浅谈医用计算机的保养和维修

本文以新形势下医用计算机的保养、维护及维修为议题,对医用计算机的保养、维护、维修等方面分别进行了分析和论述,给出了维修实例,供同行参考。     

Information in the palm of your hand

Physicians need a way to access and organize personal, patient-related, and medical reference information. Hand-held computers are a practical solution that can make this information available at the point of care. We review the major types of hand-held computers and their software and recommend specific models based on physicians' needs. We also describe software for hand-held computers, with special attention to medical record and medical reference software.     

Physician, heal thy software

This article begins with the view that computers are not essential for medical audit. There is a lot of pressure from manufacturers and enthusiasts to purchase computers as a prerequisite to undertaking medical audit. The authors challenge this view and provide a useful checklist of questions to ask before deciding to buy a computer and discuss how to choose the right system for your needs, once the decision has been made.     

Good medical education is impossible without computers

Computers are medical instruments, for which reason they must be included in the medical curriculum. As educational tools, electronic teaching environments, multimedia applications and computers stimulate self-study. Moreover, computers make the medical literature readily accessible and facilitate the administration of the training programme. They are thus an indispensable part of medical education, and of academic and student administration.     

Problems of using computer technics in hospitals of various profiles

The main causes restraining the introduction of computers in medical establishments have been analyzed. It is noted that the most rational way of introducing computers into medical establishments consists in the development of local computer network (LCN). An optimal variant of multicomputer association is represented by LCN based on star topology having a multidrop line as a shunt. Such a solution has some distinct advantages since in this case a multidrop line can operate both as an autonomous mini-LCN and together with other multidrop lines. Besides, heterogenic computers can be grouped into similar multidrop lines.     

Patient stress and the computer in the consulting room

This study assesses patient reactions to the use of diagnostic computers by doctors. The setting was a hospital out-patient clinic, and the patients were new referrals with dyspeptic symptoms. Patient reactions were measured through a mood questionnaire of stress and arousal, and a questionnaire on attitudes to the medical use of computers. Patient self-reported stress was more likely to have increased after the consultation if the computer had been used (P less than 0.05). There was a trend for computer patients to show attenuation of the typical post-consultation drop in stress. However, patients who had experienced the computer being used had more favourable attitudes towards medical computer use that inexperienced patients (as assessed by a subsequent postal survey; P = 0.007). Multiple regression showed that while experience of the computer was a determinant of attitudes, patient stress after the consultation was extremely significant (P less than 0.001) with highly-stressed patients being the least welcoming to medical computers, whether or not they had experience of the computer. It is suggested that doctors planning to use computers should take care to preserve their 'human touch' particularly for nervous patients.     

Why doctors don''t use computers: some empirical findings.

The attitudes of 148 medical students, 141 residents, and 644 practising physicians towards computer applications in medicine were studied. The results indicate that physicians recognize the potential of computers to improve patient care, but are concerned about the possibility of increased governmental and hospital control, threats to privacy, and legal and ethical problems. In general, all three groups are uncertain as to the potential effects of computers on their traditional professional role and on the organization of practice. Practising physicians, however, express more concern about these potential effects of computers than do medical students and residents. While attitudes appear to be somewhat independent of prior computer experience, they significantly affect the extent to which physicians use a computer-based hospital information system. This may be a major reason for the slow introduction of clinical computer systems.     

Introducing medical students to medical informatics

Summary. Medical informatics ( MI ) has been introduced to medical students in several countries. Before outlining a course plan it was necessary to conduct a survey on students' computer literacy. A questionnaire was designed for students, focusing on knowledge and previous computer experience. The questions reproduced a similar questionnaire submitted to medical students from North Carolina University in Chapel Hill ( NCU ). From the results it is clear that although almost 80% of students used computers, less than 30% used general purpose applications, and utilization of computer-aided search of databases or use in the laboratory was exceptional. Men reported more computer experience than women in each area investigated by our questionnaire but this did not appear to be related to academic performance, age or course. Our main objectives when planning an MI course were to give students a general overview of the medical applications of computers and instruct them in the use of computers in future medical practice. As our medical school uses both Apple Macintosh and IBM compatibles, we decided to provide students with basic knowledge of both. The programme was structured with a mix of theoretico-practical lectures and personalized practical sessions in the computer laboratory. As well as providing a basic overview of medical informatics, the course and computer laboratory were intended to encourage other areas of medicine to incorporate the computer into their teaching programmes.     

医院病理资料管理方法的探讨

本文就建立一个既节省时间与空间，又提高工作效率的信息与实物相结合的病理资料管理新方法，介绍借助计算机与密集柜相结合的病理资料管理新模式；该模式既顺应新形式下医疗发展的需求，又能在教学与科研等回顾性研究及医疗纠纷的举证中发挥重要作用。     

Computer awareness among medical students: a survey

The objective of the study was to assess the attitude of Edinburgh University medical students towards computers and to evaluate the effects of changes in the curriculum and intercalated BSc towards computer knowledge. During March to November 1995 a questionnaire was distributed in lectures, seminars and tutorials to all Edinburgh University medical students. Overall, 65% of students returned the questionnaire, divided equally between both genders. Only 2% of students had not used a computer in the previous year. The most frequent application used was E-mail and the most frequent site, the Greenfield suite micro lab, within the medical school. The average score for self-perceived computer knowledge on a scale of 0–10 was 4.19. This score was significantly higher for the students who own a computer and who have an intercalated BSc honours degree as well as the pre-clinical students compared to the clinical students. There is also a strong correlation between computer use and doing a second year special option module. With regards to attitude towards computers, 86% of students agreed that computer skills will be beneficial to them in their future career and 62% of all students wanted a structured course in computer use as part of the MB ChB course. There has been a general increase in computer literacy amongst the medical students in Edinburgh. This is specially so for the pre-clinical students who have had the brunt of the changes in the curriculum. The tendency for both the lower knowledge and use by the clinical students can, in part, be due to the accessibility of computers to these students.     

浅谈门诊医生工作站设备选型

门诊医生工作站是医院信息系统的重要组成部分,上线应用时对设备的稳定性、可维护性、设备维修时间有很高的要求。因此设备正确合理的选择对门诊医生工作站的实施至关重要。本文通过对PC机、瘦客户机的分析,讨论了门诊医生工作站的设备选型。     

The demand for consumer health information.

Using data from an evaluation of a community-wide informational intervention, we modeled the demand for medical reference books, telephone advice nurses, and computers for health information. Data were gathered from random household surveys in Boise, ID (experimental site), Billings, MT, and Eugene, OR (control sites). Conditional difference-in-differences show that the intervention increased the use of medical reference books, advice nurses, and computers for health information by approximately 15, 6, and 4%. respectively. The results also suggest that the intervention was associated with a decreased reliance on health professionals for information.     

Maintaining the Characteristics of Effective Clinical Teachers in Computer Assisted Learning Environments

There has been a growing trend in medical education to integrate the use of computers into the undergraduate medical curriculum. While it seems intuitively obvious that personal computers and the Internet can be useful learning tools, it is not clear that the perceived advantages of Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI)are warranted. One problem is that computers are too often used in CAI simply as presentation devices for predefined material without ample consideration paid to the pedagogical principles that have informed more conventional teaching practices. The creation of an environment that is conducive to effective learning has often been overlooked in favour of the development and use of increasingly more sophisticated technologies. The current paper represents an attempt to delineate ways in which we might better develop instructional multimedia programs by employing some of the strategies believed to characterize effective clinical teaching. To do so, this paper will briefly review the work of Irby and others in an attempt to draw attention to ways in which the characteristics identified by these researchers might be implemented for the use of CAI. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

医学网址大全数据库的建立及其应用

收集各种医学网络网址,应用Microsoft Access程序编制医学网址大全数据库,使其能在不同计算机网络上自动链接,随时为医务人员提供医学网址资料的快捷查询。     

Introduction of handheld computing to a family practice residency program

BACKGROUND: Handheld computers are valuable practice tools. It is important for residency programs to introduce their trainees and faculty to this technology. This article describes a formal strategy to introduce handheld computing to a family practice residency program. METHODS: Objectives were selected for the handheld computer training program that reflected skills physicians would find useful in practice. TRGpro handheld computers preloaded with a suite of medical reference programs, a medical calculator, and a database program were supplied to participants. Training consisted of four 1-hour modules each with a written evaluation quiz. Participants completed a self-assessment questionnaire after the program to determine their ability to meet each objective. RESULTS: Sixty of the 62 participants successfully completed the training program. The mean composite score on quizzes was 36 of 40 (90%), with no significant differences by level of residency training. The mean self-ratings of participants across all objectives was 3.31 of 4.00. Third-year residents had higher mean self-ratings than others (mean of group, 3.62). Participants were very comfortable with practical skills, such as using drug reference software, and less comfortable with theory, such as knowing the different types of handheld computers available. CONCLUSION: Structured training is a successful strategy for introducing handheld computing to a residency program.     

Producing a multimedia CD-ROM

The multimedia capabilities of modern computers promise a rich contribution to medical education, integrating video, animation and graphics as a single courseware package. Using the new generation of design tools, computer-assisted learning material can be successfully created in-house.     

Why? What? and How? IT provision for medical students in general practice

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this paper is to discuss the increasing use of computers in undergraduate medical education and explore the why, what and how of providing IT facilities to undergraduate medical students when they are on placement in general practice. Adequate computing facilities are usually available within hospitals and medical schools, however, major changes are taking place in undergraduate education resulting in more teaching being undertaken in the community. Students will therefore need access to comparable facilities whilst in primary care settings in order for their training not to be compromised. SETTING: This paper describes one initiative addressing this need: the University Linked Practices (ULP) project in the Department of General Practice and Primary Care at St. Bartholomew's and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry. DESIGN: We discuss the ways in which computers are currently being used in medical education and discuss some of the merits and drawbacks that are associated with this increasing drive to computerization.     

医疗系统防范黑客攻击的基本方法研究

通过对防范医疗系统黑客攻击的基本方法，为个人电脑、企业管理、以及系统管理员防范黑客攻击提供一些参考。     

现代化医疗设备管理实践

随着现代医疗科技的不断进步,大量先进的医疗器械被医院购入并使用,使医院的医疗设备科成为医院接触先进医疗设备最多并发展最快的科室之一。医院如何应用现代化技术,更好地对医疗设备进行管理成为目前摆在医院设备科面前的主要课题。我们近一年来应用计算机、《医疗设备综合识别管理系统》、条码识别等现代化手段,在医疗设备科管理上进行了相应的管理实践,取得了一定的经验。