尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖醛酸转移酶1A1和2B7基因多态性与结直肠癌的相关性研究

目的测定我国健康人与结直肠癌患者尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖醛酸转移酶（UGT）1A1和UGT2B7基因多态性分布及UGT1A1和UGT2B7基因多态性与结直肠癌的相关性。方法提取335例健康受试者和348例结直肠癌患者血样标本的DNA,确定UGT1A1和UGT2B7基因型,研究UGT1A1和UGT2B7基因多态性分布与结直肠癌的相关性。结果健康受试者和结直肠癌患者的UGT1A1＊6基因突变频率分别为8.07%和16.52%,有极显著性差异（P〈0.001）,OR值（95%CI）为3.34（2.12~6.72）;健康受试者组和结直肠癌患者组UGT1A1＊28的基因突变频率分别为7.32%和11.50%,有显著性差异（P〈0.05）,OR值（95%CI）为1.73（1.21~1.84）;表明UGT1A1＊28基因变异与结直肠癌有一定关联;UGT2B7-1和UGT2B7-2的基因突变频率两组比较均无显著性差异。结论 UGT1A1＊6和UGT1A1＊28基因变异与结直肠癌相关联,UGT1A1＊6基因变异可能增加结直肠癌的发病风险,是结直肠癌高危易感基因。     

High resolution T2-weighted imaging of the human brain using surface coils and an analytical reception profile correction

High spatial resolution T2-weighted MR images of the human brain were obtained at 1.5 T. An optimized fast spin-echo (FSE) sequence and 1.5 g/cm gradients were used to obtain T2-weighted images in 4 to 9 minutes with an in-plane resolution of .27 mm and slice thicknesses from 1.5 to 3 mm. Phased arrays of surface coils were used as receivers, providing increased sensitivity but image intensities dependent on the reception profile of the coils. This image nonuniformity was removed by analyzing the data with a theoretical intensity correction algorithm developed in this laboratory. The FSE sequences, the specialized phased arrays of surface coils, and the intensity correction algorithm allowed improved visualization of nerves within the inner auditory canals and surface anatomy of the cerebral cortex. It is expected that this technique will be useful for clinical applications that require high resolution imaging of small, superficial structures of the brain.     

Role of the chest radiography,spirometry, and high resolution computed tomography in the early diagnosis of the emphysema

Purpose

This study was performed to evaluate the role of the chest radiography pulmonary function tests, and HRCT in the early diagnosis of the emphysema.

Materials and methods

The study included 50 patients who had emphysema. Average age varies between 40 and 60 years. All patients were subjected to full history, clinical examination, laboratory investigations, cardiac investigations, chest radiography, pulmonary function tests and HRCT.

Results

I found high sensitivity of the HRCT in the early diagnosis of emphysema if compared with sensitivity of the chest radiography and pulmonary function tests.

Conclusions

HRCT has much greater sensitivity than chest radiography in early diagnosing of emphysema. HRCT is also capable of differentiating between the various types of emphysema and assessing its severity. The presence of emphysema can be suspected on chest radiography but this is not a sensitive technique for diagnosis. Also the chest radiography is not a very good indicator for the severity of disease. In addition a precise characterization of the emphysema by HRCT is desirable for adequate therapy and monitoring as well as preoperative assessment of the patient before surgical treatment of emphysema. Compared to spirometry, HRCT shows regional assessment of compartments involved (airways, parenchyma and vasculature). Moreover spirometry has no definite sensitivity.