MRI、CT及DR在儿童肘关节细微骨折诊断中应用价值对比

目的 探讨MRI、CT与数字化X线摄影(DR)在儿童肘关节细微骨折中的诊断效能。方法 回顾性分析2019-05—2022-05河南省儿童医院收治的65例儿童肘关节细微骨折患儿的临床资料。所有患儿均施行MRI、CT与DR检查。结果 MRI共检出62例肘关节细微骨折，包括16例青枝型肱骨髁上骨折、10例外上髁骨骺损伤、13例内上髁骨骺损伤、7例桡骨小头骨折、7例尺骨冠状突骨折、5例尺骨鹰嘴骨折、4例尺骨近端骨折；CT共检出53例肘关节细微骨折，包括13例青枝型肱骨髁上骨折、8例外上髁骨骺损伤、11例内上髁骨骺损伤、5例桡骨小头骨折、6例尺骨冠状突骨折、6例尺骨鹰嘴骨折、4例尺骨近端骨折；DR共检出42例肘关节细微骨折，包括10例青枝型肱骨髁上骨折、7例外上髁骨骺损伤、10例内上髁骨骺损伤、4例桡骨小头骨折、4例尺骨冠状突骨折、5例尺骨鹰嘴骨折、2例尺骨近端骨折。MRI检查在肘关节细微骨折中的诊断符合率为95.38%,高于CT检查的81.54%、DR检查的64.62%;CT检查的诊断符合率高于DR检查。差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 与CT及DR比较，MRI扫描对儿童肘关节细...     

尺骨冠状突骨折治疗体会

尺骨冠状突是尺骨半月关节面前端的骨突,为肱肌副附着点.可阻止尺骨向后脱位,防止肘关节过度屈曲,对维护肘关节的稳定性起重要作用[1].当高处坠落或摔倒时,肘关节过伸,暴力沿尺骨向上传导,冠状突与肱骨滑车相撞而骨折.此外,肱肌急剧收缩亦可造成冠状突骨折.成人口J伴肘关节脱位,青少年可伴尺骨鹰嘴、桡骨小头及髁部骨折,这些并发骨折亦应相应处理,选择适宜治疗方法.     

部分肱骨小头重建尺骨冠状突1例

我们运用部分肱骨小头重建毁损性的尺骨冠状突骨折伴习惯性肘关节脱位１例，随访见患者肘关节脱位得到解决，且肘关节功能恢复良好，现介绍如下。临床资料患者男性，２８岁，因高处坠伤，致右肘部肿痛畸形在外院就诊，诊断为“右尺骨上段，右桡骨小头粉碎性骨折”，予以急诊行“右尺骨上段克氏针内固定，右桡骨小头切除术”。切口愈合出院后患者常有右肘“脱臼”史，且可自行复位，右肘活动严重受限。到我院拍片示（图１）：右肘关节后脱位，尺骨冠状突毁损性骨折，桡骨小头已切除，肱骨小头尚完整。手术方法选肘部前外切口，逐层切开，暴露…     

尺骨鹰嘴粉碎骨折的手术治疗

尺骨鹰嘴骨折是肘部常见骨折 ,由于严重创伤或高能量的损伤 ,直接暴力导致的严重鹰嘴粉碎骨折日益多见 ,我科 1997年 6月 - 2 0 0 0年 8月共收治尺骨鹰咀粉碎骨折 2 8例 ,经随访疗效满意现报导如下。1　临床资料本组 2 8例 ,男 2 2例 ,女 6例 ;年龄 2 3～ 5 5岁 ,平均 39岁。左侧 18例 ,右侧 10例 ;致伤原因 :车祸伤2 2例 ,高处坠落伤 5例 ,金属物直接击伤 1例 ;开放骨折 5例。此 2 8例患者均为粉碎骨折 ,其中 10例合并冠状突骨折 ,8例合并肘关节前脱位 ,5例合并肱骨干骨折 ,3例合并肱骨髁间粉碎骨折 ,2例合并桡骨小头骨折。开放骨折急诊行…     

创伤性肘关节不稳

创伤性肘关节不稳占所有肘部损伤的 11%～ 2 8% ,发生率为 6～ 8例 /10万〔1〕。目前 ,临床上常漏诊或治疗不当 ,可引起复发性或持续性的肱尺关节半脱位、脱位。因此 ,提高对创伤性肘关节不稳的认识与诊治水平势在必行。1　肘关节的稳定结构1 1　骨性结构肱骨远端与尺、桡骨近端的关节面相互适应是维持肘关节稳定性的主要因素 ,其中尺骨的冠状突、鹰嘴以及桡骨的桡骨小头的作用极其重要。Closkey发现尺骨近端冠状突骨折超过5 0 %可引起肘关节的复发性脱位和半脱位〔2〕。生物力学研究中发现鹰嘴大部切除会产生肘关节的不稳〔3〕。桡骨小头…     

复杂性肘关节粉碎性骨折的治疗分析

复杂性肘关节骨折指构成肘关节的肱骨髁间、桡骨小头和尺骨鹰嘴或冠状突同时骨折,为高能量损伤所至,是肘关节最为严重的创伤。非手术治疗无效,手术固定后存在再移位、内翻畸形或关节僵直等,造成肘关节活动受限,被认为是较难处理的骨折之一。自1997年3月~2006年5月,笔者手术治疗     

肘关节侧方脱位2例报告

例1男,23岁,因车祸致右肘关节畸形,活动障碍伴环、小指电灼样麻木感。查体:右肘关节外翻畸形,屈肘位,肘后三角改变,鹰嘴在关节外侧扪及,鹰嘴窝空虚,右尺侧一个半指痛觉迟钝。X线片示:右肘关节外侧方脱位,尺骨鹰嘴冠状突卡于肱骨外髁侧方,桡骨小头完全脱位,伴内髁撕脱骨折,骨块在滑车下。 例2女,15岁,武术学校学生。做侧空翻时跌伤致左肘关节畸形,活动受限。查体:左肘关节呈前臂旋前屈曲外翻畸形,肘后三角改变,尺骨鹰嘴于外下方扪及,鹰嘴窝空虚。X线示:左肘关节外侧方脱位,桡骨小头卡于肱骨外上髁的侧方,尺骨鹰嘴脱于后外下方。 讨论 当上肢后伸,前臂旋前,肘关节屈曲,腕背伸     

重建钢板或尺骨钢板治疗尺骨鹰嘴粉碎性骨折

目的:明确切开复位钢板内固定是否为尺骨鹰嘴粉碎性骨折较好的治疗方法.方法 :采用切开复位重建钢板或尺骨钢板内固定治疗的25例尺骨鹰嘴粉碎性骨折,其中2例同时合并肱骨髁间粉碎性骨折,1例合并桡骨小头骨折肘关节前脱位.结果 :25例均获得随访,随访时间10-36个月,平均20个月.骨折愈合良好,平均愈合时间4.5个月(3-...     

肱三头肌腱尺骨鹰嘴止点断裂的临床特征

目的 ：观察肱三头肌腱尺骨鹰嘴止点断裂的临床特征。方法 ：自2005年6月至2011年11月,共收治肱三头肌腱尺骨鹰嘴止点断裂19例,男7例,年龄15~41岁,平均24.1岁;女12例,年龄16~73岁,平均51.4岁。左侧8例,右侧11例。行走跌伤17例,高处坠落伤2例。单纯肱三头肌腱尺骨鹰嘴止点断裂13例,合并其他肘部损伤6例。合并桡骨头骨折5例,肱骨小头骨折1例,尺骨冠状突骨折1例,肱骨内上髁骨折1例。所有病例在肘关节侧位X线片上显示＂骨片征＂,合并伤有相应表现。均予手术治疗：＂8＂字钢丝固定15例,＂8＂字钢丝加克氏针固定1例,钢丝环扎固定1例,不吸收线缝合2例。合并伤予相应处理。除2例合并伤较重患者术后石膏固定4周,其余病例未行外固定。术后随访采用Mayo肘关节评分评价肘关节功能。结果：19例术后均获随访,1例术后1年死于其他疾病,其余18例随访时间14~91个月,平均47.9个月。Mayo肘关节评分优16例,良2例。结论：肱三头肌腱尺骨鹰嘴止点断裂临床上并不少见,好发于50岁以上女性和30以下男性,手术治疗效果良好,但合并有其他肘部损伤患者常遗留不同程度功能障碍。     

可调节外固定支架治疗高龄开放性肘关节损伤的临床疗效分析

目的:探讨应用可调节外固定支架治疗高龄肘关节开放性损伤的临床疗效分析。方法:自2013年8月至2019年3月,我们采用可调式外固定支架治疗肘关节开放性损伤高龄患者5例。肘关节开放性损伤包括肘关节后脱位、桡骨头骨折、尺骨鹰嘴骨折、肱骨髁骨折、冠状突骨折等病例。术后随访应用Mayo肘关节功能评分进行疗效评价。结果:术后所有...     

Understanding the susceptibility to lateral condyle fracture by analyzing unaffected Baumann's angle in children with distal humeral fracture

BackgroundPrevious studies have shown that posttraumatic cubitus varus deformity in children is somehow related to subsequent humeral lateral condyle fracture. Moreover, we had previously encountered an exactly similar case. In this study, we aim to understand whether there is a morphological difference between pediatric supracondylar and lateral condyle fracture of the humerus by comparing Baumann's angle of the unaffected elbow.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective evaluation of 40 cases of supracondylar fractures (36 boys, 4 girls) and 20 cases of lateral condyle fractures (16 boys, 4 girls) at a single facility between January 2014 and December 2018. The unaffected Baumann's angles and lateral capitellohumeral angles of both groups were measured by two orthopedic surgeons and analyzed using Welch's t-test. The effect size was also calculated using Cohen's d, and intraclass correlation coefficients were applied for intra-rater and inter-rater reliability.ResultsThe average age of patients in the supracondylar fracture group was 6.78 years and that in the lateral condyle fracture group was 5.70 years. No significant differences were observed between gender and fracture type, between laterality and fracture type, and in the lateral capitellohumeral angles between the groups. Baumann's angle was significantly less in the lateral condyle fracture group (17.27° ± 4.68°) than in the supracondylar fracture group (20.28° ± 3.10°) as analyzed by Welch's t-test (p = 0.015). The effect size was 0.76. Each of the intra-rater reliabilities were 0.97 and 0.96, whereas the inter-rater reliability was 0.75.ConclusionsA significant morphological difference was found between the supracondylar fracture group and the lateral condyle fracture group. The loss of Baumann's angle which tends to occur after the healing of supracondylar fracture may increase the susceptibility to lateral condyle fracture. Orthopedic surgeons should repair and fix supracondylar fractures appropriately to avoid an ipsilateral second fracture, such as lateral condyle fracture.     

桡骨远端骨折合并同侧肘关节损伤的手术治疗体会

目的探讨桡骨远端骨折合并同侧肘关节周围骨折或脱位的治疗方法,提高临床治疗效果。 方法回顾性分析本院自2012年1月至2016年10月收治的桡骨远端骨折合并同侧肘关节脱位或骨折病例22例。22例桡骨远端骨折中13例伴尺骨茎突骨折,3例伴尺骨远端骨折,2例伴舟状骨骨折。22例肘关节周围损伤中5例为尺桡骨近端骨折,3例为肱骨远端骨折,14例发生肘关节后脱位。 结果所有患者均获得随访,术后平均随访时间为13.6个月（11~26个月）,所有骨折均愈合,未发生感染。Cooney腕关节评分平均为92.5分（55~100分）,其中优13例、良7例、中1例、差1例。Mayo肘关节功能评分平均为87.5分（50~100分）,其中优10例、良8例、中3例,差1例。其中1例就诊时已出现骨筋膜室综合征,尺神经、正中神经、桡神经均损伤,肌肉部分坏死切除,功能恢复较差。 结论桡骨远端骨折合并同侧肘关节损伤多为高能量损伤,早期积极而恰当的处理能为患者二次手术提供良好的条件,结合积极的康复锻炼,能取得良好的治疗效果。     

Open reduction internal fixation of lateral humeral condyle fractures in children. A series of 105 fractures from a single institution

Lateral humeral condyle fractures account for 17 % of the distal humeral condyle fractures. Displaced and/or rotated fractures require appropriate reduction and stabilisation. There are, however, a number of controversies in the surgical management of these patients. The aim of the present study was to review the results of patients with a displaced lateral humeral condyle fracture treated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). We retrospectively reviewed children treated with ORIF of lateral humeral condyle fractures at a single institution over a period of 13 years. All cases were identified through the trauma register. Case notes and radiographs were retrieved. Fracture classification, mode of fixation, time to union, and final outcomes at the latest follow-up were reviewed. One hundred and five lateral condyle fractures were identified in 76 male and 29 female patients. Average age was 6.2 years. Ninety-two were Milch type II and 13 Milch type I. According to the Jacob’s classification, 38 were type II and 67 type III. All fractures were treated with open reduction and fixation with K-wires. Average time to radiological union was 33 days. Follow-up ranged between 2 and 8 years (average 3.2 years). Radiological hypertrophy of the lateral condyle was present in 45 cases (42 %). Three patients developed a pseudo-cubitus varus deformity. Further four patients developed a true cubitus varus. There was one case of superficial infection of the K-wires and one case of delayed union. At the latest follow-up, 96 % of the patients achieved an excellent final result and 4 % a good final result. Our results demonstrate that fracture union and excellent final outcomes can be expected in all patients using our protocol, whereby all patients with a displaced fracture are managed by ORIF with K-wire fixation, with the wires only being removed after there is evidence of radiological union. Compared to recent reports of closed reduction internal fixation, this series demonstrates good results with no complications directly relating to the open reduction technique. Level of evidence Case series, Level IV.     

Elbow dislocation with ipsilateral diaphyseal forearm bone fracture: A rare injury report with literature review

Dislocation of the elbow along with shaft fractures of both bones of the ipsilateral forearm is a rare injury though elbow dislocation or fracture of the forearm bones may occur separately. Such injuries need a concentric reduction of the dislocation and an anatomical fixation of forearm bones for optimal functional outcomes. We report a case of elbow dislocation with fracture of the lateral condyle of the humerus along with fractures of shafts of the radius and ulna in a 44-year-old female. Closed reduction of the elbow and operative stabilization of all fractures were done with good clinical, radiological and functional outcomes in 2 years follow-up period. A significant degree of force is needed to produce a combined dislocation of a joint and fracture of bones around that joint and these complex injuries may be missed if the clinician is not aware of the possibility of such injuries. The fact that the previously reported cases had a posterolateral dislocation while our case had a posteromedial dislocation and a fracture of the lateral humeral condyle as well makes it unique in its presentation and worth reporting. We have also included an up to date literature review on this topic.     

经肘前入路软骨钉治疗肱骨小头骨折

目的探讨经肘前人路软骨钉治疗肱骨小头骨折内固定手术的方法和疗效。方法 2008年6月至2011年8月,采用经肘关节前侧＂S＂形入路可吸收软骨钉内固定治疗肱骨小头骨折12例,男8例,女4例,年龄12～52岁,平均28.5岁,Ⅰ型骨折5例,Ⅱ型骨折3例,Ⅲ型2例,Ⅳ型2例;其中有3例合并有桡骨小头骨折,1例合并有尺骨冠状突骨折。结果随访6～36个月,平均25个月。骨折临床愈合时间4～10周,平均6周。根据Morrey肘关节功能评分标准,良好（满意）9例,一般3例,无骨不连及肱骨小头缺血性坏死发生。结论肘前人路损伤小,暴露清楚,可直视下对肱骨小头的骨折块进行解剖复位;可吸收软骨钉对关节软骨面的损伤小,固定牢靠,可早期进行功能锻炼,无需二次取出,有利于肘关节功能的良好恢复。     

前内侧面尺骨冠状突骨折的手术治疗策略

目的:探讨手术治疗前内侧面尺骨冠状突骨折的手术入路选择、内固定方法及其疗效。方法:自2005年3月至2010年3月,采用手术内固定治疗前内侧面冠突骨折18例,男12例,女6例;年龄19～74岁,平均37.8岁。全部采用切开复位内固定治疗。取肘后正中切口,游离皮瓣后在外侧暴露肘关节外侧副韧带复合体及关节囊,采用不可吸收线缝合法或锚钉技术修复外侧副韧带复合体。根据术前三维重建图像上骨折情况及分型,分别选择3个不同的手术入路,暴露前内侧面冠状突骨折,采用微型钢板及螺钉固定。用MEPS(Mayo elbow performance score)和Broberg&Morrey评分对肘关节功能进行评价。结果:17例获得随访,时间1～6年,平均38个月;骨折均获临床愈合,愈合时间8～16周,平均11.6周。末次随访时,所有患者肘关节没有明显疼痛及不稳定。MEPS评分82～100分,平均(95.4±4.6)分;Broberg&Morrey评分75～100分,平均(92.3±5.8)分。结论:切开复位微型钢板内固定可使前内侧面冠状突骨折达到良好的解剖复位及坚强固定,是治疗前内侧面尺骨冠突骨折的有效方法。     

Fracture-separation of the distal humeral epiphysis in young children.

Fracture-separation of the distal humeral epiphysis in young children is frequently misdiagnosed as a fracture of the lateral humeral condyle or a dislocation of the elbow. The roentgenographic relationships between the ossification center of the capitulum humeri and the radius are important in distinguishing between the three conditions. Arthrographic studies in our patients showed that this is an extracapsular supracondylar fracture. In six fracture-separations treated either by open reduction and wire fixation or in overhead traction, the results were excellent.     

肘关节后脱位并尺骨冠状突骨折9例临床疗效分析

目的 探讨肘关节后脱位并尺骨冠状突骨折的治疗方法。方法 总结2000年3月～2003年5月9例肘关节后脱位合并尺骨冠状突骨折患者的治疗经验，根据骨折类型分别采用内外侧入路对8例患者进行手术治疗，术后配合早期功能锻炼。结果 所有患者随访8～24个月，根据HSS评分标准，优5例（55.6%)，良2例（22.2%)，一般2例（22.2%)，优良率77.8%，无严重肘关节并发症发生。结论 选择恰当的手术入路和早期功能锻炼是提高该类骨折效果的关键。     

Monteggia''s骨折脱位的相关内容回顾

Monteggia’s骨折脱位是指任何部位的尺骨骨折合并桡骨头脱位。这种累及前臂和肘部的损伤并不常见，其发生率约占前臂骨折总数的5％。本文通过回顾Monteggia’s骨折脱位的历史发展，进一步明确了其定义分型、损伤机制和治疗原则，并对现有的治疗方法和预后评价标准进行了总结，并指出治疗的关键是及时诊断和及时治疗，使尺骨获得优良的解剖复位和稳定固定，另外必须重视对发生在肘关节水平的合并损伤的处理，包括冠状突骨折、桡骨头骨折、肱尺关节后外侧旋转不稳定等。而尺骨的粉碎骨折合并桡骨头骨折、冠状突骨折都将明显影响预后。