心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ和肌酸激酶MB同功酶的检测在急性心肌梗死早期诊断中的临床价值

目的 探讨心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ（cTnI）检测在早期诊断急性心肌梗死（AMI）中的临床价值。方法 检测30例AMI患者，35例不稳定性心绞痛（UAP）患者，30例骨骼肌损伤（SM）患者血清cTnI、CK—MB含量，与30例门诊健康体检者做对照比较；并对AMI患者在胸痛发生不同时段进行动态检测。结果AMI组与对照组相比．cTnI和CK—MB含量均明显升高差异有极显著性P〈0．01，AMI组与UAP和SM组比较，cTnI含量仍显著升高差异有极显著性P〈0．01，而CK—MB含量差异无显著性P〉0、05；cTnI在AMI发生4小时内就显著升高，二者的最高峰值在8～16小时内均可出现，72小时后，cTnI和CK—MB降至临界水平，而cTnI在7天后仍高于对照组。结论cTnI诊断AMI敏感性高，特异性强，在血清中出现时间早，持续时间长，有着更宽的诊断时间窗，诊断有效性明显优于CK-MB，对AMI患者的早期诊断和预后判断有较好的临床价值。     

hs-CRP、cTnI、Mb、CK-MB 测定对急性冠状动脉综合征的诊断价值

目的 探讨高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、肌红蛋白(Mb)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)测定在急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)中的诊断价值.方法 对30例ST段抬高(STEMI)ACS和23例非ST段抬高(NSTEMI)ACS患者于症状出现后的0～2 h、4～6 h分别进行hs-CRP、cTnI、Mb和CK-MB检测,并进行比较分析.结果 (1)ST段抬高组和非ST段抬高组0～2 h:hs-CRP和Mb检测阳性率高于cTnI和CK-MB,春差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);且两组间cTnI、Mb、CK-MB阳性率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).(2)4～6 h:ST段抬高组hs-CRP、cTnI、Mb、CK-MB检测阳性率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);而非ST段抬高组hs-CRP、cTnI、Mb检测阳性率高于CK-MB,且两组间所有结果比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 ACS患者早期检测hs-CRP、Mb,敏感性优于cTnI、CK-MB;hs-CRP、cTnI、Mb能检测出微小心肌损伤;非ST段抬高的ACS患者有50%左右存在微小心肌梗死;hs-CRP、cTnI、Mb、CK-MB测定对诊断SIEMI具有很高的敏感性.     

肌钙蛋白Ⅰ与CK-MB联合检测对急性心肌梗死的诊断价值

目的探讨肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)与CK-MB联合检测对急性心肌梗死(AM I)的临床诊断价值。方法采用罗氏电发光2010自动生化分析仪和日立7180生化分析仪,测定62例AM I患者、50例健康体检者血清的cTnI、肌酸激酶(CK)和CK-MB,并对结果进行统计学分析。结果AM I组血清cTnI、CK和CK-MB高于正常对照组(P<0.01)。cTnI与CK-MB联合检测阳性率为96.7%,高于前三者,且动态检测对早期AM I敏感性更高、阳性持续时间更长。结论肌钙蛋白I与CK-MB联合检测能提高早期急性心肌梗死的检出率,具有更宽的诊断时间窗。     

Evaluation of a new ultrasensitive assay for cardiac troponin I

OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the analytical and clinical performance of a new ultrasensitive cardiac troponin I assay (cTnI) on the ADVIA Centaur system (TnI-Ultra). DESIGN AND METHODS: The evaluation included the determination of detection limit, within-assay and between-assay variation and comparison with two other non-ultrasensitive methods. Moreover, cTnI was determined in 120 patients with acute chest pain with three methods. To evaluate the ability of the new method to detect MI earlier, it was assayed in 8 MI patients who first tested negative then positive by the other methods. RESULTS: The detection limit was 0.009 microg/L and imprecision was <10% at all concentrations evaluated. In comparison with two other methods, 10% of the anginas diagnosed were recategorized to MI. CONCLUSIONS: The ADVIA Centaur TnI-Ultra assay presented high reproducibility and high sensitivity. The use of the recommended lower cutpoint (0.044 microg/L) implied an increased and earlier identification of MI.     

免疫增强比浊法与电化学发光法测定急性心脏病患者肌钙蛋白和肌红蛋白的相关性分析

目的比较在急性心肌梗死或急性心绞痛时免疫增强比浊法与电化学发光法两种方法测定肌钙蛋白（cTn）和肌红蛋白（Mb）两种蛋白的相关性。方法采用免疫增强比浊法与电化学发光法对cTn和Mb进行测定比较和相关性分析。结果两种方法测定cTn有显著相关性（P〈0．05）,Mb有极显著相关性（P〈0．01）。结论两种方法测定急性心肌梗死或急性心绞痛患者cTn和Mb有显著相关性,免疫增强比浊法可以在全自动生化分析仪上测定,方便、快速、成本低;电化学发光法需专供试剂,成本高,不利于急诊：     

Mb和cTn对AMI诊断的价值及文献评价

目的运用循证医学（EBM）理论,研究和评价有关肌红蛋白（Mb）和肌钙蛋白（cTn）对急性心肌梗死（AMI）诊断的文献,探讨Mb和cTn对AMI诊断的价值。方法按照EBM标准,对1994—2005年间《中国学术期刊检索数据库》、《中国生物医学期刊数据库》、《外文生物医学期刊文献数据库》中以Mb、肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）或肌钙蛋白T（cTnT）作为检测指标诊断AMI的全部文献（包括论文、综述、摘要）进行回顾性检索并作出评价。结果1994—2005年间共检索到目标文献中文93篇,英文30篇,多数文献设有临床对照试验（中文占94．5％,英文占53．3％）、盲法研究（中文占19．8％,英文占10．0％）及随机对照组（中文占9．9％,英文占16．7％）;42篇文章未提供基线资料。结论通过分析、研究和评价目前国内外应用Mb和cTn对AMI诊断的文献,表明Mb和cTnI联合检测能体现最佳的灵敏度和特异性,对AMI的早期诊断具有非常重要的临床意义。     

Evaluation of Stratus CS stat fluorimetric analyser for measurement of cardiac markers Troponin I (cTnI), creatine kinase MB (CK-MB), and myoglobin.

Myoglobin, CK-MB, and Troponin I (cTnI) are cardiac muscle necrosis markers that are useful for detecting acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The Stratus CS (Dade Behring, Inc.) is a discrete fluorimetric immunoassay analyser designed for the determination of the three cardiac markers from a single sample of whole blood or plasma. Overall analytical performances of the Stratus CS provided by Dade Behring were evaluated according to the French Society of Clinical Biology guidelines. Within-run imprecision (n = 20) for the three parameters at three levels gave values under 5%, whereas CVs for between-run imprecision (n = 20) were under 6%. The sensitivities were 0.03 microg/L for cTnI and 0.4 microg/L for CK-MB. Linearities extended from 0-50 microg/L for cTnI, 0-140 microg/L for CK-MB, and 1-900 microg/L for myoglobin. The results, particularly those obtained on whole-blood samples, correlated well with those obtained on Stratus II. We did not find any interference with haemolysis, icterus, or lipemia. The system was very easy to use, and fulfills the requirements for the analysis of the three cardiac markers in patients with acute chest pain in emergency situations.     

冠心病患者CK-MB、cTnI、hs-CRP及NT-proBNP联合检测的临床价值探讨

目的探讨血清CK～MB、cTnI、hs～CRP及NT～proBNP联合检测在不同类型冠心病中临床应用价值。方法测定稳定型心绞痛(SAP组)41例、不稳定型心绞痛(UAP组)43例、非ST型抬高型心肌梗死(NSTEMI组)20例、ST抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI组)37例与同期健康体检人员40例作为对照组。所有入选对象均检测血清CK～MB、cTnI及NT～proBNP并进行分析。结果血清CK～MB、cTnI、hs～CRP及NT～proBNP的水平随冠状动脉疾病病情的逐渐加重而递增,血清CK～MB、hs～CRP及NT～proBNP水平与cTnI水平呈正相关,STEMI组血清标志物水平明显高于其他四组,具有显著性相关(P<0.01),NSTEACS者与SAP组及对照组亦具有显著差异性。结论血清CK～MB、cTnI、hs～CRP及NT～proBNP联合检测在冠心病尤其ACS的诊断,病情严重程度再梗死、预后判断及随诊等方面具有重要的临床意义。     

心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ、肌红蛋白检测在急性心肌梗塞中的诊断价值

目的探讨CTnⅠ、Mb对急性心肌梗塞(AMI)早期诊断的价值.方法对26例AMI患者、41例不稳定性心绞痛(UAP)患者、30例骨骼肌损伤(SM)患者和30例健康者进行血清CTnⅠ、Mb、CK-MB的测定,并对AMI患者胸痛发生不同时段进行动态检测.结果 AMI患者入院时CTnⅠ、Mb、CK-MB的阳性检出率分别是65.4%、73.1%、53.8%.CK-MB在UAP组和SM组,Mb在SM组中有较高的阳性率,而CTnⅠ在UAP和SM组中未检出.CTnⅠ、Mb在AMI发生4h内就呈显著升高,三项指标的最高峰值在8～16h内均可出现,72h后Mb、CK-MB降至临界值,而CTnⅠ 7天后仍高于对照组.结论 CTnⅠ、CK-MB、Mb在AMI早期诊断价值基本相同,CTnI有更宽的诊断时间窗和独特的特异性,是AMI早期诊断的首选指标.     

心肌型脂肪酸结合蛋白与cTnT、CK-MB组合诊断早期急性冠脉综合征的比较

目的 研究心肌型脂肪酸结合蛋白(H-FABP)对早期急性冠脉综合征(ACS)的诊断价值,比较不同心脏标志物联合检测诊断ACS的价值.方法 选择2010年4月至2011年6月因胸痛发作6h内就诊于北京大学第三医院急诊科的疑似ACS患者103例,就诊即刻采肘静脉血5ml.采用快速检测试剂盒(胶体金法)检测H-FABP,同时测定肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)和肌酸激酶同工酶MB (CK-MB).采用SPSS 17.0软件比较3种心脏标志物及不同心脏标志物组合在诊断急性心肌梗死(AMI)的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值以及不同时间段诊断AMI的灵敏度和特异度.结果 在ACS发病6h内,H-FABP对AMI的诊断灵敏度(62.5％)高于cTnT(30.6％)和CK-MB (33.3％),差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01),特异度和阳性预测值差异无统计学意义.H-FABP+ cTnT组合的阴性预测值最高(53.8％).H-FABP在AMI发病3～6h的灵敏度(77.8％)高于发病0～3 h(53.3％),差异具有统计学意义(P=0.038).在AMI发病0～3h,H-FABP+ cTnT组合和H-FABP+ CK-MB组合的诊断灵敏度(55.6％)高于cTnT+ CK-MB组合(24.4％),差异具有统计学意义(P =0.003).在发病0～3h和3～6h,H-FABP+ cTnT组合诊断灵敏度高于单一检测H-FABP(分别提高3.3％和7.4％),H-FABP+ cTnT组合的诊断灵敏度在发病3～6h最高(85.2％).结论 H-FABP是目前早期(0～6 h)诊断ACS最敏感的心脏生化标志物,尤以发病3～6 h更为敏感.H-FABP+ cTnT组合比单一检测H-FABP的诊断灵敏度高,发病3～6h的H-FABP+ cTnT组合具有最好的诊断价值.     

血清肌钙蛋白T及血浆同型半胱氨酸在急性冠脉综合征中的作用

目的　探讨急性冠脉综合征时高同型半胱氨酸血症和心脏肌钙蛋白T的关系 ,评价高同型半胱氨酸血症是否能导致心肌损伤程度加重。方法　AMI 5 3例 ,UAP 5 5例 ,采用荧光标记免疫检测法测定血浆同型半胱氨酸 (Hcy) ,酶联免疫法 (ELISA)测定肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)。结果　AMI组Hcy明显升高时cTnT也明显升高 ,Hcy大于 16 0 μmol/L时cTnT明显高于Hcy小于 7 7μmol/L(P <0 0 1) ,Hcy分别为 7 7、9 0、11 3、14 3、16 0 μmol/L时cTnT分别为 4 6 3、4 6、4 8、6 2、7 8μg/L ;UAP组同样 ,Hcy分别为 9 8、11 0、12 1、12 8、15 4 μmol/L时cTnT分别为 0 0 3、0 0 3、0 0 2、0 0 4、0 15 μg/L ,最高浓度组与最低浓度组方差分析显示P <0 0 1。UAP组cTnT阳性者血浆Hcy浓度比阴性者显著升高 (P <0 0 0 1)。结论　血浆同型半胱氨酸浓度升高与ACS时心肌损伤有关。     

cTnI、CK-MB和MB定量检测在急性心肌梗死诊断中的价值

目的探讨心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)和肌红蛋白(MB)定量分析对急性心肌梗死诊断的临床价值。方法对96例急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者胸痛发作后24h内定量检测血清cTnI、CK-MB、MB浓度,比较它们对AMI诊断的敏感性和特异性。结果急性AMI患者的cTnI、CK-MB、MB的检测结果分别为(7.17±6.32)μg/L、(93±45)IU/L和(593±218)μg/L,较正常对照组均有显著性升高(P0.05)。cTnI、CK-MB、MB对AMI的敏感性分别为97.9%、78.1%和100%,特异性分别为97.5%、95.8%和87.5%。结论急性AMI患者的cTnI、CK-MB、MB值均明显升高。CK-MB、MB在AMI诊断中具有较高的灵敏度和特异性,cTnI具有很高的灵敏度和特异性。cTnI是诊断AMI最好指标,为梗死诊断提供必要的信息。     

Cardiac markers: present and future

In the early twentieth century, acute myocardial infarction secondary to acute thrombotic coronary occlusion was considered a rare, fatal condition. Acute myocardial infarction is now one of the most-commmon serious illnesses in the industrialized world. Laboratory medicine now plays a crucial role in identifying risk factors, early events, and conditions triggering plaque rupture in coronary ischemic disease. However, the greatest progress in laboratory research has resulted from the discovery of new and more-promising biochemical markers of myocardial damage. The discovery of cardiac troponins, in particular, has heralded a new age in the diagnosis and treatment or management of a broad spectrum of diseases, grouped together under the heading of acute coronary syndrome, and including stable and unstable angina, and non-Q wave infarction to Q-wave infarction. Cardiac troponins, which are selectively released by damaged myocardiocytes, have a specificity that has not only allowed an improvement in the diagnosis of acute cardiac ischemic disorders, but has also enabled us to make a more-reliable stratification of risk and prediction of outcome. It is generally agreed that two biochemical markers should be used: an early marker (and we recommed myoglobin for this) and a definitive marker, which is cardiac troponin (I or T). Future research is likely to include the standardization of methods for measuring current markers, troponin I in particular, the assessment of rapid bedside tests, and the investigation of the relationship between cardiac markers and emerging immunological and coagulation parameters. Thrombogenesis is now recognized as important in the final process of coronary atherosclerosis, and new markers of thrombogenesis should be used to evaluate the risk of plaque rupture and to monitor the outcome of thrombolytic therapy. Moreover, recent vascular biology studies have provided information on the developmental stages of atherosclerosis and emphasized the importance of the endothelium as a modulator of vascular reactivity, atherogenesis, and plaque stability. The different types of laboratory test (biochemical, immunological, and coagulative) now available, should soon allow improvement in the diagnosis and therapy of ischemic coronary diseases.     

Quality specifications for biochemical markers of myocardial injury

BACKGROUND: The current approach to the diagnosis and monitoring of myocardial damage, recognizes to biochemical markers, and in particular to troponins, a key role being well demonstrated that all elevated values were associated with a worsened prognosis. In 2001, the IFCC Committee on Standardization of Markers of Cardiac Damage published guidelines addressing the quality specifications for troponin assays in order to guarantee an analytical performance satisfying medical requirements and to standardize the quality of commercial methods. We describe how the application of quality specifications may be useful in daily practice, in order to provide advice to clinicians in the investigations of complex clinical cases of patients suffering from myocardial damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The samples from three patients (cases 1-3) admitted to the hospital with symptoms suggestive of cardiac disease, showing high troponin I (cTnI) values not correlated with clinical condition, were investigated in order to verify the accuracy of the laboratory data. The standard of quality specifications related to assay specificity, imprecision and interferences were evaluated using different platforms for cTnI assays, carrying out imprecision profile and specific studies on more common interferents in immunoassays. RESULTS: The obtained results allow us to demonstrate two cases of false-positive cTnI values attributable to a macrocomplex between a modified "in vivo" cTnI and immunoglobulin G (case 1) and to a presence of heterophilic antibodies affecting the RxL Dimension procedure (case 3). Instead, the accuracy of data obtained in case 2 was evidenced by the imprecision profile obtained in our laboratory and by the comparison of results between different laboratories using same platform. CONCLUSIONS: The lack of standardization as well as the wide differences in the development of each assay give rise to major concerns regarding cTnI determinations. The laboratory must therefore check the compliance between the analytical characteristics of the method utilised against recommended quality specifications for a reliable understanding of the frequency of false-positive results as well as other serious analytical errors.     

Determination of myoglobin: comparative evaluation of the new automated VIDAS assay with two other immunoassays

OBJECTIVES: Myoglobin provides the earliest indication of acute myocardial infarction. In this study, the new myoglobin assay for the VIDAS system (bioMérieux) was evaluated. DESIGN AND METHODS: This assay, using an enzyme-linked fluorescent immunoassay (ELFIA) method, was compared with the Olympus immunoturbidimetric method and with another immunometric method (Immulite turbo) using an enzyme-linked chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA). RESULTS: The CVs for within-and between-run reproducibility are very similar for the tested methods and acceptable linearity ranges were obtained. No significant interference of hemolysis, turbidity and icteria was observed. In the whole cohort, we obtained decreased values over the entire range of the assay with VIDAS and Immulite turbo methods compared to the Olympus assay; this is probably mainly linked to differences in standards used due to the absence of international standardization of the myoglobin determination. CONCLUSIONS: The new VIDAS myoglobin automated assay provides biologists with a rapid, accurate and reliable determination of myoglobin in plasma samples collected during cardiac workup.     

心脏标志物检测对急性冠状动脉综合征患者的作用及效果评价

目的探讨心脏标志物的临床变化,及其指导护理急性冠状动脉综合征（ACS）患者的作用效果。方法将心血管内科和CCU的ACS患者100例随机分为观察组和对照组各50例。对照组接受常规护理,观察组在常规护理组的基础上结合心脏标志物的阳性结果,对患者进行干预。比较2组患者B型钠尿肽、肌红蛋白、肌酸激酶同工酶、心肌钙蛋白I、心电图正常、心力衰竭、心源性休克等指标的变化情况,并比较2组患者及家属对护理人员的评价。结果B型钠尿肽、肌红蛋白、肌酸激酶同工酶、心肌钙蛋白I、心电图正常、心力衰竭、心源性休克等指标比较观察组显著优于对照组,观察组患者及家属对护理人员有较满意的评价。结论心脏标志物的检测不仅对ACS的诊断、危险分层和预后判断有重要意义,而且对指导护理ACS患者有着重要的作用,提高了护士对危险因素的识别能力,及时采取有效的措施,减少并发症,降低死亡率,提高患者与家属的满意度。     

Diagnostic and prognostic role of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) measured on the DPC Immulite

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic role of the Immulite cTnI assay for the detection of acute coronary syndromes (ACS). POPULATION: 150 males and 63 females with a median age of 63 years, range 28 to 88, and an interquartile range of 18 years were admitted within 24 h of chest pain and non-ST segment elevation ACS were studied. The median onset of symptoms was 3 h (range 0-23). METHODS: Venous samples were taken on admission (t = 0) and at 24 h (t = 24). The serum samples were assayed for CK, CK-MB and cTnT on an Elecsys 1010 (Roche Diagnostics, Lewes, UK). The cTnT assay CV was 5.5% at 0.32 microg/l and 5.4% at 6.0 microg/l, and the detection limit was 0.01 microg/l with an upper limit of 25 microg/l. For cTnI using the Immulite (DPC, Gwynedd, Wales), the detection limit was 0.1 microg/l, and the upper limit was 180 microg/l. Final diagnostic categorization was performed by both WHO and European Society of Cardiology criteria using cTnT as the diagnostic cardiac biomarker. Patients were followed for the major adverse cardiac events (MACE), endpoints cardiac death, AMI or need for urgent revascularization. ROC curves were constructed using final diagnosis. Outcome prediction was assessed by ROC curves and Kaplan-Meier survival curves. RESULTS: Both methods had equivalent diagnostic efficiency using WHO criteria for AMI. When ESC criteria were used the AUC for admission and 24 h cTnT and cTnI values were 0.945 vs. 0.910, P = 0.20 and 0.998 vs. 0.937, P = 0.005, respectively. Both methods predicted outcome as either death or MI or MACE and were not significantly different. CONCLUSION: The Immulite cTnI assay can be used for diagnosis and risk stratification in patients admitted with non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes.     

心脏标志物检测对急性冠状动脉综合征患者的作用及效果评价

目的 探讨心脏标志物的临床变化,及其指导护理急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者的作用效果.方法 将心血管内科和CCU的ACS患者100例随机分为观察组和对照组各50例.对照组接受常规护理,观察组在常规护理组的基础上结合心脏标志物的阳性结果,对患者进行干预.比较2组患者B型钠尿肽、肌红蛋白、肌酸激酶同工酶、心肌钙蛋白I、心电图正常、心力衰竭、心源性休克等指标的变化情况.并比较2组患者及家属对护理人员的评价.结果 B型钠尿肽、肌红蛋白、肌酸激酶同工酶、心肌钙蛋白I、心电图正常、心力衰竭、心源性休克等指标比较观察组显著优于对照组,观察组患者及家属对护理人员有较满意的评价.结论 心脏标志物的检测不仅对ACS的诊断、危险分层和预后判断有重要意义,而且对指导护理ACS患者有着重要的作用,提高了护士对危险因素的识别能力,及时采取有效的措施,减少并发症,降低死亡率,提高患者与家属的满意度.     

三种心肌标志物检测对心肌梗死及心力衰竭临床诊断的价值

目的探讨血清氨基末端B型钠尿肽原（NT-proBNP）、肌红蛋白（Myo）、心肌肌钙蛋白T（cTnT）对急性心肌梗死（AMI）及心力衰竭（HF）患者的临床诊断价值,研究3种标志物的特点,并根据其特点和患者病情选用合适的标志物。方法采用电化学发光免疫方法检测55例AMI患者治疗前、后以及105例HF患者、30名健康正常者的NT-proBNP、Myo、cTnT水平。按照美国纽约心脏病协会（NYHA）心功能分级标准将HF患者分为Ⅰ～Ⅳ级。比较各组的差异并作相关性分析,同时采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线评估3种标志物的灵敏度和特异性。结果 cTnT、Myo在AMI患者胸痛时间6 h内的诊断灵敏度分别为76.2%和93.9%,胸痛时间〉6 h时的诊断灵敏度分别为90.5%和55.6%,AMI患者治疗后NT-proBNP、Myo、cTnT水平明显低于治疗前（P〈0.05）。NYHAⅠ～Ⅳ级的HF患者间NT-proBNP、Myo、cTnT水平差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。HF患者NT-proBNP水平与NYHA分级的相关性（rs=0.884）高于Myo（rs=0.652）和cTnT（rs=0.726）。结论在心功能分级以及AMI早期预警和早期诊断方面,NT-proBNP的灵敏度及相关性要明显优于Myo和cTnT,还常用于在呼吸困难人群中鉴别HF患者。Myo常作为急诊中排除急性心肌梗死的指标,早期诊断时要结合患者胸痛时间,观察有无再梗死或梗死再扩展。cTnT诊断AMI的特异性优于其他标志物,但要等到心肌梗死后才能做出判断。