补偿机制，绕不过的话题

观点一： 医保付费形成的新机制具有优越性 新医改方案中提出，为缓解群众看病贵问题，将逐步取消医院药品加成的补偿渠道。这一改革方案成为不少公立医院院长的“心病”：药品收入作为医院收入的重要组成部分之一．一旦取消，政府能不能保证医院的财政补贴完全到位？医院正常运转会不会因此受到影响？     

医保制度实施对三级医院的影响

医疗保险制度的实施是国家医疗制度改革的重大举措 ,根据《关于建立城镇职工基本医疗保险制度的决定》的有关原则 ,我市于 2 0 0 1年 12月底启动实施了新的医疗保障措施。作为本市唯一一家三级医院 ,我院积极支持医改 ,成为本市的三级定点医院。我市医保付费形式采取按人头预付制 (人头均摊法 ) ,此种付费制可以有效的抑制过量服务 ,降低服务费用 ,使卫生资源得到合理利用。但医保实施 1年来 ,我院的运行受到一定影响。本文选取医保前后我院同期医疗工作量、医疗收入及医疗质量等变化情况进行分析 ,以探讨医保实施后 ,三级医院面临的困境及…     

基于博弈模型的DRG制度对医院分解收费行为的影响

目的 用博弈模型分析DRG制度对医院分解收费行为的影响。方法 通过分析分解收费的定义、博弈主体的行为策略、医院诊疗费用的结构，分别构建按项目付费下和DRG付费下医保对医院分解收费行为的监督博弈模型，求解得到博弈模型的均衡解。结果 在纳什均衡时，医院在按项目付费和在DRG付费下分解收费的概率相等，但其实质不同。因为在纳什均衡时，医保在DRG付费下的检查概率小于按项目付费下检查的概率，如果医保维持原检查概率，则医院分解收费的概率将下降。结论 DRG制度的改革，导致医院开展分解收费的动机降低，降低了医保对医院分解收费的监督压力，保方可以减少相应的行政投入，适当转移监督的重点方向。此外，加强医德医风教育、加大监管覆盖范围、加快科学定价的进程也可以减少医院的分解收费行为。     

按病种分值付费下医院医保控费管理实践分析

按病种分值付费政策的实施,对医院控费管理提出了变革性要求.医院作为医保政策落地的实践者,其在医保控费管理所做的探索与成效,直接反映了医保支付方式改革效果.本文以广州市某大型三甲综合医院为研究对象,通过深入剖析按病种分值付费支付方式对医院带来的各方面影响,呈现全流程的医保智能控费管理模式的构建过程,进一步分析按病种分值付...     

健闻

<正>1严控医保支出,武汉将全面试行DRG付费为加速改革医保支付方式,提高医保基金使用效率,4月18日,武汉市医保局官网公示了关于印发《武汉市基本医疗保险按疾病诊断相关分组(DRG)付费国家试点工作方案》(以下称《方案》)的通知。DRG付费模式旨在将药品、耗材转变为成本,促使医院     

试论新形势下医院医改与医保的关系

通过对镇江市15年来探索实施和完善医疗保障制度改革运行情况的分析,从医保在医院运行中的地位、作用与影响,存在的主要矛盾、问题及对策与建议等方面阐述了公立医院、医改与医保三方的发展关系.提出医院与医保之间要在医改的大前提下协调发展;建立医院与医保之间平等协商的谈判机制;建立与医保能力相适应的受益标准;建立科学可行的费用结算和付费方式;医院必须深化改革、加强管理,承担为群众提供优质医疗服务和合理控制医疗费用的双重责任.     

多种医保付费方式对军队医院的影响分析

本文阐述现阶段我国医院医保费用多种支付方式并存的现状以及对医院发展的影响,同时提出优化工作流程,重视临床路径,规范医疗行为,深化医院信息系统建设等措施是医院适应多种医保付费方式的可行性方法。     

DIP关键要素分析及医院管理策略研究

2018年1月1日,广州市医保付费方式由定额结算付费正式转变为按病种分值付费。这种付费方式能够对医疗费用上涨进行有效控制,并且能够对医疗服务中医方、保方与患者三方的关系进行有效调整,最大程度上发挥出有效卫生资源的作用。从保方来说,支付方式的转变,可达到“总盘子不穿洞”的目的,但对院方来说,医院医保管理模式必须从以“量”增收向以“成本”提效转变。2020年广州某三级医院(以下简称A医院)从按病种分值付费的政策及核算规则出发,提炼影响支付方式的关键要素,“抓大放小”,转变了以往亏损严重的情况,达到了扭亏为盈的局面。     

试论新形势下医院医改与医保的关系

通过对镇江市15年来探索实施和完善医疗保障制度改革运行情况的分析,从医保在医院运行中的地位、作用与影响,存在的主要矛盾、问题及对策与建议等方面阐述了公立医院、医改与医保三方的发展关系.提出医院与医保之间要在医改的大前提下协调发展;建立医院与医保之间平等协商的谈判机制;建立与医保能力相适应的受益标准;建立科学可行的费用结算和付费方式;医院必须深化改革、加强管理,承担为群众提供优质医疗服务和合理控制医疗费用的双重责任.     

浅谈二级医院在区域点数法总额预算和按病种分值付费模式下的运营管理策略

江苏省淮安市作为医保DIP付费全国首批试点城市之一,2021年起正式实行全市范围内住院患者DIP医保结算。本文全面阐述和分析了医保DIP付费方式,介绍了金湖县人民医院作为县域二级甲等综合医院制定的一系列“控本增效”,保障二级公立医院高质量发展的有效举措。医院在研究医保政策、梳理病种成本、齐心寻找对策方面为其他同类医院运营管理提供了较有价值的参考。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.