total cholesterol were increased significantly (p<0.05) in rats fed cholesterol diet compared to the control, and taurine significantly decreased the elevated plasma level of cholesterol in rats fed cholesterol diet (p<0.05). HDL-cholesterol was decreased in groups fed the cholesterol diet regardless of taurine supplementation and the difference between groups with and without cholesterol was significant (p<0.01). Plasma triglyceride was decreased and liver triglyceride was increased both significantly (p<0.05) in rats fed cholesterol compared to the control. Plasma and liver triglyceride in rats fed taurine was decreased significantly compared to the control (p<0.05). Intracellular Na tended to be lower in rats fed cholesterol or taurine and higher in rats fed cholesterol plus taurine compared to the control. Na efflux through Na-K ATPase and the passive leak of Na was somewhat reduced in rats fed cholesterol or taurine and was augmented in rats fed cholesterol plus taurine compared to the control, which showed a similar trend to the intracellular Na. Taurine supplementation caused a suppression of Na efflux in groups fed control diet and restored the suppressed Na efflux in groups fed cholesterol. Platelet aggregation was significantly decreased in the group fed taurine compared to the control (p<0.05) and the group fed cholesterol plus taurine was also a little lower in aggregation than the group fed cholesterol. Microscopic examination showed that taurine prevented fatty liver in rats fed cholesterol diet. Taurine known for stimulating Na-K ATPase in some cell types rather decreased erythrocyte ouabain sensitive Na-K ATPase in the present study. Taurine had hypolipidemic and hypocholesterolemic effects and inhibited platelet aggregation which may be favorable for prevention of cardiovascular diseases.