巨块型宫颈癌动脉栓塞新辅助化疗

目的探讨巨块型宫颈癌患者动脉栓塞新辅助化疗的疗效、毒性及对患者远期生存率的影响。方法52例巨块型宫颈癌患者按治疗方法不同分两组,观察组（22例）为动脉栓塞新辅助化疗,对照组（30例）为手术治疗。分析治疗后的近期疗效及3年和5年累积生存率。结果观察组总有效率为95．4％,其术后宫旁浸润、宫颈管浸润,阴道切缘阳性率及盆腔淋巴结转移率与对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,观察组3年和5年的累计生存率分别为85．23％,71．02％,对照组3年和5年的累计生存率分别为79．17％,48．74％,两者比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论巨块型宫颈癌患者动脉栓塞新辅助化疗是安全有效的,可以缩小巨块型宫颈癌局部病灶以提高手术率,亦不增加化疗或手术并发症。     

术前新辅助化疗对Ⅰb2～Ⅱb期宫颈癌患者治疗效果观察

目的：探讨对Ⅰb2～Ⅱb期宫颈癌患者采用术前新辅助化疗联合宫颈癌根治术治疗的临床效果。方法回顾性分析郁南县第二人民医院2009年7月至2011年9月收治的89例宫颈癌患者的临床资料,根据是否采用术前新辅助化疗分为化疗组（术前化疗＋手术治疗,47例）和手术组（直接采用手术治疗,42例）,比较两组患者近期疗效、3年无瘤生存率及3年总生存率差异。结果化疗组不同病理分期化疗总有效率为Ⅰb2期92．86％、Ⅱa期80．00％、Ⅱb期69．23％,不同病理分期患者的化疗效果无显著性差异（χ2＝2．447,P＝0．294）。化疗组鳞癌化疗总有效率为95．83％,显著高于腺癌类型（χ2＝5．738,P＝0．017）。化疗组的手术时间和术中出血量与手术组比较无显著性差异（均P＞0．05）。化疗组和手术组患者术后的标本检查中,阴道切缘阳性率为4．26％和2．38％,两组比较无显著性差异（P＞0．05）,化疗组的淋巴结转移率和脉管浸润率分别为12．77％、17．02％,均显著的低于手术组（χ2值分别为4．369、8．957,均P＜0．05）。化疗组术后的3年无瘤生存率为78．72％（37／47）,显著高于对照组的50．00％（21／42）（χ2＝8．062,P＝0．005）;化疗组术后的3年总生存率为88．23％（41／47）,高于对照组的80．95％（34／42）,但无显著性差异（χ2＝0．660,P＝0．416）。结论对Ⅰb2～Ⅱb期宫颈癌患者采用术前新辅助化疗可以显著提高手术切除率,降低淋巴结转移及脉管浸润,提高术后无瘤生存时间。     

新辅助化疗在宫颈癌治疗中的应用研究

目的 分析新辅助化疗在宫颈癌治疗中的临床应用.方法 回顾性分析湖北省武汉市都市妇产医院自2013年3月至2015年3月收治的IB2~IIB期的宫颈癌根治术前静脉化疗的患者45例(静脉化疗组)及直接行宫颈癌根治术的患者45例(未化疗组)的临床资料.对比两组化疗毒副反应、术中出血情况、手术时间、宫颈深肌层浸润率、盆腔淋巴结转移率、脉管癌栓率、阴道切缘的阳性率.结果 静脉化疗组术中出血量、手术时间显著短于未化疗组(t值分别为4.34、5.45,均P<0.05).静脉化疗组患者中胃肠道反应3例,骨髓抑制2例,肝肾功能损伤2例,其他副反应3例(脱发或口腔溃疡等),程度均较轻,经过对症治疗后均好转,未对后续化疗及手术治疗造成影响.静脉化疗组较未化疗组相比宫颈深肌层浸润率、盆腔淋巴结转移率、脉管癌栓率均明显降低(χ2值分别为5.12、4.90、4.87,均P<0.05),两组患者阴道切缘的阳性率相比无显著性差异(χ2=0.26,P>0.05).静脉化疗组术后1年无瘤生存率为93.3%(42/45),显著高于未化疗组1年无瘤生存率75.6%(34/45),χ2=12.25,P<0.05.静脉化疗组术后1年总生存率为97.8%(44/45),显著高于未化疗组1年无瘤生存率84.4%(38/45),χ2=8.93,P<0.05.结论 将新辅助化疗应用于宫颈癌治疗过程中可减少化疗毒副反应,降低转移与浸润,具有积极的临床意义.     

新辅助化疗对子宫颈癌的疗效分析

[目的]探讨新辅助化疗在Ⅰ b～Ⅲb期宫颈癌术前辅助治疗中的临床效果. [方法]选择2005年1月～2007年1月荆门市第二人民医院收治的68例Ⅰ b～Ⅲb期宫颈癌患者,36例新辅助化疗,其中24例采用静脉化疗,12例采用动脉化疗;32例直接手术,设为对照组,比较两组的疗效、患者术中出血量、宫旁浸润宰、阴道切缘阳性率、淋巴结转移率及并发症的差异.对患者进行随访,分析新辅助化疗对远期预后的影响.[结果] NACT组完全缓解5例,部分缓解26例,总有效率达86.1％;Ⅰ b～ Ⅱb期的有效率(87.1％)明显高于Ⅲa-Ⅲb期(60％);术中出血量NACT组显著少于对照组(P＜ 0.05);NACT组淋巴结转移率(36.1％)低于对照组(50.0％)两者比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).两组的宫旁浸润率分别为2.7％和15.6％,经精确概率法计算,两者比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).NACT组与对照组的1年无瘤生存率分别为78.16％和80.02％,1年总生存率分别为94.05％和95.87％,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).[结论]新辅助化疗对局部晚期宫颈癌患者近期疗效显著,可明显减少术后宫旁浸润,淋巴结转移,降低术后并发症.     

同步放化疗术前用药在局部晚期宫颈癌的临床疗效

目的 观察比较同步放化疗与新辅助化疗术前用药对局部晚期宫颈癌患者的治疗效果.方法 选取90例局部晚期宫颈癌患者并采用信封法随机分为同步放化疗组及新辅助化疗组各45例.同步放化疗组中给予鳞癌患者顺铂(DDP)及博来霉素静脉滴注,每周1次,每28天重复1次;非磷癌患者给予DDP、氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)及丝裂毒素(MMC)静脉滴注,共化疗4个疗程.在化疗后第2天开始配合外照射加腔内近距离放疗2～4次,放疗结束1周行手术治疗.新辅助化疗组患者采用与同步放化疗组患者相同的化疗方案,在化疗结束后10～14天行手术治疗.采用实体瘤疗效评价标准对两组患者进行近期疗效评价,观察比较两组患者治疗期间毒性反应及手术情况,随访两组患者5年,观察比较两组患者远期生存率.结果 同步放化疗组近期总有效率为93.33％,新辅助化疗组近期总有效率为88.89％,两组患者近期疗效无显著差异(P＞0.05).两组患者1年生存率无显著差异(P＞0.05),但同步放化疗组3年生存率及5年生存率均明显高于新辅助化疗组,两组差异显著(x2值分别为4.94和4.41,均P＜0.05).同步放化疗组根治性手术率及手术切缘阴性率均明显高于新辅助化疗组(x2值分别为4.44和4.41,均P＜0.05).两组患者血液毒性及胃肠反应无显著差异(均P ＞0.05),但同步放化疗组放射性直肠炎及放射性膀胱炎发生率均明显高于新辅助化疗组(x2值分别为5.29和4.19,均P＜0.05).结论 对局部晚期宫颈癌患者采用同步放化疗术前用药远期疗效优于新辅助化疗,但不良反应发生率高,临床上应根据患者实际情况选择综合治疗方案.     

巨块型宫颈癌术后大分割放疗加同期化疗临床研究的初步结果

目的探索中晚期宫颈癌根治性术后大分割放疗+同期化疗的疗效及毒性。方法 2007年7月至2012年6月,50例行广泛全子宫切除+盆腔淋巴结清扫术后的巨块型Ib、IIa、IIb期宫颈癌患者纳入分析。治疗采用大分割放疗+同步化疗:放疗方案为3 Gy/次,每周5次,总剂量39 Gy;同步化疗方案为顺铂35~40 mg/m2,每周1次的同步化疗。观察5年无局部复发生存率(LRFS)、5年无瘤生存率(DFS)、5年无远处转移生存率(FDMS)、5年总生存率(OS)以及不良反应。结果 5年DFS为74.1%、5年LRFS为86.1%、5年FDMS为80.4%、5年OS为74.7%。所有病例整体治疗耐受性较好,虽然3/4级急性黏膜反应发生率为14%,但未发现严重的胃肠道事件或新的安全性问题。结论宫颈癌术后大分割同步放化疗不良反应可接受,治疗依从性好,总体疗效满意,但需随机对照试验进一步证实。     

经动脉新辅助化疗治疗局部晚期宫颈癌的临床价值

目的评价经动脉新辅助化疗（neoadjuvant intra—arterial chemotherapy,NAIC）治疗宫颈癌的临床疗效。方法选择2000年2月至2003年2月在本院确诊为局部晚期宫颈癌Ⅰb2～Ⅱb期,并符合经动脉新辅助化疗＋手术治疗适应证的患者86例为研究对象。将其随机分为NAIC组（n=43）和单纯手术组（n=43）（本研究疗程符合南充市中心医院人体试验委员会制定的伦理学标准,得到该委员会批准,且分组征得受试对象的知情同意,并与之签署临床研究知情同意书）。对NAIC组和单纯手术组的手术时间,术中出血量、术后并发症及5年生存率等进行对比分析。结果经动脉新辅助化疗＋手术治疗较单纯手术具有手术时间短、术中出血量少、术后并发症低、术后5年生存率高[（148．0±17．8）min vs．（182．0±20．1）min;（350．0±21．5）mL vs．（480．0±23．6）mL;2．3％ vs ;18．6％;79％vs．58％）]等优点,两组比较,差异有显著意义（P〈0．05）。结论经动脉新辅助化疗＋手术治疗局部晚期宫颈癌,可控制肿瘤微小浸润,减小肿瘤体积,提高手术切除率及患者5年生存率。     

早期宫颈小细胞神经内分泌癌20例临床分析

目的:探讨早期宫颈小细胞神经内分泌癌(SCNEC)的临床特点、治疗及预后。方法:回顾性分析20例SC-NEC患者的临床、病理及随访资料。结果:20例患者的中位年龄为38岁(32～52岁),均行子宫颈癌根治术,术后进行同步放化疗及辅助化疗;术后脉管累及13例,深层间质浸润9例,4例有盆腔淋巴结转移,6例治疗后发生远处转移;中位生存期22个月,总的2年和5年生存率分别为45.0%和25.0%。结论:早期SCNEC具有高度侵袭的生物学行为,预后差,易复发和转移,辅助放疗、化疗可能会提高患者的生存率。     

早期宫颈癌宫旁组织转移的临床特点及危险因素分析

目的探讨早期宫颈癌宫旁组织转移患者临床特点及危险因素。方法回顾性分析太和医院收治的900例ⅠA2~ⅡA2期早期宫颈癌患者的临床资料,所有患者入院后均接受广泛性子宫切除联合盆腔淋巴结清扫术,统计宫颈癌宫旁组织转移例数,总结患者临床特点,分析早期宫颈癌患者宫旁转移的危险因素。结果 (1)900例早期宫颈癌患者发生宫旁组织转移55例,转移率为6.11%,以宫旁软组织转移率最高(3.11%),宫旁脉管次之(1.67%);(2)单因素分析发现:宫颈癌患者发生宫旁组织转移与患者临床分期、肿瘤最大直径、鳞状细胞癌抗原(SCC-Ag)水平、肿瘤浸润深度、脉管浸润、手术切缘、淋巴结转移、累及宫体、累及阴道均有其相关性(P0.05);(3)多因素分析发现:浸润深度、脉管侵犯、手术切缘、淋巴结转移是早期宫颈癌患者发生宫旁组织转移的独立危险因素(P0.05),其中淋巴结转移相关度最高。结论早期宫颈癌患者宫旁组织转移发生率较低,肿瘤浸润深度、脉管侵犯、手术切缘阳性、淋巴结转移均为宫颈癌患者发生宫旁组织转移的危险因素。     

Ⅱ～Ⅳ期宫颈癌根治性放疗的近期疗效观察

目的探讨Ⅱ~Ⅳ期宫颈癌患者根治性放疗疗效及不良反应,探讨宫颈癌的预后影响因素。方法对2005-2014年在浙江省台州市中心医院放射治疗科进行宫颈癌根治性放疗的Ⅱ~Ⅳ期宫颈癌患者共86例的治疗情况进行分析。患者的病理类型以鳞癌为主,占94.18%(81例)。根据2009年国际妇产科联盟(FIGO)病理分期,盆腔放疗方式包括对穿两野照射治疗14例(16.28%),四野盒式放疗20例(23.26%),调强放疗(IMRT)52例(60.46%),同步化疗54例(62.79%)。用Kaplan-Meier计算生存率,用Cox模型进行多因素预后分析。结果患者3年总随访率为89.53%。3年总生存率(OS)和无进展生存率(PFS)分别为78.12%和75.00%,3年总复发转移率为20.93%。发生3级以上急性放射性肠炎6例(6.98%),3、4级急性骨髓抑制分别为22例(25.58%)和3例(3.49%)。多因素分析结果显示,淋巴结转移及放疗方式是影响OS率(HR=3.633,95%CI:1.323~9.976,P0.05;HR=3.944,95%CI:1.128~13.783,P0.05)和PFS率(HR=2.734,95%CI:1.179~6.339,P0.05;HR=2.796,95%CI:1.212~6.596,P0.05)的主要因素。结论Ⅱ~Ⅳ期宫颈癌根治性放疗疗效良好,不良反应轻,淋巴结及放疗方式是影响OS率及PFS率的主要因素。     

中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比率评估胃癌预后的Meta分析

目的分析探讨中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比率(neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, NLR)对胃癌患者预后评估的价值。 方法采用循证医学的meta分析研究。首先,从Embase、Medline和Web of Science数据库中检索关键词gastric cancer、stomach cancer、gastric carcinoma、stomach carcinoma、gastric neoplasm、stomach neoplasm、neutrophil和lymphocyte。然后,根据各纳入研究的总生存率(overall survival, OS)和无进展生存期(progression-free survival, PFS)/无疾病生存期(disease-free survival, DFS)合并生存危险比(hazard ratio, HR)的异质性,决定用固定或随机效应模型计算OS和PFS/DFS的合并HR。若合并HR>1,且其95%可信区间(confidence interval, CI)也>1, 则为NLR升高与胃癌患者OS或PFS/DFS的降低有显著联系。 结果收集18篇文献共纳入5 065例胃癌患者进行meta分析。升高的NLR与OS降低存在显著关联(HR为1.79,95%CI 1.54~2.08)。亚组分析中,胃癌多种治疗方案组和化疗组NLR升高均与OS降低存在显著关联[HR分别为1.84, (95% CI 1.48~2.29)和1.69, (95% CI 1.41~2.03)];而NLR≤3.2组和NLR>3.2组亦均与OS的降低存在显著关联[HR分别为1.80, (95% CI 1.46~2.23)和1.93, (95% CI 1.58~2.36)]。在胃癌患者OS的单因素meta回归分析中, 发表年份、种族、NLR临界值、治疗方案、患者数、进展期患者比例和男性比例都不是引起胃癌患者异质性来源的可能原因(P值分别为0.585、0.887、0.731、0.697、0.613、0.877、0.775)。 结论胃癌患者中升高的NLR与OS降低存在显著的关联,NLR可作为评价胃癌患者预后的标志物。     

新辅助化疗联合手术治疗ⅡB期宫颈癌患者的疗效及其影响因素分析

目的探讨采取新辅助化疗(NACT)联合手术治疗与同步放化疗治疗的国际妇产科联盟(FIGO)临床分期为Ⅱ_B期宫颈癌患者的疗效及其影响因素。 方法选取2010年1月至2018年12月,大连医科大学附属第二医院收治的196例Ⅱ_B期宫颈癌患者为研究对象。按照治疗方案,将其分为联合手术治疗组(n＝95,采取NACT联合手术治疗)与同步放化疗组(n＝101,仅采取同步放化疗)。采用回顾性分析方法,收集2组患者总体生存(OS)期、无进展生存(PFS)期及治疗相关不良反应情况。采用Kaplan-Meier法计算2组患者5年OS率、PFS率等,并采用对数秩检验进行比较。对本研究所有患者的OS期、PFS期影响因素,进行多因素Cox比例风险回归分析。对2组患者的治疗相关不良反应率比较,采用χ²检验。本研究遵循的程序符合2013年新修订的《世界医学协会赫尔辛基宣言》要求。 结果①本研究联合手术治疗组患者的5年OS率、PFS率分别为91.9%与84.0%,均显著高于同步放化疗组的64.2%与64.8%,并且差异均有统计学意义(χ²＝5.920、P＝0.015,χ²＝4.560、P＝0.033)。②对本研究所有患者的OS期与PFS期影响因素的多因素Cox比例风险回归分析结果显示,治疗方式是其OS期的独立影响因素(HR＝0.267,95%CI：0.094～0.758,P＝0.013);治疗方式、肿瘤组织病理类型、肿瘤细胞分化程度、肿瘤直径、患者年龄,均非其PFS期的独立影响因素(P>0.05)。③对联合手术治疗组患者OS期与PFS期影响因素的多因素Cox比例风险回归分析结果显示,手术切缘情况为其OS期、PFS期的独立影响因素(HR＝0.027,95%CI：0.003～0.281,P＝0.003;HR＝0.004,95%CI：0.000～0.197,P＝0.006)。④联合手术治疗组患者的放射性膀胱炎发生率为4.2%(4/95),显著低于同步放化疗组的13.9%(14/101),并且差异有统计学意义(χ²＝5.467、P＝0.019)。 结论对于Ⅱ_B期宫颈癌患者采取术前NACT,再联合手术治疗的疗效优于同步放化疗。采取NACT联合手术治疗患者的手术切缘情况,为其OS期、PFS期的独立影响因素。由于本研究仅为回顾性研究,仍需多中心、大样本、随机对照试验进一步证实NACT联合手术治疗该病患者的疗效及其影响因素。     

Aldehyde dehydrogenase serves as a biomarker for worse survival profiles in ovarian cancer patients: an updated meta-analysis

Background

The purpose of this comprehensive meta-analysis was to assess the association of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) expression with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS)/progression-free survival (PFS) in ovarian cancer patients.

Methods

Systematic searches of Pubmed databases was performed to identify relevant literature published before February 28, 2018. A total of 14 studies (13 articles) with 2210 ovarian cancer patients were pooled. All included studies were performed by using Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for detection of ALDH expression. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were extracted from included studies to evaluate the correlation of ALDH expression with OS and DFS/PFS.

Results

High expression of ALDH was associated with worse OS (HR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.18–1.73) and poor DFS/PFS (HR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.12–2.14). No evidence of publication bias was observed in OS (Begg’s test, P?=?0.113; Egger’s test, P?=?0.355) and DFS/PFS (Begg’s test, P?=?0.655; Egger’s test, P?=?0.189) in ovarian cancer patients. The subgroup of studies with cut-off value of low expression showed that high expression of ALDH was correlated with poor OS (HR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.14–1.62) and DFS/PFS (HR: 1.79; 95% CI: 1.45–2.20) in ovarian cancer patients, with no observed heterogeneity (OS: I² =?0%, P?=?0.45; DFS/PFS: I² =?0%, P?=?0.55).

Conclusion

In conclusion, high expression of ALDH is correlated with worse survival profiles in ovarian cancer patients, indicating that ALDH might act as a potential molecular biomarker for prognosis of ovarian cancer.

     

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Prognostic Value of Serum High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels for Solid Tumors

Numerous studies have demonstrated that serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels correlate strongly with cancer patient survival. However, other studies have had the opposite results. We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the prognostic value of HDL-C levels in people with cancer. We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library (last update by December 28, 2017) for studies evaluating the effect of serum HDL-C levels on cancer patient prognosis. Data from 25 studies covering13,140 patients were included. Combined hazard ratios (HRs) for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were assessed using fixed-effects and random-effects models. High serum HDL-C levels were associated with better OS (pooled HR = 0.70; 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.60–0.82). In the subgroup, the relative high level of HDL-C yielded a favorable outcome in most of tumor types. However, in the nasopharyngeal carcinoma subgroup, the correlation was not significant (combined HR = 1.31; 95% CI (0.91–1.90)). High serum HDL-C levels were associated with better DFS (pooled HR = 0.64; 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.50–0.81)). This meta-analysis demonstrates that high serum HDL-C levels are associated with better OS in patients with solid tumors, but not nasopharyngeal carcinoma; and high serum HDL-C levels are associated with better DFS.     

术前血清CA19-9和NSE对食管鳞癌患者预后的影响

  目的  研究术前血清癌抗原19-9（cancer antigen 19-9,CA19-9）和神经元特异性烯醇化酶（neuron-specific enolase,NSE）对食管鳞癌（esophageal squamous cell carcinoma,ESCC）患者预后的影响。  方法  前瞻性分析176例经病理确诊的食管鳞癌新发病例。应用χ2检验分析CA19-9和NSE与患者一般临床特征之间的关系。运用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线,通过Log-rank法进行生存率的比较,利用Cox比例风险回归模型进行多因素分析。  结果  高CA19-9和NSE联合检测组的食管鳞癌患者预后较差（总生存:HR=2.310,95%CI:1.209~4.418;无病生存:HR=2.354,95%CI:1.265~4.381）。相比于两种标志物单独检测,联合检测CA19-9和NSE对食管鳞癌患者生存预测的准确性更高（总生存:C-index=0.686;无病生存:C-index=0.684）。  结论  术前血清CA19-9和NSE是食管鳞癌患者预后的危险因素,联合检测对食管鳞癌患者预后预测的准确性更高。     

Treatment outcomes of patients with FIGO Stage I/II uterine cervical cancer treated with definitive radiotherapy: a multi-institutional retrospective research study

The purpose of this study was to analyze the patterns of care and outcomes of patients with FIGO Stage I/II cervical cancer who underwent definitive radiotherapy (RT) at multiple Japanese institutions. The Japanese Radiation Oncology Study Group (JROSG) performed a questionnaire-based survey of their cervical cancer patients who were treated with definitive RT between January 2000 and December 2005. A total of 667 patients were entered in this study. Although half of the patients were considered suitable for definitive RT based on the clinical features of the tumor, about one-third of the patients were prescribed RT instead of surgery because of poor medical status. The RT schedule most frequently utilized was whole-pelvic field irradiation (WP) of 30 Gy/15 fractions followed by WP with midline block of 20 Gy/10 fractions, and high-dose-rate intracavitary brachytherapy (HDR-ICBT) of 24 Gy/4 fractions prescribed at point A. Chemotherapy was administered to 306 patients (46%). The most frequent regimen contained cisplatin (CDDP). The median follow-up time for all patients was 65 months (range, 2–135 months). The 5-year overall survival (OS), pelvic control (PC) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates for all patients were 78%, 90% and 69%, respectively. Tumor diameter and nodal status were significant prognostic indicators for OS, PC and DFS. Chemotherapy has potential for improving the OS and DFS of patients with bulky tumors, but not for non-bulky tumors. This study found that definitive RT for patients with Stage I/II cervical cancer achieved good survival outcomes.     

Definitive radiotherapy for primary vaginal cancer: correlation between treatment patterns and recurrence rate

The purpose of this study was to determine the outcomes and optimal practice patterns of definitive radiotherapy for primary vaginal cancer. Between 1993 and 2012, 49 patients were treated with definitive radiotherapy for primary vaginal cancer in three hospitals. Of these, 15 patients (31%) had clinically positive regional lymph node metastasis. A total of 34 patients (70%) received external beam radiotherapy with high-dose-rate brachytherapy (interstitial or intracavitary), and 8 (16%) (with small superficial Stage I tumors) were treated with local radiotherapy. The median follow-up was 33 months (range: 1–169 months). The 3-year overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and loco-regional control (LRC) rates were 83%, 59% and 71%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, the histological type (P = 0.044) was significant risk factors for LRC. In Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Stage I cases, 3 of 8 patients (38%) who did not undergo prophylactic lymph node irradiation had lymph node recurrence, compared with 2 of 12 patients (17%) who underwent prophylactic pelvic irradiation. For Stage III–IV tumors, the local recurrence rate was 50% and the lymph node recurrence rate was 40%. Patients with FIGO Stage I/II or clinical Stage N1 had a higher recurrence rate with treatment using a single modality compared with the recurrence rate using combined modalities. In conclusion, our treatment outcomes for vaginal cancer were acceptable, but external beam radiotherapy with brachytherapy (interstitial or intracavitary) was needed regardless of FIGO stage. Improvement of treatment outcomes in cases of FIGO Stage III or IV remains a significant challenge.     

The impact of abdominal compression on outcome in patients treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy for primary lung cancer

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of abdominal compression (AC) on outcome in patients treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for primary lung cancer. We retrospectively reviewed data for 47 patients with histologically proven non-small cell lung cancer and lung tumour motion ≥8 mm treated with SBRT. Setup error was corrected based on bony structure. The differences in overall survival (OS), local control (LC) and disease-free survival (DFS) were evaluated to compare patients treated with AC (n = 22) and without AC (n = 25). The median follow-up was 42.6 months (range, 1.4–94.6 months). The differences in the 3-year OS, LC and DFS rate between the two groups were not statistically significant (P = 0.909, 0.209 and 0.639, respectively). However, the largest difference was observed in the LC rate, which was 82.5% (95% CI, 54.9–94.0%) for patients treated without AC and 65.4% (95% CI, 40.2–82.0%) for those treated with AC. After stratifying the patients into prognostic groups based on sex and T-stage, the LC difference increased in the group with an unfavourable prognosis. The present study suggests that AC might be associated with a worse LC rate after SBRT using a bony-structure-based set-up.     

Clinical results and toxicity for short-course preoperative radiotherapy and total mesorectal excision in rectal cancer patients

Short-course preoperative radiotherapy (SCPRT) is an alternative method to chemoirradiation for patients with Stage II and III rectal cancer when no downsizing is needed, but there is still widespread reluctance to use this method because of fear of side effects from high-fraction doses. This paper reports on a single institution patient cohort of operated rectal cancer patients after SCPRT, evaluated for chronic adverse effects, local control, progression-free survival and overall survival. Altogether, 257 patients were treated with SCPRT and surgery including total mesorectal excision (92% total mesorectal excision = TME) between 2002 and 2009. Local control and survival were analyzed. Chronic adverse effects for 154 patients without local relapse were evaluated according to the NCI–CTCAE version 4.0 classification, with a median follow-up of 48 months. We found a 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of 71%. The 5-year estimated local control (LC) rate was 94%. A positive resection margin was found in 4% of the patients and was significantly correlated with decreased DFS, OS and LC. Chronic adverse effects were reported by 58% of the patients, of which 10% were Grade 3 toxicities. The most frequent Grade 2 toxicity was stool incontinence (13%). Sexual dysfunction was found in 36% of the patients (31% Grade 1 or 2, and only 5% Grade 3). SCPRT combined with TME produced excellent LC rates together with a low rate of high-grade chronic adverse effects.