创伤后活化T细胞内cAMP代谢,蛋白激酶A活性的变化及意义

研究了创伤小鼠活化Ｔ细胞内ｃＡＭＰ代谢、蛋白激酶Ａ（ＰＫＡ）活性的变化及同Ｔ细胞功能的关系。结果显示，创伤后活化Ｔ细胞内ｃＡＭＰ含量增加，这一变化同创伤后Ｔ细胞白介素２（ＩＬ－２）生成减少，ＩＬ－２受体（ＩＬ－２Ｒ）表达受抑，Ｔ淋巴细胞转化（ＴＬＴ）降低密切相关。创伤后活化Ｔ细胞内腺苷酸环化酶（ＡＣ）、ＰＡＫ活性增加，ｃＡＭＰ－磷酸二酯酶（ｃＡＭＰ－ＰＤＥ）活性降低。ＰＫＡ抑制剂Ｈ－８在体外可明显     

可溶性IL－2R在选择性IgA缺乏症发病机理中的意义

白细胞介素２（ＩＬ－２）及其受体（ＩＬ－２Ｒ）系统在机体免疫调节中发挥着重要作用。本研究首先以间接免疫荧光技术检测了选择性ＩｇＡ缺乏症（ＳＩｇＡＤ）患儿活化淋巴细胞膜表面白细胞介素２受体（ｍＩＬ－２Ｒα）的表达情况及其Ｔ细胞亚类水平，继而采用双抗体夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测了ＳＩｇＡＤ患儿血清可溶性白细胞介素２受体（ＳＩＬ－２Ｒα）的含量。结果表明：ＳＩｇＡＤ患儿组的Ｔａｃ阳性细胞百分率（ｍＩＬ－２Ｒα）明显高于正常对照组，其ＣＤ４＋细胞百分率明显低于正常对照组、ＣＤ８＋细胞百分率明显高于正常对照组。而其血清ＳＩＬ－２Ｒα含量亦明显高于正常对照组。研究显示：ＳＩｇＡＤ患儿ｍＩＬ－２Ｒα的表达虽高于正常对照组，但因其Ｔ细胞亚类的显著异常既有体内存在着明显的细胞免疫功能的损害，导致ＩＬ－２的生成不足，使高水平的ＳＩＬ－２Ｒα大量脱落成为ＳＩＬ－２Ｒα，而ＳＩＬ－２Ｒα又可与ＳＩＬ－２Ｒα竞争结合ＩＬ－２，从而使机体细胞免疫功能的损害进一步加剧。     

多抗甲素与IL—2协同促进骨髓移植小鼠免疫功能重建

目的：为了探讨多抗甲素ＰＡＡ与ＩＬ－２对骨髓移植（ＢＭＴ）小鼠免疫功能重建的影响。方法：用致死量照射的Ｂａｂｌ／ｃ小鼠移植同系小鼠骨髓细胞后,分别给予ＰＡＡ、ＩＬ－２或ＰＡＡ＋ＩＬ－２,３０ｄ后检查３组ＢＭＴ小鼠免疫功能重建的情况。结果：ＢＭＴ后３０ｄ,自然恢复小鼠免疫功能十分低下,但ＰＡＡ及ＩＬ－２用药鼠脾细胞对丝裂原反应,对ＳＲＢＣ特异的ＰＦＣ数,对同种异型小鼠脾细胞ＤＴＨ及ＭＬＲ均明显高于移     

多抗甲素与IL—2协同促进骨髓移植小鼠免疫功能重建

目的：为了探讨多抗甲素ＰＡＡ与ＩＬ－２对骨髓移植（ＢＭＴ）小鼠免疫功能重建的影响。方法：用致死量照射的Ｂａｂｌ／ｃ小鼠移植同系小鼠骨髓细胞后,分别给予ＰＡＡ、ＩＬ－２或ＰＡＡ＋ＩＬ－２,３０ｄ后检查３组ＢＭＴ小鼠免疫功能重建的情况。结果：ＢＭＴ后３０ｄ,自然恢复小鼠免疫功能十分低下,但ＰＡＡ及ＩＬ－２用药鼠脾细胞对丝裂原反应,对ＳＲＢＣ特异的ＰＦＣ数,对同种异型小鼠脾细胞ＤＴＨ及ＭＬＲ均明显高于移     

MHCI类抗原多肽致敏IL—2基因修饰的树突状细胞对小鼠引流淋巴结T细胞亚群

目的：探讨ＭＨＣ Ｉ类分子限制性肿瘤抗原多肽Ｍｕｔｌ体外冲击白细胞介素２（Ｉｎｔｅｒｌｅｕｋｉｎ－２,ＩＬ－２）基因修饰的树突状细胞（Ｄｅｎｄｒｔｉｃ ｃｅｌｌｓ,ＣＤ）对小鼠体内特异性免疫的活化机制。方法：用腺病毒作为载体介导小鼠ＩＬ－２基因修饰ＤＣ,用小鼠Ｌｅｗｉｓ肺癌３ＬＬ细胞株ＭＨＣ Ｉ类分子限制性八肽Ｍｕｔｌ冲击ＩＬ－２基因修饰的ＤＣ（ＤＣ－ＩＬ－２Ｍｕｔｌ）免疫小鼠,用流式细胞术（ＦＡＣＳ）分析免疫保护小鼠接受３ＬＬ细胞再攻击后引流淋巴结内Ｔ细胞亚群的比例变化。结果：用Ｍｕｔｌ冲击的ＤＣ免疫的小鼠抵抗３ＬＬ细胞再攻击时,引流淋巴结内ＣＤ８＾＋Ｔ淋巴细胞比例明显升高,ＤＣ－ＩＬ－２－Ｍｕｔｌ免疫保护的小鼠接受３ＬＬ细胞再攻击后引流淋巴结内ＣＤ８＾＋和ＮＫ细胞的比例都明显升高。结论：研究表明ＭＨＣ Ｉ类     

TLSF_（JM）对PMA诱导Jurkat细胞IL－2Rα链基因表达的抑制作用

本文应用原位杂交和双ＭｃＡｂ夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ方法，探讨了来自ＪＭＴ细胞白血病细胞系产生的抑制因子（ＴＬＳＦ_（ＪＭ））对ＰＭＡ诱导的Ｊｕｒｋａｔ细胞ＩＬ－２Ｒα链基因表达的影响。结果表明：ＴＬＳＦ_（ＪＭ）可明显抑制ＰＭＡ诱导的Ｊｕｒｋａｔ细胞ＩＬ－２Ｒα链ｍＲＮＡ转录，并降低膜表面ＩＬ－２Ｒα链的表达和细胞培养上清中可溶性ＩＬ－２Ｒ（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）水平。     

高压氧抗小鼠同种皮肤移植排斥反应的实验研究

目的：探讨高压氧抗移植排斥反应机理。方法：Ｃ５７ＢＬ／６小鼠接受ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠移植皮片后，在９９２％Ｏ２，０２５ｍＰａ条件下每天１ｈ直至皮片排斥。动态观察移植局部Ｔ细胞及亚群，ＩＬ－２Ｒ（α）阳性细胞浸润情况以及混合淋巴细胞培养（ＭＬＣ）、细胞杀伤活性（ＬＭＣ）等。结果：高压氧组小鼠移植皮片存活时间明显延长；移植局部Ｔｈｙ－１，Ｌ３Ｔ４，Ｌｙｔ－２及ＩＬ－２Ｒ（α）阳性细胞浸润明显减少，ＭＬＣ及ＬＭＣ均降低。结论：高压氧可通过抑制移植局部Ｔ淋巴细胞浸润及ＩＬ－２Ｒ表达以及Ｈ－２诱导的增殖反应及杀伤活性，从而抑制移植排斥反应。     

儿童T细胞活化时细胞内钙离子的变化

本文用钙指示剂Ｆｌｕｏ－３标记正常儿童外周血单个核细胞，经流式细胞仪分析了几种激活剂对Ｔ细胞内钙离子浓度的影响。结果表明：（１）静止期Ｔ细胞内钙离子浓度为１６２±８７ｎＭ，抗ＣＤ３单克隆抗体交联ＧＡＭＩｇ刺激后，Ｔ细胞内钙离子浓度上升；（２）用抗ＣＤ３单克隆抗体和ＩＬ－２或ＰＭＡ和ｉｏｎｏｍｙｃｉｎ作用Ｔ细胞，细胞内钙离子浓度上升，但其浓度低于用抗ＣＤ３单克隆抗体交联ＧＡＭＩｇ刺激时的浓度；（３）去除抗ＣＤ３单克隆抗体和ＩＬ－２或ＰＭＡ和ｉｏｎｏｍｙｃｉｎ对Ｔ细胞的作用，培养后细胞内钙离子浓度又恢复到静止状态，再加入抗ＣＤ３单克隆抗体交联ＧＡＭＩｇ刺激发现细胞内钙离子显著地升高；（４）钙离子阻断测定提示早期钙离子升高是Ｔ细胞内钙离子池释放的，而细胞外钙离子的流入对于维持钙离子持续上升是必要的。     

淫羊藿甙逆转转化生长因子β2对LAK,CD3AK细胞的免疫抑 …

目的 探讨淫羊藿甙逆转转化生长因子β２（Ｔｒａｎｓｆｏｒｍｉｎｇ Ｇｒｏｗｔｈ Ｆａｃｔｏｒ β２ＴＧＦβ２）对ＬＡＫ、ＣＤ３ＡＫ细胞的免疫抑制作用及其机制。方法 采用ＭＴＴ法,ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ和流式细胞术。结果 淫羊藿降转受ＴＧＦβ２抑制的ＬＡＫ和ＣＤ３ＡＫ细胞的杀伤活性,并能部分恢复受ＴＧＦβ２抑制的ＬＡＫ细胞表面ＩＬ－２Ｒα表达和ＣＤ３ＡＫ细胞内穿孔素ｍＲＮＡ水平,以及ＣＤ３ＡＫ细胞的增殖活性。     

绿茶儿茶素体内增强小鼠的肿瘤免疫反应

研究绿茶儿茶素（Ｇｒｅｅｎｔｅａｃａｔｅｃｈｉｎ，ＧＴＣ）在小鼠体内对淋巴瘤Ｌ５１７８Ｙ免疫反应的影响。结果表明，ＧＴＣ能（１）促进对Ｌ５１７８Ｙ产生免疫反应的小鼠细胞的特异性增殖，这一作用在ＧＴＣ２ｍｇ／ｄ灌喂的小鼠尤为显著，增殖作用比不灌喂的高６～１０倍；（２）加强特异性ＣＴＬ的诱导；（３）增加ＩＬ－２分泌和ＩＬ－２ｍ－ＲＮＡ表达；（４）培强ＮＫ细胞活性。ＧＴＣ上述作用可能与降低巨噬细胞的抑制     

Level of functioning of siblings and parents of probands of varying degrees of retardation

A further analysis of already published data supports the position that retardates of low ability level less frequently have retarded siblings, retarded parents, and parents low in occupational level than do retardates higher in ability level. The analysis supports the position that there are two types of retarded individuals, persons retarded as a result of gene or chromosomal anomalies, brain injury, etc., who more frequently occur in the lower-level retardate group, and persons whose retardation represents polygenic segregation, who more frequently occur in the higher-level group.     

Modes of Inheritance of Errors of Refraction

Eighteen families in which both parents had refractions within the range of +4·0 D to −4·0 D and axial lengths seen in emmetropia (22·3-26·0 mm) showed coefficients of correlation of the order 0·5 indicative of polygenic inheritance. Such coefficients were seen for axial length (0·407) and for the cornea (0·487), but not for the lens (which is known to be yoked to the axial length). No such coefficients were seen in 19 families in which one of the parents had axial length outside the emmetropic range (nine families with long axes and 10 with short axes).

The pattern of polygenic inheritance for emmetropia (completely correlated optical components) and errors of refraction up to 4·0 D (inadequately correlated components: correlation ametropia) follows that seen in stature and other measurable characters. In contrast the high refractive errors with their abnormal axial lengths (component ametropia) are—like the extremes in stature—pathological anomalies with monofactorial inheritance.

     

Aspects of the problem of direct introduction of Standards of International Organizations

Editorial note. This article is published as part of a discussion. Particular issues of the article are disputable. First of all, this concerns the so-called “folder” method of introduction of international standards for medical devices to domestic medical practice (i.e., by direct translation of the standards and their publication as standardizing documents). Nevertheless, at least one of the problems, the problem of coordination between domestic state standards for medical devices and international recommendations of ISO and IEC, is undoubtedly of topical importance. Advancement of new health service legislation which is to be approved by law-makers will definitely introduce corrections into the present situation. The Editorial Board of Meditsinskaya Tekhnika believes this article will lessen these problems and to be welcomed by readers.