应用多普勒能量显像新技术检测肝肾肿瘤

多普勒能量显像（Dopplerpowerimaging，DPI）是最近才发展起来的一种新技术，它对移动的目标以能量显示，不仅能够观察高速度的血流，也可显示小血管内的低速血流，使肿瘤内血流检测敏感性明显高于彩色多普勒血流显像（CDFI）。我们自1994年11月～1995年10月期间，应用DPI技术与CDFI对照观察肝脏、肾脏实质性肿瘤39例61个病灶的血流情况，取得满意效果，现报告如下。1对象和方法1，1对象39例均为我院门诊和住院患者，男23例35个肿瘤，女16例26个肿瘤，年龄24～72岁，平均48岁。瘤体最大12．0cm×g．5cm，最小1．5cm×1．2cm。原发性…     

高频彩色多普勒超声在乳腺肿瘤诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨高频彩色多普勒超声对鉴别乳腺良恶性肿块的应用价值。方法对86例经手术病理确诊的乳腺疾病患者（56例良性,30例恶性）进行术前彩超检查,对比性分析了两组间高频声像图、彩色多普勒血流成像（CDFI）、病灶内血流Adler分级、阻力指数（RI）、峰值流速（PSV）的差异。结果乳腺良恶性肿块声像图鉴别以肿块边界及形态特征最重要,彩色多普勒显示乳腺癌内的血流较良性肿块明显丰富（P〈0．05）,乳腺癌的血管分布异常、频谱多普勒示肿块内动脉血流PSV、RI也是显著高于良性肿块且有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论综合分析和评价血流Adler分级及频谱多普勒各项血流动力学参数（PSV,RI）指标,有助于对乳腺良恶性肿块的鉴别。     

乳腺分叶状肿瘤的彩色多普勒超声诊断

乳腺分叶状肿瘤(phyllode tumor of the breast,PTB)是一种少见的乳腺疾病,占乳腺肿瘤性病变的0.3%～1.0%[1]。本文回顾性分析经手术病理证实的34例乳腺分叶状肿瘤的彩色多普勒超声声像图特征,以提高彩色多普勒超声对乳腺分叶状肿瘤的诊断水平。     

三维彩色多普勒超声在乳腺良恶性肿物血管分布方面的研究

目的:应用三维彩色多普勒超声研究乳腺良恶性肿物的血管分布情况,探讨其在乳腺良恶性肿物诊断中的价值。方法:对94例由手术及病理证实的乳腺肿物患者进行三维彩色多普勒超声检查,探查乳腺供血动脉对乳腺肿物的供血情况,分析乳腺肿物的整体血管分布特征。结果:乳腺供血动脉对乳腺良恶性肿物的供血方式不同。乳腺良性肿物的血管分布形态以"球状"、"星条状"和"树枝状"三种多见,以其作为乳腺良性肿物的诊断标准,敏感性87.8%,特异性82.2%,Youden指数0.70;乳腺恶性肿物的血管分布形态以"荆棘状"、"珊瑚状"和"花环状"三种多见,以其作为乳腺恶性肿物的诊断标准,敏感性73.3%,特异性89.8%,Youden指数0.63。结论:在三维彩色多普勒成像中,乳腺良恶性肿物的血管分布形态是不同的,且有一定规律可循的。     

彩色多普勒超声在乳腺肿块诊断中的应用

彩超作为乳腺无创、简便的检查方法，能够迅速地显示乳腺肿块的大小，形态以及内部结构等，对乳腺肿块的鉴别有重要价值，现将我院经超声诊断的乳腺肿块89例总结分析如下。     

彩色多普勒超声对良恶性乳腺肿瘤的研究

目的：探讨彩色多普勒超声(Colour Doppler Ultrasonography,CDU)在判断乳腺肿物良恶性和腋淋巴结转移的价值。材料和方法：作者分析了58例乳腺实性肿物的彩色多普勒超声和临床怀疑乳腺癌且CDU为阳性的30例病人的腋淋巴结CDU扫查结果。结果：发现34例乳腺癌中26例CDU有阳性表现，而24例良性肿物则均无阳性结果。得出CDU对乳腺癌的敏感性为77％，特异性100%，阳性符合率100%，肿癌直径小于1cm和浸润性小叶癌的CDU阳性率最低。对照术后病理，10例腋淋巴结CDU阳性者均已有淋巴结浸润，另有4例已受累的淋巴结CDU为阴性。CDU对腋淋巴结受累敏感性为71％，特异性100%，阳性符合率100%。结论：CDU对乳腺肿物良恶性以及腋淋巴结转移的判断上有重要的应用价值。     

超声造影在乳腺肿瘤诊断中的应用

目的探讨超声造影在乳腺肿瘤中的鉴别诊断价值。方法通过对经病理证实的139例148个乳腺肿瘤病灶分析,比较常规超声与超声造影联合常规超声诊断结果的差异。结果148个病灶中,病理结果显示良性病灶76个,恶性病灶72个。超声造影联合常规超声在对恶性肿块诊断中的灵敏度为86．1％,特异度为93．4％,准确率为89．9％,均优于单纯常规超声（灵敏度为79．2％,特异度为88-2％,准确率为83．8％）,差异具有统计学意义。结论超声造影的应用可以有效提高超声对乳腺肿瘤良恶性的鉴别能力。     

多普勒超声在乳腺小肿块诊断及鉴别中的应用

目的:评价多普勒超声在乳腺小肿块诊断与鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法:应用彩色多普勒、能量多普勒及脉冲多普勒超声对123例直径小于2cm的乳腺肿块进行检查。结果:72例良性肿块有57例检出血流信号,51例乳腺癌有45例检出血流信号,二者无显著差异。以0~Ⅰ级为少血流信号,Ⅱ~Ⅲ级为多血流信号,对乳腺癌与良性肿块的血流信号多少进行对比分析,二者有显著差异(P<0.01),良性肿块以0~Ⅰ级为主,乳腺癌以Ⅱ~Ⅲ级为主。良性肿块Vmax为9.14±3.25cm/s(-x±SD),乳腺癌Vmax为14.33±3.31cm/s(-x±SD)(P<0.01),良性肿块阻力指数为0.60±0.21(-x±SD),乳腺癌阻力指数为0.71±0.24(-x±SD)(P<0.05),两组数值均有显著性差异。结论:乳腺良性小肿块与乳腺癌在血流丰富程度及血流动力学指标方面有明显差异,多普勒超声在乳腺小肿块诊断及鉴别中有重要作用。     

彩色多普勒超声在乳腺良恶性肿瘤鉴别诊断中的应用研究

目的 探究彩色多普勒超声在乳腺良恶性肿瘤鉴别诊断中的应用.方法 选取2018年3月～ 2019年2月接收的162例乳腺良恶性肿瘤患者作为研究对象,对其临床资料进行分析,162例患者均给予彩色多普勒超声检查,对鉴别诊断结果进行分析.结果 162例患者通过病理结果证实患有恶性肿瘤32例(19.75％),良性肿瘤130例(8...     

肿瘤血管阻力指数和内径在乳腺良、恶性肿瘤鉴别中的应用

目的:探讨肿瘤血管阻力指数和内径对乳腺良、恶性肿瘤的鉴别诊断价值.材料和方法:应用彩色多普勒和频谱多普勒超声检测30例正常乳腺和120例乳腺肿瘤(良性66例,恶性54例),观察其血流分布,计测阻力指数(RI)和血管直径(D).结果:120例乳腺肿瘤中112例(良性60例,恶性52例)能检出血流信号,良性组与正常组相比,血管RI及D差异不显著(P＞0.05);恶性肿瘤组与正常组及良性肿瘤组比较,RI增高和D增宽(P<0.01);乳腺肿瘤动脉RI≥0.82和D≥0.28提示恶性肿瘤敏感性、特异性分别为79%、91%.结论:肿瘤血管阻力指数增高和内径增宽是乳腺良、恶性肿瘤鉴别诊断的重要指标,能提高乳腺恶性肿瘤的诊断准确性.     

Evaluation of breast lesions by power Doppler sonography

The aim of this study was to determine the value of power Doppler sonography in the detection of tumor vascularity in breast lesions and to find new diagnostic criteria for differential diagnosis. Power Doppler sonography was prospectively performed in 102 patients with 118 histologic (n = 116) and cytologic (n = 2) results. A semisubjective scoring system for the intratumoral increase in blood flow compared with the flow in normal breast parenchyma (reference structure) was introduced and the flow pattern registered. The difference in the flow increase for benign and malignant breast disease was highly significant (p≤ 0.0001). This applied especially to invasive cancer above a maximum tumor diameter of 5 mm excluding cancer stage Tis and T1 a. A positive correlation between cancer size and flow increase were found. The flow pattern was an additional feature. The sensitivity was calculated to be between 74.5 and 78.8 %, and the specificity between 74.6 and 77.8 %. The level of flow increase in Power Doppler sonography is an important feature in the differential diagnosis of breast lesions and should be considered together with the established criteria in B-mode ultrasound. The flow pattern might also add some important information. Received: 3 March 2000 Revised: 7 August 2000 Accepted: 26 September 2000     

Role of power Doppler techniques and ultrasound contrast enhancement in the differential diagnosis of focal breast lesions

The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the diagnostic impact of ultrasound in differentiating focal breast lesions with special regard on power Doppler and US contrast agents. The sonographic evaluation of breast lesions has become a standard procedure during the past 15 years. Especially the improvement of B-mode resolution and the use of high-frequency probes increased the diagnostic value of US. Assuming that the neoangiogenetic vascular architecture of solid breast lesions can be depicted reliably by color Doppler, many authors tried to differentiate between benignity and malignancy using Doppler criteria such as flow and morphologic aspects. Additionally, adjuvant techniques, such as harmonic imaging and new US contrast agents, are meant to be success-promising tools. Whereas the sensitivity and specificity of color Doppler have varied in different studies, prognostic prediction and treatment monitoring seem to be the future areas of application. To evaluate sufficiently flow signals of very small vessels with low flow velocity, the use of contrast-enhancing agents may be necessary. Nevertheless, an indispensable condition for successful Doppler-based assessment of the entity of breast lesions is the standardization of techniques, evaluation, analysis and weighting of the parameters. Electronic Publication     

彩色多普勒血流显像和脉冲多普勒技术对乳腺肿块的诊断作用

目的 探讨彩色多普勒血流显像和脉冲多普勒超声在乳腺肿块诊断中的应用价值。方法 对90例乳腺肿块行彩色多普勒血流显像和脉冲多普勒血流研究，测量其血流参数。结果 乳腺恶性肿块内收缩期峰值血流速度（Vp)、阻力指数（RI）、搏动指数（PI）均高于良性肿块，两组间有显性差异（P＜0.01)。结论 在乳腺肿块诊断中，彩色多普勒血流显像和脉冲多普勒技术是一种简便、有效的辅助检查方法。     

能量多普勒超声对乳腺良恶性肿瘤血流形态学及动力学指标的分析

目的:将能量多普勒超声用于乳腺良恶性肿瘤血流形态学及动力学的分析,试图为临床提供更多的乳腺癌早期诊断有价值的信息。方法:术前1周运用能量多普勒超声对76例乳腺良恶性肿瘤患者原发灶的血流形态学以及动力学指标进行分析。结果:能量多普勒检测乳腺良恶性肿瘤的彩色血流分级总体统计学有显著性差异(P<0·05),Ⅲ级血流信号的检出是乳癌的非常重要的指标(P<0·05)。但χ2分割后发现良恶性肿瘤在血流分级Ⅱ级有部分重叠,且25%的良性肿瘤可检出Ⅲ级血流信号。良性肿瘤以分支型和散在星点状为主,其中散在星点状为最多见的良性肿瘤血管形态学特征。恶性肿瘤以中央穿入型和分支型为主(P<0·05),其中中央穿入型为最多见的恶性肿瘤血管形态学特征。只有肿瘤内部的Vmax在鉴别乳腺肿瘤良恶性方面统计学有显著性差异(P<0·05),肿瘤周边血管的血流动力学参数和肿瘤内的RI在鉴别乳腺肿瘤的良恶性方面无统计学意义。如果用百分位数法求得肿瘤内部Vmax:13cm/s为鉴别乳腺肿瘤的良恶性的最佳界值,其敏感性,特异性分别为86%,83%。结论:能量多普勒超声对乳腺良恶性肿瘤血流形态学及动力学指标的检测可为临床提供更多的乳腺癌早期诊断的有价值的信息。     

能量多普勒超声对浆膜下肌瘤的诊断价值

目的评价能量多普勒对浆膜下肌瘤蒂部血流的显示能力，并与彩色多普勒比较。方法62例浆膜下肌瘤患者在灰阶超声观察肿块的声像特征后，用彩色多普勒及能量多普勒对蒂部血流显示进行比较分析。结果彩色多普勒对浆膜下肌瘤蒂部血流显示率为30％（6／20），而能量多普勒显示率为81％（34／42），两组间有显著差异（P〈0．05）。结论在灰阶超声观察肿块声像特征的基础上，能量多普勒为浆膜下肌瘤的诊断可提供重要依据，且明显优于彩色多普勒。     

彩色多普勒超声血流参数测定在乳腺良、恶性肿块鉴别诊断中的价值

目的:评价彩色多普勒超声血流参数(RI、PI、Vmax)在乳腺良、恶性肿块鉴别诊断中的价值.材料和方法:运用高频彩色多普勒超声诊断仪对408个乳腺肿块进行血流检测,对其中超声检出血流的340个乳腺肿块进行多普勒血流参数测定,比较多普勒血流参数在乳腺良、恶性肿块中的差异并对其诊断敏感性、特异性加以分析.结果:乳腺恶性肿块的RI、PI、Vmax值明显高于良性肿块(P<0.001),以RI≥0.72或PI≥1.3或Vmax≥13cm/s诊断乳腺癌,其敏感性和特异性最高,分别为85.5%和82.9%、80%和83.6%、70.1%和82.7%,其中以RI≥0.72的恶性似然比最高为5.0.彩色多普勒超声与灰阶超声征象相结合可使乳腺恶性肿块的超声诊断敏感性和特异性分别达97.6%和93.9%.结论:彩色多普勒超声血流参数测定对乳腺良、恶肿块的鉴别诊断具有重要的参考价值,与肿块的灰阶声像图征象相结合可明显提高乳腺肿块的超声诊断准确率.     

彩色多普勒与二维超声结合在诊断早期乳腺癌中的价值

目的　探讨彩色多普勒血流显像（CDFI）与二维超声结合诊断早期乳腺癌的价值。方法　对45例乳腺肿块（≤2cm）进行CDFI与二维超声检查。结果　乳腺癌21例,其中20例CDFI显示有丰富血流,阻力指数0.70±0.06,明显高于乳腺良性肿块。24例良性肿块中,仅有7例检出血流信号,RI为0.60±0.06(Ρ＜0.01)。结论　CDFI与二维超声结合可明显提高早期乳腺癌诊断的敏感性、特异性和诊断准确率。     

The role of three dimensional transrectal ultrasonography (3-D TRUS) and power Doppler sonography in prostatic lesions evaluation

Aim of work

To evaluate the role of three dimensional (3D), two dimensional (2D) as well as power Doppler transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) in diagnosis of different prostatic lesions.

Patients and methods

2-D TRUS, power Doppler and Transrectal 3-D US were performed for 100 patients between April 2009 and April 2010. All patients had been examined clinically with digital rectal examination (DRE) and had serum prostatic specific antigen (PSA) level (total and free). Patient age ranges from 42 to 67 years and the mean age was 55 years. TRUS guided biopsies were done for 77 cases showing any of the followings: abnormal focal lesion with ultrasound, abnormal vascularity with power Doppler exam, abnormal DRE, elevated serum total PSA >4 ng/ml or when the percent-free PSA is 10% or less in an outpatient setting. The results were recorded and analyzed.

Results

3-D TRUS was more sensitive, specific and more accurate than 2-D TRUS in detecting prostate cancer as it showed estimated sensitivity 78.9% and specificity 94.8% with total accuracy 90.9% with respect to an estimated sensitivity 63.1%, specificity 86.2% and total accuracy 80.5% with 2-D TRUS and was more accurate than 2-D ultrasound in identifying the capsular breaks with an estimated sensitivity 80% with respect to 40% with 2-D TRUS.Power Doppler showed 84.2% sensitivity in detecting prostatic cancer and was of 100% sensitivity in detecting prostatitis. 3-D TRUS was more accurate in estimating the volume of adenoma in cases of BPH with an estimated error not more than +6% with respect to an estimated error not more than +18% for 2-D TRUS.

Conclusion

3-D transrectal ultrasound and power Doppler sonography have specific diagnostic capabilities which added significantly to the ultrasound in detecting and staging of prostatic cancer and in the planning for management .They proved highly valuable in the diagnosis of prostatitis and 3-D TRUS was more accurate than 2-D TRUS in estimating the volume of adenomas in patients with BPH.     

彩色多普勒超声对乳腺良恶性肿块的鉴别诊断价值

目的应用彩色多普勒血流显像（CDFI）观察乳腺肿块的血流特点，评价血流参数（PSV、R0对乳腺良、恶性肿块的鉴别诊断价值。方法运用CDFI检测73例的77个乳腺肿块，并与术后病理对照。对其中超声检测出血流的60个乳腺肿块观察血流特点并进行血流参数测定，比较乳腺良、恶性肿块的差异，同时对RI诊断的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值加以分析。结果乳腺恶性肿块的CDFI血流信号较良性肿块明显丰富。恶性肿块的PSV、RI值明显高于良性肿块CP〈O．05），以RI≥0．70诊断乳腺癌敏感性和特异性较高，分别为82．6％和80．95％。结论彩色多普勒血流显像及血流参数测定对乳腺良、恶肿块的鉴别诊断具有重要的参考价值。     

The distribution of microvascular response in Achilles tendonopathy assessed by colour and power Doppler

Objectives To assess the distribution of microvascular response on colour Doppler (CD) and power Doppler (PD) ultrasound (US) of the tendo Achilles (TA) in tendonopathy, and to look for any relationship between tendon morphology and symptoms.Design and patients A retrospective, observational study was carried out on consecutive ambulant US patients with suspected tendonopathy, presenting with pain or an Achilles mass. Exclusion criteria were: use of steroids, and previous or possible rupture or surgery in either tendon or arthropathy. Using a 5–12 MHz linear array probe (ATL HDI 3000) both TAs were scanned. Tendonopathy was defined as tendon swelling and/or hypoechogenicity of the TA. The site, number and distribution of microvascularity, on CD and PD, and the anteroposterior size were recorded, with the analysis masked.Results Fifty-two patients presented with TA pain and six also with swelling. There were 34 males and 18 females, aged from 11 to 78 years (mean 45 years). Fifty-five TAs that showed tendonopathy with hypoechogenic areas were all observed to be over 5.9 mm (mean 11.1 mm, range 5.9–20 mm), of which 45 were symptomatic with abnormal PD and 24 with abnormal CD flow. It was observed that the extent and completeness of vessel branching was more extensive on PD than CD. All TAs demonstrating tendonopathy were over 5.9 mm in adults and all TAs that showed PD flow were over 6.5 mm. All microvessels originated towards the TA from the ventral surface usually into tendonopathy, and were 16-fold more frequent around the margins. There were 49 TAs with normal spectral US, and with no PD flow, with a mean size of 4.5 mm (range 3.0–7.4 mm). For the right and left TAs independently analysed and taking the 40 patients with a paired asymptomatic and symptomatic tendon: (1) There was a highly significant difference in size (P<0.00001) using the paired t-test (parametric) between the asymptomatic tendon (mean 5.2±1.4 mm (1 SD)), and the contralateral morphologically abnormal and symptomatic side (mean 9.7±1.4 mm). (2) There was no linear Pearson correlation (0.25) between TA size and duration of symptoms (P=0.11) for symptomatic tendons. (3) There was a positive Spearman correlation (0.84) between the number of vessels and TA size (P<0.00001). (4) There was a significant difference in the number of PD vessels using the non-parametric Wilcoxon signed test (P<0.00001) between the symptomatic and asymptomatic groups.Conclusions (1) PD shows more tendon microvascularity than CD in TA tendonopathy. (2) All microvessels arise on the ventral side of the TA. (3) There is a non-linear relationship between tendonopathy, TA size and the amount of microvascularity, but not between PD and duration of symptoms. (4) Morphologically abnormal adult TAs were larger than 5.9 mm, and PD flow was only seen in TAs above 6.5 mm.