二连浩特口岸羊寄生蜱种类及蜱媒病原调查

目的调查二连浩特羊寄生蜱种类及蜱携带病原情况。方法对蜱进行形态学种类鉴定,然后提取单只蜱DNA基因组及总RNA,使用PCR技术对莱姆病螺旋体、Q热立克次体、巴贝西原虫、斑点热立克次体、无形体、森林脑炎病毒、布尼亚病毒、克里米亚-刚果出血热病毒等病原体进行检测。结果共采集羊寄生蜱439只,包括亚东璃眼蜱、森林革蜱、草原血蜱。从森林革蜱中检测到斑点热立克次体1例,检出率为0.227 8%,其他病原未检出。结论在二连浩特口岸地区蜱种中存在斑点热立克次体感染。     

二连浩特口岸鼠体寄生蜱感染病原体调查

目的 调查二连浩特口岸鼠体寄生蜱种群组成及自然感染病原体情况.方法 从捕获的鼠体上收集寄生蜱,提取单只蜱DNA基因组及总RNA,采用PCR或RT-PCR方法检测莱姆病螺旋体、Q热立克次体、巴贝西原虫、斑点热立克次体、无形体、森林脑炎病毒、布尼亚病毒、克里米亚-刚果出血热病毒.结果 共采集鼠体寄生蜱152只,分别为草原血蜱、银盾革蜱和亚东璃眼蜱,其中草原血蜱为优势种,占捕获总数的98.03％.从草原血蜱、银盾革蜱和亚东璃眼蜱中检测到斑点热立克次体19份,检出率为12.50％,其他病原体检测均为阴性.结论 二连浩特口岸地区存在斑点热立克次体自然疫源地.     

新疆和硕地区主要蜱类及蜱媒病原体调查

目的 调查新疆和硕地区主要蜱的种类、种群分布及蜱媒病原体的自然感染情况.方法 采用布旗法和动物体表检查法采集蜱标本,采用PCR方法进行病原检测.结果 从和硕地区清水河农场、乌什塔拉乡、乃仁克尔乡、曲惠乡、塔哈其乡和新塔热乡共采集蜱367只,分属3属4种;其中亚洲璃眼蜱占47.41％(174/367),短小扇头蜱占37.60％(138/367),为当地优势蜱种;经PCR扩增出3种蜱媒病原体的特异性DNA片段,比对显示与莱姆病伯氏疏螺旋体、嗜吞噬细胞无形体以及斑点热群立克次体有高度同源性;莱姆病螺旋体检出18个阳性,阳性率为4.90％;嗜吞噬细胞无形体检出4个阳性,阳性率为1.09％;斑点热群立克次体检出11个阳性,阳性率为3.00％.结论 和硕地区蜱中存在莱姆病、人粒细胞无形体病以及斑点热的病原体感染.     

长白山地区几种蜱媒传染病的血清学调查研究

目的为了解长白山地区正常人群蜱媒传染病的感染状况。方法采集长白山部分地区正常人血清629份,应用间接免疫荧光试验检测5种蜱传病原体的血清抗体,应用SPSS软件进行χ2检验,P〈0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果调查地区人群5种蜱传病原体的感染普遍,抗体阳性率分别为斑点热立克次体11.92%、莱姆病螺旋体7.15%、贝氏柯克斯体7.14%、森林脑炎病毒4.45%、查菲埃立克体3.18%,斑点热立克次体明显高于其他4种病原体（χ2=13.431,P〈0.01）,莱姆病螺旋体和贝氏柯克斯体高于蜱传脑炎病毒和查菲埃立克体（χ2=11.061,P〈0.05）。阳性率分布的比较,长白山脉北部、中部地区的6市县阳性率有差别,但无统计学意义（χ2=8.759,P〉0.05）,珲春地区明显高于南部地区桓仁（χ2=11.579,P〈0.01）。调查地区存在西伯利亚和黑龙江立克次体感染,黑龙江立克次体阳性率（9.1%）明显高于西伯利亚立克次体（2.4%）,差异有统计学意义（χ2=11.267,P〈0.01）。结论长白山地区人群5种蜱媒传染病感染普遍。提示调查地区存在其自然疫源地,应积极做好蜱媒传染病防治及蜱叮咬的防护工作。     

三种蜱媒传染病在媒介蜱和鼠类中复合感染的研究

目的 了解中国部分地区埃立克体病和其他蜱媒传染病病原体的复合感染情况。方法 运用聚合酶链反应方法对内蒙古自治区、黑龙江省、北京市的蜱和鼠类标本粒细胞埃立克体、莱姆病螺旋体、斑点热群立克次体的感染进行检测，对福建省的蜱和鼠脾脏标本中查菲埃立克体、斑点热立克次体及莱姆病螺旋体的感染情况进行检测。结果 内蒙古采集的全沟硬蜱408只，人粒细胞埃立克体感染率68％，莱姆病螺旋体感染率7．8％，斑点热群立克次体感染率45．6％，其中粒细胞埃立克体与莱姆病螺旋体复合感染标本5份(5／408)，粒细胞埃立克体与斑点热群立克次体复合感染标本1份(1／408)。黑龙江采集的46只全沟硬蜱中人粒细胞埃立克体感染率6．5％，莱姆病螺旋体感染率10．8％，斑点热群立克次体感染率34．8％，其中粒细胞埃立克体与莱姆病螺旋体复合感染标本1份(1／46)。北京市采集的蜱类标本922只，有2只检测到莱姆病螺旋体的DNA片段。福建省宁化地区采集的优势蜱种越原血蜱283组(659只)中，查菲埃立克体最小阳性率为3．8％(25组阳性)，38份野鼠脾脏的阳性率为564％(21只阳性)，检测出有2只(2／659)蜱同时感染了粒细胞埃立克体和斑点热群立克次体，野鼠的脾脏标本中，也发现有一只同时感染了查菲埃立克体和斑点热立克次体。结论 人粒细胞埃立克体和莱姆病螺旋体复合感染以及查菲埃立克体和斑点热群立克次体复合感染可能在特定地区发生；其地区的蜱类、鼠类存在着极低的复合感染。     

新疆尉犁荒漠地区蜱中主要蜱传疾病病原检测

目的 调查尉犁荒漠地区蜱的种群组成和分布及自然感染莱姆病、Q热、巴贝西原虫病、斑点热和人粒细胞无形体病病原体情况.方法 采用布旗法和动物体表搜集法采集蜱标本,PCR法进行病原检测.结果 在尉犁地区共采集蜱519只,隶属2属3种,分别为短小扇头蜱、图兰扇头蜱和亚洲璃眼蜱;短小扇头蜱为该地区的优势种,占捕获总数的88.25％.只在短小扇头蜱中检出2种蜱传疾病病原体,分别是斑点热群立克次体和无形体,检出率分别为6.27％和3.53％.结论 斑点热群立克次体和无形体在尉犁地区蜱中有不同程度的自然感染.     

黑龙江口岸新发蜱传疾病的调查

目的调查黑龙江口岸地区蜱携带新发蜱传病原体的情况。方法针对黑龙江省5个中俄边境口岸,2014年4-6月采集蜱类样本188份,利用PCR方法分别扩增5种新发蜱传病原体的特异性核酸片段,通过基因测序进一步鉴定并分型。结果共检测出莱姆病螺旋体(Borrelia burgdorferi)阳性样本11例,巴贝西原虫(Babesia)1例,斑点热群立克次体(spotted fever group rickettsia)101例,巴尔通体(Bartonella)6例,嗜吞噬细胞无形体(Anaplasma phagocytophilum)10例,感染率分别为5.85%、0.53%、53.7%、3.72%、5.32%。共发现8种病原体,分别是嘎氏疏螺旋体(Borrelia afzelii)、伽氏疏螺旋体(Borrelia garinii)、巴贝西原虫属(Babesia sp.)、劳氏立克次体(Rickettsia raoultii)、新塔拉塞维奇立克次体(Candidatus Rickettsia tarasevichiae)、黑龙江立克次体(Rickettsia heilongjiangensis)、巴尔通体属(Bartonella sp.)、嗜吞噬细胞无形体(Anaplasma phagocytophilum)。结论黑龙江中俄边境存在新发蜱传疾病多样性的特征,提示应重点关注斑点热群立克次体感染,并开展蜱及蜱传疾病的常态监测。     

黑龙江密山口岸三种蜱媒传染病在媒介蜱中复合感染的调查

目的调查黑龙江密山口岸三种蜱媒传染病在媒介蜱中复合感染的情况。方法采集蜱类标本44份,建立伯氏疏螺旋体(Borrelia burgdorferi)、斑点热群立克次体(spotted fever group rickettsia)、嗜吞噬细胞无形体(anaplasma phagocytophilum)三种新发蜱传疾病病原体特异性通用引物,利用PCR方法对所有标本进行特异性片段扩增,对阳性标本测序并进行序列分析。结果在所检测的44份标本中,共检测出伯氏疏螺旋体阳性标本4份,斑点热群立克次体阳性标本6份,嗜吞噬细胞无形体阳性标本2份,感染率分别为13.63%、9.10%和4.55%。在全沟硬蜱检测到两份分别是莱姆病螺旋体与斑点热群立克次体及嗜吞噬细胞无形体和斑点热群立克次体的复合感染,复合感染率为4.55%。结论黑龙江密山地区至少存在两种莱姆病螺旋体(Borrelia garinii,Borrelia afzelii),三种斑点热群立克次体(Rickettsia raoultii,Candidatus Rickettsia tarasevichiae,Rickettsia heilongjiangensis),和嗜吞噬细胞无形体(anaplasma phagocytophilum);全沟硬蜱存在复合感染。     

2010年中蒙边境甘其毛都口岸地区蜱携带病原体调查研究

目的为了解中蒙边境蜱传疾病病原体携带情况,对2010年中蒙联合监测小组在内蒙古乌拉特中旗甘其毛都口岸地区采集的162只亚东璃眼蜱进行病原体检测。方法采用RT-PCR法检测蜱标本中的森林脑炎病毒、克里米亚-刚果出血热病毒、布尼亚病毒,PCR方法检测蜱标本中的伯氏疏螺旋体、西伯利亚立克次体、贝氏柯克斯体,嗜吞噬细胞无形体。结果森林脑炎病毒、克里米亚-刚果出血热病毒、布尼亚病毒、嗜吞噬细胞无形体检测结果均为阴性,PCR方法检出5例伯氏疏螺旋体、3例西伯利亚立克次体、16例贝氏柯克斯体,检出率分别为3.7%、2.2%和11.9%,并发现2例伯氏疏螺旋体和贝氏柯克斯体复合感染的情况。结论中蒙边境地区蜱携带伯氏疏螺旋体、贝氏柯克斯体和西伯利亚立克次体等病原体,应有针对性地加强当地蜱类和蜱传疾病的监测和防控。     

新疆维吾尔自治区夏尔西里自然保护区全沟硬蜱复合感染蜱媒病原研究

目的 了解新疆维吾尔自治区(新疆)夏尔西里自然保护区全沟硬蜱蜱媒病原复合感染情况。方法 2012年6月至2013年6月在新疆夏尔西里自然保护区采用布旗法采集全沟硬蜱,通过巢式PCR方法对蜱体内莱姆病伯氏疏螺旋体[Borrelia(B.) burgdorferi] 5S~23S rRNA 基因间隔区、无形体(Anaplasma)16S rRNA基因、斑点热立克次体(Rickettsia)ompA基因、Q热贝氏柯克斯体Coxiella(C.)burneti的com1基因、巴贝西原虫(Babesia)的Nss-rRNA基因进行扩增。结果 204只全沟硬蜱中104只蜱病原检测阳性,阳性率为50.98%,其中伯氏疏螺旋体阳性率为34.31%(n=70),斑点热立克次体阳性率为28.92%(n=59),嗜吞噬细胞无形体阳性率为9.31%(n=19),未检出Q热贝氏柯克斯体和巴贝西原虫。χ²检验显示,不同病原感染率差异有统计学意义(χ²=38.517,P=0.000)。204只蜱中有39只存在复合感染,复合感染率为19.12%(39/204),在病原检测阳性蜱中复合感染率为37.50%(39/104)。伯氏疏螺旋体与斑点热立克次体复合感染率为16.18%(n=33);伯氏疏螺旋体与嗜吞噬细胞无形体复合感染率为4.90%(n=10),斑点热立克次体与嗜吞噬细胞无形体复合感染率为2.94%(n=6),3种病原体复合感染率为2.45%(n=5)。经χ²检验,3种病原混合感染率差异有统计学意义(χ²=41.328,P=0.000)。结论 新疆夏尔西里自然保护区全沟硬蜱存在伯氏疏螺旋体、嗜吞噬细胞无形体、斑点热立克次体的自然感染,并存在2~3种病原的复合感染。     

内蒙古地区2015—2019年不同寄生蜱的种群分布及病原体多样性分析

目的 了解内蒙古地区2015—2019年不同寄生宿主蜱的蜱种分布、病原体感染及复合感染状况。方法 在每年蜱活跃高峰期采集蜱标本,经体视显微镜和特异性18S rRNA基因分型法进行蜱种鉴定。提取蜱基因组DNA,并对斑点热立克次体gltA和rOmpA基因、无形体msp2基因、埃立克体omp1基因、莱姆病螺旋体flaB基因和新型回归热螺旋体glpQ基因等病原体进行PCR检测。结果 本次共采集蜱虫6 465只,隶属于1科5属8种。游离蜱多为全沟硬蜱（79.0%）;羊和牛寄生蜱多为草原革蜱（68.2%,52.0%）;马和骆驼寄生蜱均为亚洲璃眼蜱;犬寄生蜱均为图兰扇头蜱。立克次体gltA阳性率为39.4%,其中羊、骆驼、马、牛等家畜寄生蜱阳性率均超过平均值;其他4种病原体多为游离蜱携带,其阳性率分别为12.3%、10.1%、11.0%、17.0%。内蒙古地区蜱媒疾病复合感染率为12.6%,其中,游离蜱复合感染率高于寄生蜱。结论 家畜感染立克次体较严重。游离蜱的复合感染情况较严重,因此要重点加强东部大兴安岭一带蜱媒传染病的监测工作。     

Tick species and tick-borne infections identified in population from a rural area of Spain

To determine the tick species that bite humans in the province of Soria (Spain) and ascertain the tick-borne pathogens that threaten people's health in that province, 185 tick specimens were collected from 179 patients who sought medical advice at health-care centres. The ticks were identified, and their DNA examined by PCR for pathogens. Most ticks were collected in autumn and spring (59 and 57 respectively). Nine species of ticks were identified, the most frequent being Dermacentor marginatus (55.7%), Ixodes ricinus (12.4%) and Rhipicephalus bursa (11.9%). Ninety-seven females, 66 males, 21 nymphs and one larva were identified. Twenty-six ticks carried DNA from Rickettsia spp. (11 Rickettsia slovaca, 6 Rickettsia spp. RpA4/DnS14, 1 Rickettsia massiliae/Bar29, and 8 unidentified); two ticks carried DNA from Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and seven ticks harboured DNA from Anaplasma phagocytophilum.     

Identification and distribution of nine tick-borne spotted fever group Rickettsiae in the Country of Georgia

Rickettsial pathogens cause diseases that vary in severity and clinical presentation. Rickettsia species transmitted by ticks are mostly classified within the spotted fever group of rickettsiae (SFGR) and are often associated with febrile diseases. Preliminary studies have detected three human-pathogenic SFGR from ticks in Georgia: Rickettsia aeschlimannii, Rickettsia raoultii, and Rickettsia slovaca. To more broadly assess the presence of tick-borne rickettsiae from Georgia we examined 1594 ticks, representing 18 species from five genera (Ixodes, Hyalomma, Haemaphysalis, Dermacentor, and Rhipicephalus), collected from eight regions of Georgia. A total of 498 tick DNA samples extracted from single ticks or pooled ticks were assessed by molecular methods. Genus-specific Rick17b and species-specific qPCR assays were used to identify six rickettsiae: R. aeschlimannii, R. raoultii, R. slovaca, Rickettsia conorii subsp. conorii, Rickettsia massiliae, and Rickettsia monacensis. Tick samples that were positive for Rickettsia, but not identified by the species-specific assays, were further evaluated by multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) using sequences of four protein-coding genes (gltA, ompA,ompB, sca4). Three additional Rickettsia species were identified by MLST: Candidatus Rickettsia barbariae, Rickettsia helvetica, and Rickettsia hoogstraalii. Overall, nine species of Rickettsia (six human pathogens and three species with unknown pathogenicity) were detected from 12 tick species of five different genera. A distribution map for the tick-borne rickettsiae revealed six newly identified endemic regions in Georgia.     

浙江省建德市蜱媒传染病综合监测研究

目的 了解建德地区蜱媒传染病主要宿主和媒介的种群密度、季节消长、染带关系和病原体携带状况,为蜱媒传染病预防控制提供科学依据。方法 采用布旗法、宿主动物体表检蜱法采集蜱,用鼠笼捕捉鼠形动物,采用PCR方法检测其蜱媒传染病感染情况。结果 建德地区主要蜱种有长角血蜱、中华硬蜱和镰形扇头蜱,长角血蜱为优势种,布旗法6月蜱密度最高,体表检蜱法6月带蜱率最高。在蜱及宿主动物中检出嗜吞噬细胞无形体、巴贝西原虫、查菲埃立克体、立克次体、巴尔通体、肾综合征出血热病毒6种蜱媒传染病病原体,并存在病原体复合感染。结论 建德地区蜱媒传染病的宿主和媒介广泛分布,而且携带多种病原体,需要采取措施进行防制。     

黑龙江口岸蜱类及其携带病原体状况研究初报

〔目的〕根据目前蜱媒病原的危害情况,从分子流行病学角度探讨可能存在的新发蜱媒传染病及复合感染情况。〔方法〕采集黑龙江11个口岸的蜱,通过病原培养分离,动物试验后进行分子生物学检测。〔结果〕检出5种病原微生物,全沟硬蜱可同时携带这5种病原体,发现了复合感染蜱。〔结论〕黑龙江口岸蜱类及蜱携带病原体情况复杂,引起蜱传疾病的风险巨大。     

Rhipicephalus ticks infected with Rickettsia and Coxiella in Southern Switzerland (Canton Ticino).

Ticks of the Rhipicephalus sanguineus species complex may be vector of various pathogens including Rickettsia conorii (the etiological agent of the Mediterranean spotted fever) and Coxiella burnetii (cause of the Query (Q) fever). R. sanguineus ticks have been imported in several parts of central and northern Europe, especially in environments such as kennels and houses providing the appropriate microclimatic conditions and the blood source necessary for their survival. Since 1940 these ticks have occasionally been recorded in Switzerland. In Ticino (the southern part of Switzerland), they have been reported since 1980 and their probable establishment in this area has been suggested in the '90s. By means of PCR and direct sequencing, we tested the identity of these ticks (using 12S rDNA gene) and the occurrence of Rickettsia spp. (using 16S rDNA, gltA and OmpA genes) as well as Coxiella sp. (using 16S rDNA). The results indicated that in Ticino, two different tick species coexist, i.e. R. sanguineus sensu stricto and Rhipicephalus turanicus. A few individuals of R. sanguineus sensu stricto are infected with Rickettsia massiliae/Bar29, which are strains of unknown pathogenicity. Coxiella sp., an endosymbiont of Rhipicephalus ticks, has also been identified in both tick species. Due to climatic changes towards global warming, imported tick species may therefore adapt to new area and might be considered as epidemiological markers for a number of infectious agents transmitted by them.     

一组长角血蜱中检出莱姆病螺旋体和斑点热群立克次体复合感染

目的 了解浙江省山区野生动物和蜱中莱姆病、斑点热、埃立克体病(无形体病)的感染情况.方法 采用巢式PCR对采集的鼠、蜱标本进行莱姆病伯氏疏螺旋体、斑点热群立克次体、埃立克体(无形体)特异性核酸片段检测分析.结果 从121份鼠标本和105组蜱标本中检出阳性结果 14份.鼠标本中检出伯氏疏螺旋体5S～23S rDNA间隔区片段1份和埃立克体(无形体)16SrDNA 5'端片段2份.蜱标本中检出阳性11份,包括伯氏疏螺旋体5S～23S rDNA间隔区片段3份和斑点热群立克次体外膜蛋白OmpA基因5'端片段8份.其中1组长角血蜱成虫标本为伯氏疏螺旋体和斑点热群立克次体复合感染,5S～23S rRNA基因间隔区和ompA基因片段均阳性,分别与伯氏疏螺旋体法雷氏基因型和马赛立克次体株等关系较近.结论 在同一组长角血蜱成虫中同时检出莱姆病疏螺旋体和斑点热群立克次体复合感染.     

Molecular detection of Rickettsia,Anaplasma, and Bartonella in ticks from free-ranging sheep in Gansu Province,China

Ticks pose a serious threat to public health as carriers and often vectors of zoonotic pathogens. There are few systematic studies on the prevalence and genetic diversity of tick-borne bacterial pathogens in Western China. In this study, 465 ticks were collected from free-ranging sheep in Gansu Province in China. Ticks were divided into 113 pools and tick DNA was extracted from these ticks. PCR assays were performed using specific primers to screen for tick-borne pathogens as well as sequence analysis based on the 16S rRNA (rrs), ompB, gltA, ompA genes for Rickettsia, rrs, groEL genes for Anaplasma, and ssrA and rpoB genes for Bartonella. The PCR results showed that the minimum infection rates with Rickettsia, Anaplasma, and Bartonella were 16.8% (78/465), 18.9% (88/465), and 0.9% (4/465), respectively. Sequence analysis based on the concatenated sequences of rrs-ompB-gltA-ompA indicated that the Rickettsia species identified in the ticks belonged to Rickettsia raoultii, Rickettsia slovaca, and Rickettsia sibirica, respectively; phylogenetic analysis based on the groEL gene showed that all Anaplasma strains identified were Anaplasma ovis; and phylogenetic analysis based on the ssrA and rpoB genes indicated that all Bartonella strains in the ticks belonged to Bartonella melophagi. The results of this study showed that ticks in Gansu Province harbored multiple pathogens that may cause rickettsial diseases and bartonellosis. These diseases were neglected in the area and physicians and public health workers need to pay attention to their diagnoses to prevent human infection.