新疆尉犁荒漠地区蜱中主要蜱传疾病病原检测

目的 调查尉犁荒漠地区蜱的种群组成和分布及自然感染莱姆病、Q热、巴贝西原虫病、斑点热和人粒细胞无形体病病原体情况.方法 采用布旗法和动物体表搜集法采集蜱标本,PCR法进行病原检测.结果 在尉犁地区共采集蜱519只,隶属2属3种,分别为短小扇头蜱、图兰扇头蜱和亚洲璃眼蜱;短小扇头蜱为该地区的优势种,占捕获总数的88.25％.只在短小扇头蜱中检出2种蜱传疾病病原体,分别是斑点热群立克次体和无形体,检出率分别为6.27％和3.53％.结论 斑点热群立克次体和无形体在尉犁地区蜱中有不同程度的自然感染.     

天津市主要蜱类及其病原携带调查

目的了解天津市蜱类及其病原携带情况。方法采用人工小时布旗法和犬类体表检视法对全市16个区县199块社区绿地和204只犬类开展蜱类调查;同时7个区县送检社区绿地、家畜和犬类及病人等处采集的蜱。用PCR法分别检测布尼亚病毒、嗜粒细胞无形体、伯氏疏螺旋体和巴尔通体。结果蜱的收集和构成：2011年3-8月在全市8个区县共采集蜱197只,全沟硬蜱58只,占29.4%;长角血蜱139只,占70.6%。蜱密度：人工小时布旗法对全市16个区县199块社区绿地进行调查,蜱密度1.01%。染蜱率：采用犬类体表检视法调查全市16个区县的204只犬类,染蜱率1.47%,总蜱指数0.02。蜱病原携带检测：布尼亚病毒核酸Realtime RT-PCR检测阴性;嗜粒细胞无形体核酸巢氏PCR检测阴性;伯氏疏螺旋体核酸巢式PCR检测阴性;巴尔通体核酸PCR检测阴性。结论全沟硬蜱和长角血蜱是天津市的优势蜱种。今后蜱类防治重点要加强环境治理,清除杂草;同时城市中宠物狗携带蜱尤其需引起重视。有必要对蜱等生物媒介宿主动物及其病原体进行更深入的生态与分子流行病学研究。     

黑龙江省中俄边境七个口岸蜱类调查

目的 摸清边境口岸蜱的种类，为预防蜱传疾病由国境传入传出提供科学依据。方法 采用人工小时布旗法，对7个口岸不同生境的蜱进行调查。结果 经180人工小时的调查，获蜱6554只，隶属1科3属4种。不同生境4种蜱均有分布，但优势种不同。     

绥芬河、东宁口岸地区鼠类感染新发蜱媒病原的检测

目的了解黑龙江省绥芬河、东宁口岸地区鼠类感染新发蜱媒病原的情况。方法采用现场调查与分子流行病学调查手段,监测分析两地鼠类感染新发蜱媒病原的情况。结果对102只鼠类进行检测,发现有9种蜱媒病原,主要感染的鼠类为黑线姬鼠和东方田鼠;病原感染率高的是微小巴贝西原虫,分别为25．0％－27．3％和33．0％－42．9％;其次是莱姆病螺旋体,感染率分别达21．2％－30．0％和28．6％－33．0％;病原感染率较低的是病毒类森林脑炎,仅在东宁林区的2只黑线姬鼠中发现,感染率为5．00％。结论两地蜱媒病原的感染均以黑线姬鼠和东方田鼠为主。该检测结果为下一步深入了解这些疾病的性质及其流行病学特征提供了基础。     

新疆和硕地区主要蜱类及蜱媒病原体调查

目的 调查新疆和硕地区主要蜱的种类、种群分布及蜱媒病原体的自然感染情况.方法 采用布旗法和动物体表检查法采集蜱标本,采用PCR方法进行病原检测.结果 从和硕地区清水河农场、乌什塔拉乡、乃仁克尔乡、曲惠乡、塔哈其乡和新塔热乡共采集蜱367只,分属3属4种;其中亚洲璃眼蜱占47.41％(174/367),短小扇头蜱占37.60％(138/367),为当地优势蜱种;经PCR扩增出3种蜱媒病原体的特异性DNA片段,比对显示与莱姆病伯氏疏螺旋体、嗜吞噬细胞无形体以及斑点热群立克次体有高度同源性;莱姆病螺旋体检出18个阳性,阳性率为4.90％;嗜吞噬细胞无形体检出4个阳性,阳性率为1.09％;斑点热群立克次体检出11个阳性,阳性率为3.00％.结论 和硕地区蜱中存在莱姆病、人粒细胞无形体病以及斑点热的病原体感染.     

中朝边境长白口岸蜱类携带病原体情况研究

目的掌握2013-2014年中朝边境长白口岸蜱类携带病原体情况。方法采用PCR检测蜱标本中伯氏疏螺旋体、无形体、立克次体、贝纳柯克斯体、巴通体5种病原体。结果检测发现伯氏疏螺旋体2例、立克次体28例、巴通体6例。其中立克次体是长白口岸地区占绝对优势地位的蜱传病原体。结论中朝边境长白口岸蜱类携带立克次体、伯氏疏螺旋体、巴通体等病原体,为蜱传疾病的防控和研究提供依据。     

黑龙江省11个边境口岸蜱类调查

〔目的〕调查黑龙江省11个边境口岸蜱的种群组成。〔方法〕采用人工小时布旗法采集蜱。〔结果〕在黑龙江省11个边境口岸采获蜱3926只,计3属4种。林缘的优势种群为森林革蜱(95.9%);针阔混交林为全沟硬蜱(46.1%)和森林革蜱(31.8%)。不同口岸的蜱种组成有所不同。绥芬河口岸蜱密度指数最高(93.1%只/人工小时)。不同生境蜱密度指数有所不同。4种蜱的雌雄比:日本血蜱2.7:1,森林革蜱1.7:1,嗜群血蜱1.3:1,全沟硬蜱1.1:1。〔结论〕本次调查为黑龙江省边境口岸地区的蜱种群组成研究提供了依据。     

海门口岸地区蝇类调查报告

作者对海门口岸地区进行了蝇类种类种群区系分布调查，共发现5科25属50种，为掌握口岸地区蝇类消长情况提供了依据。     

黑龙江省抚远口岸2019—2021年蜱类及其携带病原体调查

目的 分析抚远口岸蜱类监测数据,掌握口岸蜱类种属构成、季节消长及携带病原体情况,为抚远口岸蜱类防制及蜱传疾病的有效防控提供依据。方法 2019—2021年4-9月,采用人工小时布旗法采集蜱,种类鉴定后检测7种病原体核酸。结果 共采获蜱类351只,计1科3属4种,分别是日本血蜱、嗜群血蜱、全沟硬蜱、森林革蜱。检出3种病原体,其中斑点热群立克次体阳性率最高,为16.81%;日本血蜱的斑点热群立克次体感染率最高（66.67%）,嗜群血蜱的伯氏疏螺旋体（11.22%）和巴尔通体感染率最高（4.08%）。结论 黑龙江省抚远口岸蜱类携带立克次体、伯氏疏螺旋体等多种病原体,应加强对该地区蜱类和蜱传疾病的监测。     

蜱类及蜱媒疾病的公共卫生学意义

蜱类是指蜱总科的有害节肢动物，属于蛛型纲蜱螨目，包括硬蜱科（Ｉｘｏｄｉｄａｅ）、软蜱科（Ａｒｇｒａｓｉｄａｅ）和仅存于南部非洲的纳蜱科（Ｎｕｔａｌｉｅｌｉｄａｅ）〔１〕。其危害主要有两方面，一方主面它是人类和动物疾病的传播媒介和病原体的贮存宿主，引起...     

北京口岸地区鼠类和刺猬体外寄生虫的监测

目的了解北京口岸地区鼠类和刺猬体外寄生虫的种类和组成。方法采用夹夜法,在北京口岸捕获到小家鼠、褐家鼠、黑线姬鼠和刺猬,并从其体外捡取寄生虫。结果共采集到鼠类和刺猬体外寄生虫12种282只,经鉴定革螨6种61只,蜱类4种203只,恙螨1种13只,蚤类1种5只。其种类分别为毒厉螨、耶氏厉螨、纳氏厉螨、格氏血厉螨、驹鼯赫刺螨、家蝇巨螯螨、森林革蜱、草原革蜱、血红扇头蜱、长角血蜱、须纤恙螨和印鼠客蚤。结论除刺猬外,各鼠种染虫率和染虫指数较低。     

宁波口岸蜱类及莱姆病病原体携带情况的调查研究

目的掌握宁波口岸蜱的种群特征和莱姆病病原携带情况。方法采用人工小时布旗法采蜱,用PCR法检测蜱类中携带的莱姆病DNA片段。结果采集蜱872只,隶属于1科3属3种,分别为中华硬蜱、长角血蜱、镰形扇头蜱,其中长角血蜱占97.36%,为优势种;3-9月均可捕获蜱,3-6月为高峰期,7月下旬种群数量开始急剧减少;莱姆病螺旋体DNA片段检测均呈阴性。结论查清宁波口岸蜱的种群结构,宁波口岸尚无莱姆病自然疫源地的证据。     

Detection of tick-borne pathogens in Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato and dogs from different districts of Portugal

Dogs are highly exposed to pathogens transmitted by ectoparasites. The Mediterranean climate of Southern Europe, together with the presence of stray and/or neglected pets in close proximity with humans, contribute for tick expansion and stand for increased risk to infections in humans due to the zoonotic potential of many of these agents.The aim of this study was to perform a molecular survey in dogs (suspected of tick-borne disease and/or infested with ticks), as well as in ticks collected from those animals, from 12 districts of Portugal to investigate the occurrence of Rickettsia spp. and other tick-borne pathogens (Babesia, Ehrlichia, Anaplasma and Hepatozoon). Additionally, a serological survey of spotted fever group Rickettsia in Portuguese dogs was performed using an in-house immunofluorescence assay (IFA).A total of 200 whole-blood samples and 221 Rhipicephalus sanguineus s. l. ticks were collected from dogs.A total of 14 (7 %) blood samples and 10 (4.5 %) ticks yielded presumptively positive 420-bp amplicons using the Rickettsia spp. partial ompB nested PCR. Screening of the ompB-positive samples using the gltA gene showed 8 positive ticks. All Rickettsia ompB and gltA sequences had the highest identity with R. massiliae. The Rickettsia-positive dogs were further tested for other tick-borne pathogens and were found to be infected with Babesia spp. (n = 5), but not with Ehrlichia, Anaplasma or Hepatozoon.Of the 149 dog serum specimens tested in the serological assay, 103 (69 %) were positive for IgG antibodies against spotted fever group Rickettsia. Antibodies were found in dogs from all the studied districts, in 55 (53 %) of the stray and in 48 (47 %) of the owned dogs.Our study detected and characterized for the first time R. massiliae in dogs from Portugal, broadening the geographical range of this canine pathogen and adding knowledge to the impact of this disease in dogs.     

豫南地区蜱类分布及蜱媒病原体调查与分析

摘要:目的　探讨豫南地区蜱虫分布特点,蜱媒病原体类型及流行性特征。方法　采用布旗法、体表检蜱法采集不同环境中蜱虫,采用PCR方法对蜱媒病原体的感染情况进行流行病学调查研究。结果　3-10月份采集蜱虫730只,分2属3种,其中长角血蜱占80.71%,为当地优势蜱种;蜱虫分布呈季节性消长;经PCR扩增出2种蜱媒病原体的特异性DNA片段,比对显示与发热伴血小板减少综合征病毒（SFTSV）、嗜吞噬细胞无形体有高度同源性;SFTSV阳性率为4.90%;嗜吞噬细胞无形体阳性率为2.49%。结论　豫南地区蜱虫分布有生态及季节性规律,蜱中携带SFTSV、人粒细胞无形体病的病原体,是造成人发热伴血小板减少综合征、无形体病的主要原因,应加强疫区防控措施。     

Biotyping of IRE/CTVM19 tick cell line infected by tick-borne encephalitis virus

Ticks, being vectors for a variety of pathogens such as tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), have developed defense mechanisms and pathways against infections, allowing them to control the virus at a level that does not hinder their fitness and development. At the present moment, only a few studies focused on interactions between ticks and TBEV on a molecular level have been published. Here, a possible application of MALDI-TOF MS as a research tool for the investigation of tick-virus interactions was shown. Mass spectrometry (MS) profiles of TBEV-infected and non-infected IRE/CTVM19 tick cell line were compared using principal component analysis. MS spectra were clustered based on the cultivation time of cells, but not their infection status. Nevertheless, the analysis of loading plots revealed different factors (peaks) being involved in the clustering of infected and non-infected cells. Out of them, nine were assigned with proteins: five and four for non-infected and infected cells, respectively. Peak with m/z 8565 was found to be of interest because it was suppressed upon TBEV infection and assigned to proteasome subunit alpha type (B7QE67).     

内蒙古2009年甲型H1N1流感病原与血清学监测结果分析

目的:分析2009年内蒙古甲型H1N1流感流行特点和健康人群感染状况,为进一步应对流感大流行提供科学依据。方法:采用RT-PCR、Real-time PCR法进行核酸检测,阳性样本进行鸡胚病毒分离培养。人群血清采用血凝(HA)和血凝抑制(HI)试验进行人群抗体检测。结果:全区各网络实验室共检测标本7663份,核酸阳性1543份,阳性率为20.14%。其中季节性H1N1阳性68份,H3N2阳性158份,甲型H1N1阳性957份,B型阳性164份,甲型流感阳性但无法分亚型的192份,混合4份;对本实验室检出的阳性标本509份进一步进行病毒分离培养,结果获得阳性毒株162株,阳性分离率为31.83%。采用血凝(HA)和血凝抑制试验(HI)对分离毒株型别鉴定,结果甲型H1N1份155份,占阳性毒株的96.91%;HI方法检测人群标本472份,抗体阳性95份,阳性率20.13%。结论:内蒙古地区2009年7月以后流行的流感优势株为甲型H1N1流感病毒,高峰出现在10月、11月;人群血清抗体检测表明人群抗体阳性率普遍偏低,学生的抗体水平相对较高。     

宁波市动物染蜱情况调查结果分析

目的:初步了解宁波市动物染蜱现状,为进一步建立蜱媒传染病综合监测系统。方法:采用现状调查方法,摸清宁波市家养和野外动物染蜱情况。结果:家养动物蜱感染率为29.94%,以狗染蜱最高;野外动物染蜱阳性率为6.67%;动物染蜱部位以肩背、耳廓和颈部等前半身最常见。结论:宁波市动物染蜱情况不容乐观,应引起公共卫生部门的重视。     

Repeat tick exposure elicits distinct immune responses in guinea pigs and mice

Ticks deposit salivary proteins into the skin during a bite to mediate acquisition of a blood meal. Acquired resistance to tick bites has been demonstrated to prevent Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) transmission. However, the mechanism of resistance, as well as the protective antigens, have remained elusive. To address these unknowns, we utilized a guinea pig model of tick resistance and a mouse model of permissiveness. Guinea pigs developed immunity after multiple Ixodes scapularis tick infestations, characterized by rapid tick detachment and impaired feeding. In comparison, mice tolerated at least 6 infestations with no significant impact on feeding. We analyzed the bite sites by RNA-sequencing and histology, identifying several inflammatory pathways in tick immune animals, such as FcεRI signaling and complement activation, and activation of coagulation pathways that could impair local blood flow. Together, these results identify important pathways altered during tick rejection and potential tick proteins that could serve as vaccine candidates.     

2005～2009年内蒙古地区流行性感冒病原监测结果分析

[目的]分析内蒙古地区流感病毒的变化情况,为制定防控措施提供科学依据。[方法]对2005年10月至2009年3月呼和浩特市和包头市6个哨点医院暴发疫情时采集流感样病例咽拭子标本进行流感病毒分离鉴定。[结果]2005-2009年合计采集流感样病例样本2 997份,分离流感病毒354株,阳性检出率为11.81%。分离的流感病毒毒株中,季节性A（H1N1）亚型207株,占58.47%;乙型147株（99株为Victoria系,48株为Yamagata系）,占41.53%。其中,2005-2006年度季节性A（H1N1）亚型与B型同时存在,2006-2007年度、2008-2009年度都以季节性A（H1N1）为主要流行株,2007-2008年监测期间以B型为主要流行毒株。[结论]内蒙古地区2005-2009年流感主要流行毒株是季节性A（H1N1）亚型和乙型。