原发性高血压患者血清C型利钠肽、醛固酮的变化及意义

目的探讨原发性高血压(EH)患者C型利钠肽(CNP)和醛固酮(ALD)的变化及其临床意义。方法用放射免疫法测定201例EH患者和98例非高血压患者的CNP和ALD水平,并进行对照统计分析。结果EH组血清CNP和ALD水平显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。男性CNP高于女性,而女性ALD则高于男性。Ⅰ期EH组和对照组血清CNP、ALD无显著差异。Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期EH组则均显著高于Ⅰ期EH组和对照组。伴心脑血管并发症和/或肾功能损害组CNP、ALD显著高于无并发症组(P<0.01)。而Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期EH组间无明显差异。结论EH患者存在明显的血清CNP和ALD水平的变化,且这种变化与EH分期相关。     

原发性高血压患者血清胰岛素样生长因子Ⅱ和生长激素的变化

目的:探讨原发性高血压患者血清胰岛素样生长因子Ⅱ(IGFⅡ)和生长激素(GH)含量的变化及其临床意义。方法:用放射免疫法测定92例原发性高血压(EH)患者和45例非高血压患者的血清IGFⅡ和GH的水平,并进行对照统计分析。结果:EH组血清IGFⅡ水平显著高于对照组(P<0.01),而GH水平显著低于对照组,2参数间呈显著负相关(P<0.05),IGFⅡ与平均动脉压成显著正相关(P<0.05),GH与平均动脉压、体重指数均无相关性意义。男女组间2参数比较亦无统计学差异。在高血压Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期组间,血清GH水平依次递减(F检验,P<0.01),且Ⅲ期组显著低于Ⅰ期组(P<0.05),伴心脑肾并发症组血清GH水平也显著低于无并发症组(P<0.05);血清IGFⅡ水平3期间则均无显著差异。结论:EH患者血清IGFⅡ水平显著升高,而GH水平显著降低,两参数间呈负相关。     

原发性高血压患者血清生长激素、睾酮和雌二醇变化研究

目的:探讨原发性高血压患者血清生长激素(GH)、睾酮(T)和雌二醇(E)水平的变化及其临床意义方法:采用放射免疫法测定了86例EH患者和30例非高血压患者的血清GH,T,E水平.结果:EH组血清GH和E水平显著低于对照组(P<0.55),T与对照组无明显差异(P>0.55).EH组中GH与E水平呈显著正相关,但两者与T无相关性.男性组血清T显著高于女性组.Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ期血清GH和T依次显著递减.伴心脑血管并发症组血清GH与T水平显著低于无并发症组,但E无明显差异.结论:EH组血清GH和E水平显著低于对照组.Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ期血清GH与T依次显著递减.伴心脑血管并发症组血清GH与T水平显著低于无并发症组.     

心肾综合征患者血清胱抑素C和B型脑利钠肽水平变化及其临床意义

目的探讨心肾综合征患者血清胱抑素C和B型脑利钠肽的水平变化,分析其水平变化与患者肾功能和心功能的关系。方法随机选取2014年12月至2015年12月在我院诊治的心肾综合征患者65例为研究对象,根据患者NYHA心功能分级分为心功能Ⅱ级35例、心功能Ⅲ~Ⅳ级30例;根据美国的CKD分期(肾功能不全分级)将患者分别为肾功能Ⅰ~Ⅱ期41例和Ⅲ~Ⅳ期24例,检测比较不同心功能和肾功能分级患者血清胱抑素C和B型脑利钠肽水平,对患者血清胱抑素C和B型脑利钠肽水平与心功能的关系进行相关性分析。结果心功能Ⅲ~Ⅳ级的心肾综合征患者血清胱抑素C和B型脑利钠肽水平均明显高于心功能Ⅱ级患者,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05或0.01)。患者血清胱抑素C和B型脑利钠肽水平均与左室射血分数(LVEF)和左心室舒张末期内径(LVIDd)呈负相关(P0.01)。肾功能Ⅲ~Ⅳ期患者血清胱抑素C水平显著高于肾功能Ⅰ~Ⅱ期患者(P0.05);肾功能Ⅲ~Ⅳ期患者血清B型脑利钠肽水平与肾功能Ⅰ~Ⅱ期患者比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论血胱抑素C是评价心肾综合征患者心功能和肾功能变化的敏感指标,B型脑利钠肽在评估患者心功能变化中具有重要的临床价值。     

原发性高血压左心室肥厚与C型利钠肽水平关系的研究

目的:研究原发性高血压患者左心室肥厚(LVH)与C型利钠肽(CNP)水平的关系。方法:用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定58例原发性高血压无LVH组、50例原发性高血压伴LVH组,及50例血压正常的健康对照组血清CNP浓度,采用多普勒超声心动图检查计算左心室质量指数(LVMI)。结果:原发性高血压伴LVH组CNP水平明显高于无LVH及健康对照组(均P<0.01),原发性高血压无LVH组也高于健康对照组(P<0.01)。CNP浓度与LVMI呈正相关(r=0.64,P<0.01)。结论:CNP水平可以反映高血压及LVH程度。     

原发性高血压患者血尿酸水平及其临床意义

目的:观察原发性高血压(EH)患者血尿酸浓度的变化及其与高血压分期的关系。方法:分别测定57例EH(EH组)患者与58例正常血压健康者(对照组)的血尿酸浓度,以血尿酸、高血压病程、TOD程度、性别进行多变量分析。结果:①EH组平均血尿酸水平较对照组明显增高[(324.7±100.61)∶(264.52±98.62)μmol/L,t=3.239,P<0.01];②EH组血尿酸增高者多于对照组(12/57,21.1%∶3/58,5.2%,χ2=6.671,P<0.01);③在EH组中伴TOD的Ⅱ、Ⅲ期EH患者血尿酸水平高于不伴TOD者[(334.19±86.15)、(384.64±94.03)∶(276.53±77.54)μmol/L];④相关分析显示血尿酸水平与高血压分期正相关(r=0.565),而与性别、年龄、血压水平及高血压病程无明显相关性。结论:血尿酸浓度增高多见于EH患者且与高血压分期相关。     

原发性高血压患者血清肾上腺髓质素变化的临床意义

目的：探讨原发性高血压患者血清肾上腺髓质素变化及其临床意义。方法：用放射免疫法测定了82例原发性高血压（EH）患者和30例非高血压患者的肾上腺髓质素（ADM）水平。并进行对照统计分析。结果：EH组血清ADM水平显著对照组（P＜0．01），且与平均动脉压呈显著正相关（P＜0．05），但与体重指数无相关性意义。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期组间血清ADM水平依次递增（方差F检验，P＜0．05），且Ⅲ期组显著高于Ⅰ期组（P＜0．01），伴心脑肾并发症组血清ADM水平也显著高于无并发症组（P＜0．05）。结论：EH患者血清ADM水平显著升高，且与平均动脉压呈正相关，随着病情进展，ADM有进一步升高趋势。     

原发性高血压患者血清胰岛素样生长因子1浓度的变化

目的:探讨原发性高血压(EH)患者血清胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)水平的变化,评价IGF-1对EH及其并发症左室肥厚(LVH)的病理生理意义。方法:用特异性放射免疫法测定50例EH患者(EH组)和25例正常人(正常对照组)的血清IGF-1水平。结果;EH患者血清IGF-1水平明显高于正常对照组(P<0.01),EH并发LVH患者乎均血清IGF-1水平明显高于无LVH者(P<0.01)。结论:EH患者尤其是伴发LVH者血清IGF-1水平升高,提示IGF-1可能参与EH及其并发症LVH的形成。     

原发性高血压患者血清生长激素,睾酮和雌二醇变化研究

目的 :探讨原发性高血压患者血清生长激素 (GH)、睾酮 (T)和雌二醇 (E)水平的变化及其临床意义方法 :采用放射免疫法测定了 86例 EH患者和 30例非高血压患者的血清 GH,T,E水平。结果 :EH组血清 GH和 E水平显著低于对照组 (P<0 .5 5 ) ,T与对照组无明显差异 (P>0 .5 5 )。 EH组中 GH与 E水平呈显著正相关 ,但两者与 T无相关性。男性组血清 T显著高于女性组。 , , 期血清 GH和 T依次显著递减。伴心脑血管并发症组血清 GH与 T水平显著低于无并发症组 ,但 E无明显差异。结论 :EH组血清 GH和 E水平显著低于对照组。 , , 期血清 GH与 T依次显著递减。伴心脑血管并发症组血清 GH与 T水平显著低于无并发症组     

老年高血压病患者动态血压变化与血浆C型利钠肽表达关系的研究

目的探讨老年高血压患者的血压与血浆C型利钠肽(CNP)浓度的关系.方法观察56例老年Ⅰ～Ⅱ级高血压患者的动态血压和血浆CNP浓度以及服吲哒帕胺后血浆CNP浓度的变化,同时选36例非老年高血压和30例正常人作对照.结果高血压组CNP显著低于正常组(P＜0.001),而老年高血压组血浆CNP又显著高于非老年高血压组(P＜0.001);血浆CNP与血压呈负相关(疗前SBP,r=-0.634,P＜0.1;DBP,r=-0.866,P＜0.05.疗后SBP,r=-0.708,P＜0.1; DBP,r=-0.886,P＜0.05).结论高血压患者血浆CNP较正常人低,老年高血压患者血浆CNP降低较非老年高血压程度低;CNP参与血压的调节;吲哒帕胺有血管肽酶抑制剂的活性.     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.