碱性成纤维细胞生长因子在糖基化终产物作用下视网膜Müller细胞中的表达及对血管内皮生长因子影响

目的 观察糖基化终产物(AGEs)作用下兔视网膜Müller细胞中碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)的表达,以及bFGF对该细胞表达血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的影响,探讨AGEs对于糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)发生发展的可能作用机制.方法 制备牛血清白蛋白AGEs(AGEs-BSA)及其对照物并将其作用于体外培养的兔视网膜Müller细胞,采用免疫细胞化学(ICC)方法 半定量检测不同时间点(1d、3d、6d、9d)Müller细胞bFGF表达变化.利用外源性bFGF(0.1、1.0、10.0、50.0、100.0)ng/mL干预Müller 细胞,采用ICC方法 半定量检测不同时间点(1d、3d、6d、9d)M üller细胞VEGF的表达变化.结果 AGEs作用下兔视网膜M üller细胞bFGF的表达增高(P<0.05或P<0.01)且具有一定的时间和浓度依赖性.外源性bFGF可上调视网膜M üller细胞VEGF的表达,且具有一定的浓度依赖性及时限性.结论 AGEs可以上调视网膜Mü ller细胞表达bFGF,而bFGF可以上调Müller细胞表达VEGF,推测AGEs可能通过增加bFGF的表达,以及通过分泌的bFGF间接促进VEGF的表达,从而在DR形成过程中起重要作用.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) on expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in rabbit retinal Müller cells, also the effect ofbFGF on expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in rabbit retinal Müller cells in vitro. Methods Rabbit retinal Müller cells were cultured first, then AGEs-BSA and its control were prepared. Müller cells were treated with 5 different concentration series of AGEs-BSA and AGEs-BSA control for 1, 3, 6 and 9 days, while blank control group was incubated without any intervention. Then bFGF expression in Müller cells was half-quantitatively identified by immunocytochemistry (ICC). Cultured rabbit Müller cells were also treated with bFGF of 5 concentrations (0.1, 1.0, 10.0, 50.0, 100.0) ng/mL for 1, 3, 6, 9 days, while blank control group was incubated without any intervention. Then VEGF expression in Müller cells was half-quantitatively identified by ICC. Results Comparing with control group, AGEs-BSA evoked a time and concentration-dependent increase ofbFGF expression on cultured retinal Müller cells (P ＜0. 05 or P ＜0. 01). And comparing with blank control group, bFGF also evoked a time and concentration-dependent increase of VEGF expression on retinal Mi ller cells in a certain range. Conclusions AGEs up-regulates the expression ofbFGF, which can up-regulate the expression of VEGF in Müller cells. These results indicate that AGEs might promote the progress of DR.     

利用流式细胞仪分选纯化大鼠视网膜Müller细胞

背景 在研究视网膜Müller细胞的病理生理过程中,建立Müller细胞的培养模型、获得高纯度的Müller细胞是基本步骤.目前使用的纯化培养Muller细胞的技术所获得的细胞纯度不够理想.目的 建立一种获得高纯度原代培养视网膜Müller细胞的技术方法.方法取5只新生SD大鼠的视网膜经质量分数0.01%胰蛋白酶消化制备细胞悬液,然后在含质量分数10%胎牛血清的DMEM培养基中进行原代培养,细胞扩增至大于6×105个时收集细胞,无菌条件下用流式细胞仪进行分选,将细胞悬液中体积最大、数量最多的一种细胞分选出来继续培养并传代,应用透射电镜和光学显微镜观察细胞的形态学变化,应用免疫组织化学技术鉴定培养和传代的细胞类型及纯度.结果 原代培养视网膜Müller细胞成功,其中混杂有其他类型的小细胞,生长缓慢,培养3周生长速度加快.用分次贴壁法清除成纤维细胞,经传代去除部分神经元,经流式细胞仪纯化后可获得细胞成分单一、体积最大的一批细胞.透射电镜下细胞内可见丰富的线粒体、高尔基体和大量直径8～10 nm的微丝.培养细胞的胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)免疫组织化学染色细胞阳性率为100%.结论 利用流式细胞仪对培养的Müller细胞进行分选是可行的,能够获得高纯度的视网膜Müller细胞.

Abstract：

Background Establising the culture model of Müller cells for obtaining the highly putified target cells is essential for the study about the physiology and pathology of retinal Müller cells. The exsiting purifing method for culturing Müller cells is dissatisfactory. Objective This study was to establish a method to obtain high purifing Müller cells. Methods The retina from 5 clean newborn SD rats were isolated and digested by 0. 01% trypsin and cultured in DMEM containing 10% fetal bovine serum. The cellular suspension was then prepared,and the target cells were screened using flow cytometry based on the size and the quantity of cells. Cultured and passaged cells were identified by transmission electron microscope and light microscope. Immunocytochemistry was used to detecte the expression of GFAP in cultured cells for the determination of type and purity of the cells. Results The cells showed the similar shape to retinal Müller cells after primarily culture with the large volume, and some small other types of cells could been seen. The growth of cells was quickly 3 weeks later. The fibroblasts were removed using sticking-wall by steps,and neurons were eliminated following passage. Aboundent of cellular organs were seen under the transmission electron microscope. The positive response rate of the cells for CFAP was 100%. Conclution Flow cytometry offer a rapid and feasible approach for purifying Muller cell and it builds the foundation for further study about Müller cells.     

Transwell小室共培养条件下RPE促进Mller细胞的增殖和迁移(英文)

目的:观察在体外共培养系统中RPE对Mller细胞的影响。方法:Transwell小室共培养RPE和Mller细胞,MTT法、细胞计数法,测定Mller增殖和迁移的情况。结果:Mller细胞增殖的实验:Mller细胞的增殖,除了3h与6h,24h与48h之外,在其他各时间点之间差别有统计学意义。Mller细胞与RPE共培养组和Mller细胞单独培养组两组之间差别有统计学意义。Mller细胞迁移的实验:Mller细胞迁移,除了3h和6h之外,在其他各时间点之间差别有统计学意义。Mller细胞与RPE共培养组和Mller细胞单独培养组两组之间差别有统计学意义。在析因设计实验中,与RPE共培养、缺氧条件,这两个因素都可以分别作为独立的因素促进Mller细胞的增殖和迁移,而两者不存在协同作用。结论:正常和缺氧条件下RPE促进Mller的增殖、迁移,随共培养时间的延长RPE促进Mller增殖、迁移的作用加强。缺氧条件下RPE与Mller细胞间的相互作用在视网膜增殖性疾病中起到了重要的作用。     

Transwell小室共培养条件下RPE促进Mller细胞的增殖和迁移(英文)

目的:观察在体外共培养系统中RPE对Mller细胞的影响。方法:Transwell小室共培养RPE和Mller细胞,MTT法、细胞计数法,测定Mller增殖和迁移的情况。结果:Mller细胞增殖的实验:Mller细胞的增殖,除了3h与6h,24h与48h之外,在其他各时间点之间差别有统计学意义。Mller细胞与RPE共培养组和Mller细胞单独培养组两组之间差别有统计学意义。Mller细胞迁移的实验:Mller细胞迁移,除了3h和6h之外,在其他各时间点之间差别有统计学意义。Mller细胞与RPE共培养组和Mller细胞单独培养组两组之间差别有统计学意义。在析因设计实验中,与RPE共培养、缺氧条件,这两个因素都可以分别作为独立的因素促进Mller细胞的增殖和迁移,而两者不存在协同作用。结论:正常和缺氧条件下RPE促进Mller的增殖、迁移,随共培养时间的延长RPE促进Mller增殖、迁移的作用加强。缺氧条件下RPE与Mller细胞间的相互作用在视网膜增殖性疾病中起到了重要的作用。     

Transwell小室共培养条件下RPE促进Müiler细胞的增殖和迁移

目的：观察在体外共培养系统中RPE对Müiler细胞的影响。方法：Transwell小室共培养RPE和Müiler细胞，MTT法、细胞计数法，测定Müiler增殖和迁移的情况。结果：Müiler细胞增殖的实验：Müiler细胞的增殖。除了3h与6h，24h与48h之外，在其他各时间点之间差别有统计学意义。Müiler细胞与RPE共培养组和Müiler细胞单独培养组两组之间差别有统计学意义。Müiler细胞迁移的实验；Müiler细胞迁移，除了3h和6h之外，在其他各时间点之间差别有统计学意义。Müiler细胞与RPE共培养组和Müiler细胞单独培养组两组之间差别有统计学意义。在析因设计实验中，与RPE共培养、缺氧条件，这两个因素都可以分别作为独立的因素促进Müiler细胞的增殖和迁移，而两者不存在协同作用。结论：正常和缺氧条件下RPE促进Müiler的增殖、迁移，随共培养时间的延长RPE促进Müiler增殖、迁移的作用加强。缺氧条件下RPE与Müiler细胞间的相互作用在视网膜增殖性疾病中起到了重要的作用。     

Pirfenidone suppresses the abnormal activation of human Müller cells after platelet-derived growth factor-BB stimulation

AIM: To determine the effect of pirfenidone on the activated human Müller cells by platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB). METHODS: The primary human Müller cells were separated from retinal tissues and established the pathogenic model by stimulated with PDGF-BB. The Müller cells behaviour of normal group and the model group was measured by MTT assay, Trypan blue assay, cell migration assay, and collagen contraction assay. The expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, -β2, and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) was estimated with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses. RESULTS: A pathogenic/proliferative model of Müller cells was established by stimulating normal cultured Müller cells with 10 ng/mL PDGF-BB for 48h. After treated with 0.2 and 0.3 mg/mL pirfenidone, the proliferation, migration and collagen contraction was statistically significantly depressed in the model group compared with the normal groups. The expression levels of TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 were significantly down-regulated, while the PEDF expression was significantly up-regulated after treated with 0.2 and 0.3 mg/mL pirfenidone in the model group. CONCLUSION: Pirfenidone effectively suppress the proliferation, migration and collagen contraction of the human Müller cells stimulated with PDGF-BB through down- regulation of TGF-β1/TGF-β2 and up-regulation of PEDF.     

Inhibition of proliferation of retinal microvascular endothelial cells by pericytes through down-regulating KDR/Flk-1 in a co-culture system

To investigate the role of pericytes in growth of retinal microvascular endothelial cells(RMECs) in a co-culture system in order to understand some mechanism of angiogenesis in hypoxia induced retinal neovascular disorders. · METHODS: RMECs were isolated by a modified protocol using CD31 coated Dynabeads, and identified by immunocytochemical staining with anti-Factor VIII and CD31 antibodies. Rat retinal pericytes were isolated and characterized by immunofluorescent staining with PDGFR-β; and desmin antibodies. Pericytes and RMECs were cultured in a contact co-culture system both under normoxia and hypoxia by Millicell chamber. RMECs proliferation was evaluated by MTT and cell cycle assay with flow cytometry. RT-PCR was used to detect the alteration of KDR/Flk-1 mRNA level in RMECs under normoxia or hypoxia in the co-culture system. · RESULTS: Highly pured rat RMECs and pericytes were harvested with the modified isolating method. The two cell types were identified by positive Factor VIII, CD31 and PDGFR-β, desmin cytochemical staining respectively. RMECs proliferated significantly under hypoxia from 3 to 9 day with a maximal rate on day 6 (24.9%, P < 0.01) by MTT. In the co-culture system, the proliferation of RMECs was inhibited by pericytes. After 6 days exposure to hypoxia, the fraction of S-phase RMECs number was greatly increased by 43.9%(P < 0.01). In the co-culture system, RMECs proliferation was inhibited by pericytes through decreasing the fraction of S-phase cell number both under normoxia (3.6%, P <0.05) and under hypoxia (15.1%,P <0.01). KDR/Flk-1 mRNA level in single cultured RMECs was shown to increase approximately 1.3-fold when exposed to hypoxia. Compared with single cultured RMECs, co-culture with pericytes could decrease KDR/Flk-1 mRNA by 45.1% (P <0.05) and 27.7% (P <0.05) under normoxia and hypoxia condition respectively. · CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated that pericytes could inhibit proliferation of RMECs under both normoxia and hypoxia. The inhibition effects of pericytes maybe, at least in part, due to downregulation of KDR/Flk-1 of RMECs. These findings confirm that pericytes could be a potential inhibitor in the pathogenesis of retinal neovascularization(RNV).     

花色苷对高糖培养的视网膜Müller细胞L-谷氨酸/L-天门冬氨酸转运体表达的影响

目的 观察花色苷对体外高糖培养的视网膜Müller细胞L-谷氨酸/L-天门冬氨酸转运体(GLAST)表达的影响.方法 取出生后10 d的雄性Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠视网膜组织,体外原代培养Müller细胞.第2～4代细胞用于实验.将实验分为正常对照组(A组)、高糖对照组(B组)、高糖+30 μmol/L花色苷组(C组)、高糖+60 μmol/L花色苷组(D组)、高糖+100μmol/L花色苷组(E组)进行.采用噻唑蓝比色法(MTT)测定波长570 nm处的吸光度[A,旧称光密度(OD)]值,以各组A值计算细胞相对存活率.采用免疫蛋白印迹法(Western blot)检测各组大鼠视网膜Müller细胞上GLAST的蛋白表达.结果 MTT检测显示,A、B、C、D、E组A值分别为0.450 8±0.020 4、0.270 1±0.031 4、0.332 0±0.023 2、0.428 3±0.017 2、0.361 9±0.027 0,细胞相对存活率分别为100.0%、59.9%、73.6%、95.0%、80.3%.其中,C、D、E组A值均较B组增高,差异有统计学意义(F=32.25,P＜0.05);D组A值较C、E组显著增高,差异也有统计学意义(F=21.07,P＜0.05).Western blot检测显示,B组大鼠视网膜Müller细胞的GLAST蛋白表达较A组降低,差异有统计学意义(t=5.25,P＜0.05);A、C、D、E组间大鼠视网膜Müller细胞的GLAST蛋白表达无明显变化,差异无统计学意义(F=2.979,P＞0.05).结论 花色苷可逆转高糖引起的Müller细胞GLAST蛋白表达下降.

Abstract：

Objective To observe the effect of cyanin on the expression of L-glutamate/ L-aspartate transporter (GLAST) in high glucose cultured retina Müller cells. Methods The retinal tissue of SpragueDawley (SD) rats was collected at postnatal 10 day, and Müller cells were isolated and cultured according to literature. The Müller ceils (2nd-4th generations) were treated with five different medium as normal group (group A), high glucose control group (group B), high glucose+30 μmol/L cyanin group (group C), high glucose+60 μmol/L cyanin group (group D) and high glucose+100 μmol/L cyanin group (group E). Cell relative survival rates (A value) were measured by MTT assay at 570 nm. The GLAST protein expression in M011er cells was observed by Western blot. Results MTT assay showed that the A value of the five group were 0. 450 8±0. 020 4, 0. 270 1±0. 031 4, 0. 332 0±0. 023 2, 0. 428 3±0. 017 2, 0. 361 9±0. 027 0,the cell relative survival rate were 100. 0%, 59. 9%, 73.6%, 95%, 80.3% respectively. The A value of group C, D, E were significantly higher than that of group B (F=32.25, P<0.05), the A value of group D were significantly higher than that of group C and E (F=21.07, P<0. 05). Western blot showed that the GLAST protein expression of group B was lower than that of group A (t=5.25, P<0. 05) ; there was no obvious changes of GLAST protein expression in group A, C, D and E (F= 2. 979, P>0.05).Conclusion Cyanin can rescue high glucose-induced GLAST reduction.     

Different modes of foveal regeneration after closure of full-thickness macular holes by (re)vitrectomy and autologous platelet concentrate

AIM: To describe using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography the regeneration of the foveal morphology after pars plana(re)vitrectomy surgery and gas tamponade combined with injection of autologous platelet concentrate to treat full-thickness macular holes, and to describe different anatomical outcome. METHODS: A retrospective case series of 8 eyes of 8 patients was described. RESULTS: In all cases investigated, the plateletassisted closure of macular holes was associated with a rapid resolution of cystic cavities in the foveal walls. In two patients, there was a regular regeneration of the foveal morphology after hole closure;the regenerated central fovea had a regular structure with a foveola and photoreceptors. In three other patients, there was an irregular regeneration of the fovea;a foveola was not formed, photoreceptor cells were absent from the foveal center, and the center was composed of Müller and retinal pigment epithelial(RPE) cells. The foveal regeneration after hole closure may proceed with or without a temporary detachment of the foveal center from the RPE, and with or without a direct contact between the central outer nuclear layer(ONL) and the RPE. Contacts between the ONL and RPE were observed only in patients with an irregular foveal regeneration after hole closure.CONCLUSION: The data show that there are different modes of foveal regeneration after closure of macular holes with(re)vitrectomy and platelet concentrate. It is suggested that the regular regeneration of the foveal morphology proceeds by Müller cell-mediated tissue movements without cell proliferation, whereas the irregular foveal regeneration proceeds in part by proliferation of Müller and RPE cells.     

CD44抗体对视网膜Müller细胞降解透明质酸功能的影响

目的 观察CD44抗体对视网膜Müller细胞降解透明质酸(HA)功能的影响.方法 培养的猪后极部视网膜Müller细胞,取第2代细胞用于实验.细胞分为1、2、3组,每组含12×103个Müller细胞.其中1组培养液中未加入其他试剂;2组培养液中加入0.01 mg/ml HA;3组培养液中加入0.01 mg/ml HA和10μg/ml抗CD44抗体.2、3组细胞和HA、单克隆抗CD44抗体预培养,收集1、2、3组上清液,行HA-底物胶电泳法和类酶链免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法检测.结果 HA-底物胶电泳法分析结果显示,1组表现为蓝色背景下的白色细淡的双条带;2组双条带明显增厚,合并成较粗和明亮的脱色条块;3组脱色条块回复为细淡的双条带.类ELISA法检测结果显示,1、2、3组吸光度[A,旧称光密度(OD)]值分别为0.310±0.025、0.093±0.051、0.025±0.069.2组A值较1组A值明显降低,与1组A值比较,差异有统计学意义(t=28.1,P＜0.01);3组A值与1组A值比较,差异无统计学意义(t=4.92,P＞0.05),与2组A值比较,差异有统计学意义(t=26.9,P＜0.01).结论 Müller细胞与HA的相互作用可加强细胞降解HA的功能,CD44抗体可降低这种加强作用.

Abstract：

Objective To observe the effect of CD44 antibody on the hyaluronic acid (HA)generation) were cultured in three different medium: without HA (group 1),0. 01 mg/ml HA (group 2),10 μg/ml HA and CD44 antibody (group 3). The cells in the group 2 and 3 were pre-cultured with HA and CD44 antibody, and the supernatant was collected. HA-substrate gel electrophoresis was performed for HA degradation, while ELISA-like method was performed for HA-binding protein. Results HA-substrate gel electrophoresis showed white light double-band on blue background in groups 1 and 3, thicker double-band or bright de-colored blocks in group 2. ELISA-like method showed that the absorbance (A) value of groups 1,2 and 3 were 0.310 ± 0.025, 0.093 ± 0.051, 0.025 ± 0.069 respectively. The A value of group 2 was obviously lower than that of group 1 (t=28.1, P＜0.01); the A value of group 3 was significantly higher than that of group 2 (t=26.9, P＜0.01), but was the same as group 1 (t=4.92, P＞0.05). Conclusion CD44 antibody can inhibit the interaction between Miller cells and HA, and thus reduce the HA degradation.     

兔视网膜Müller细胞原代培养

目的 建立成年兔视网膜Müller细胞体外原代培养方法.方法 运用组织块培养法.分离出成年兔视网膜神经感觉层,剪成1 mm×1 mm大小组织块,置于含有20%胎牛血清的Dulbecco改良Eagle培养液/F12培养,采用倒置相差显微镜、透射电子显微镜观察及荧光免疫组织化学染色的方法进行培养细胞的鉴定.结果 培养的细胞块3 d后可见部分细胞突起长出,7 d后整个组织块周围放射状长出较多细胞.倒置相差显微镜下,培养细胞呈一端细胞体丰富膨大,另一端有一长突起,细胞核椭圆形,常有2个或2个以上核仁;透射电子显微镜下,细胞胞体大,细胞浆丰富,内含丰富的8～10 nm的微丝.荧光免疫组织化学法显示细胞呈神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白和胞内视黄醛结合蛋白阳性,阳性率达95%以上.结论 运用组织块培养法可培养出兔视网膜Müller细胞.

Abstract：

Objective To develop a method for the primary culture of retinal Müller cells of adult rabbit in vitro. Methods Retina was isolated from adult rabbit, cut into 1 mm × 1 mm pieces, and placed into Dulbecco modified Eagle medium/F12 containing 20 % fetal bovine serum to culture. Cultured cells were identified by inverted phase contrast microscope, transmissim electron microscope and immunohistochemistry staining method. Results Visible cell processes grew out from the retinal tissues after three days culture, and more cells grew radically around the retina after seven days culture. The cultured cells were often inflated at one side and had one long process at another side, and the nuclei were elliptical and there were two or more than two nucleoli under inverted phase contrast microscope. The cytoplasm was rich and contained abundant microfilaments in eight to ten nanometers under transmission electron microscope. Immunohistochemistry assay showed that 95% of the cells were positive for glial can be cultured by the explant culture method.     

表皮生长因子对人眼Müller细胞增生迁移的影响及其作用机制

背景研究证实表皮生长因子（EGF）可促进鼠视网膜Müller细胞的增生和迁移,但EGF能否促进人眼Müller细胞的增生迁移尚未见报道。目的探讨人眼Müller细胞能否自身表达和分泌EGF及EGF对Müller细胞增生迁移的影响及其作用机制。方法同一代人永生株Müller细胞系MIO—M1细胞用高糖DMEM进行培养,利用MTT比色法观察不同质量浓度EGF作用24、48、72h,不同浓度CoCl2作用12h和24h,加入导致Müller细胞半数致死量的CoCl,浓度前2h加入不同质量浓度EGF的Müller细胞增生情况;Transwell小室观察正常及CoCl2缺氧条件下用不同质量浓度EGF作用24、48、72h后Müller细胞的迁移情况;采用ELISA法观察Müller细胞表达和分泌EGF的情况;通过Westernblot法检测体外不同条件培养下EGF对ERK1/2及Akt信号转导通路的作用。结果正常培养条件下,不同质量浓度的EGF作用后Mfiller细胞的吸光度（A570）值的总体比较差异有统计学意义（F=123．765,P=0．000）,100mg／LEGF促Müller细胞增生作用最强,为对照组的1．6倍,10mg／LEGF促Müller细胞迁移的作用最强,为对照组的4．5倍。各EGF组Müller细胞的A570,值均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈O．01）。缺氧条件下培养,Müller细胞半数致死量的CoCl2浓度为600nmol／L,提前2h加入10～100阻g／LEGF后,EGF对抗缺氧所致Muller细胞的损伤作用最明显。700nmol／LCoCl2致Müller细胞损伤80％时其自身低分泌7．8ng／LEGF。10～100mg／LEGF作用Müller细胞促增生迁移作用信号最明显,600nmol／ LCoCl2作用Müller细胞24h后ERKl／2及Akt信号强度减弱,提前2h加入外源性EGF后,ERK1／2及Akt两条信号通路最明显。结论EGF能以剂量依赖的方式促进体外培养的Müller细胞增生及迁移。正常培养条件下的Müller细胞自身不表达,缺氧条件下Müller细胞自身可少量分泌EGF。EGF可能通过ERK1／2及Akt信号转导通路介导Müller细胞的增生和迁移,并对CoCl2损伤的Müller细胞发挥保护作用。     

缺氧条件下共培养时观察Mtiller细胞对RPE细胞生长的影响

背景视网膜色素上皮（RPE）细胞和Mtiller细胞在维持视网膜的正常代谢中起重要作用,多种生理、病理过程与二者的相互作用有关。目的利用Transwell小室体外共培养兔Mtiller细胞与RPE细胞,观察缺氧条件下Moller细胞对RPE细胞增生和迁移的影响。方法应用组织块培养法和酶消化法分别培养原代兔Mtiller细胞和RPE细胞,免疫组织化学法鉴定2种细胞。取第3代培养良好的细胞进行试验。应用CoCl2培养细胞以建立细胞化学缺氧模型,分为常氧组和缺氧组,每组又分为对照组（RPE细胞单独培养）、共培养组（MOiler细胞与RPE细胞共同培养）。利用Transwell小室建立Mtiller细胞和RPE细胞的共培养模型,各组分别培养3、6、24、48h,利用MTT法和结晶紫染色法对培养存活的RPE细胞进行计数,检测常氧及缺氧条件下Miiller细胞对RPE细胞增生和迁移的影响。结果原代培养的RPE细胞符合RPE细胞的特征,90％以上呈现CK．18阳性反应。培养的Miiller细胞对胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）和S-100染色呈阳性反应。与常氧培养条件比较,缺氧条件下单独培养的RPE细胞增生数量增加,细胞迁移数量增加,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;缺氧条件下与MUller细胞共培养的RPE细胞增生数量和迁移数量明显增加,与常氧组和单细胞培养情况下比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。缺氧条件下,与RPE细胞单细胞培养组比较,共培养组RPE细胞的增生和迁移增加,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论缺氧可以促进RPE细胞的增生和迁移,Mtiller细胞可以加重缺氧引起的RPE细胞的增生和迁移。     

Modification of Isolation and Culture of Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells

Purpose: To modify the isolation of human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and to increase the purification and production of cultured RPE cells.Methods: The human eyecups were fixed on a rubber holder. After digestion by trypsin, RPE cells were collected, then cultured and identified by morphology, im-munohistochemistry and electron microscopy.Results: The cultured RPE cells grew actively in the early stage with transparent nucleus and abundant melanin particles in cytoplasm. These cells were positive in DOPA oxidase reaction and in anti-pancytokeratin antibody staining. Cellular microvilli and tight junctions could be seen through transmission electron microscopy. Conclusion: We developed a rubber holder to fix the eyecup. Using this holder, more and purer cultured RPE cells can be obtained. These cultured RPE cells are similar to those in vivo in morphology and immunohistochemical staining. Eye Science 1999; 15: 187 - 190.     

Inhibition of EGFR attenuates EGF-induced activation of retinal pigment epithelium cell via EGFR/AKT signaling pathway

AIM: To explore the effect of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibition by erlotinib and EGFR siRNA on epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced activation of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. METHODS: Human RPE cell line (ARPE-19 cells) was activated by 100 ng/mL EGF. Erlotinib and EGFR siRNA were used to intervene EGF treatment. Cellular viability, proliferation, and migration were detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) staining assay and wound healing assay, respectively. EGFR/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway proteins and N-cadherin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and vimentin were tested by Western blot assay. EGFR was also determined by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS: EGF treatment for 24h induced a significant increase of ARPE-19 cells’ viability, proliferation and migration, phosphorylation of EGFR/AKT proteins, and decreased total EGFR expression. Erlotinib suppressed ARPE-19 cells’ viability, proliferation and migration through down regulating total EGFR and AKT protein expressions. Erlotinib also inhibited EGF-induced an increase of proliferative and migrative ability in ARPE-19 cells and clearly suppressed EGF-induced EGFR/AKT proteins phosphorylation and decreased expression of N-cadherin, α-SMA, and vimentin proteins. Similarly, EGFR inhibition by EGFR siRNA significantly affected EGF-induced an increase of cell proliferation, viability, and migration, phosphorylation of EGFR/AKT proteins, and up-regulation of N-cadherin, α-SMA, and vimentin proteins. CONCLUSION: Erlotinib and EGFR-knockdown suppress EGF-induced cell viability, proliferation, and migration via EGFR/AKT pathway in RPE cells. EGFR inhibition may be a possible therapeutic approach for proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR).     

微囊化人内皮抑素/293细胞生物学性状及其对人脐静脉内皮细胞增生的抑制作用

目的 观察不同细胞密度的微囊化人内皮抑素/293(hES/293)细胞生物学性状及其对人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)增生的抑制作用.方法 采用聚电解质络合法制作不同密度微囊化hES/293细胞,分为1×104个/ml组(A组)、1×106个/ml组(B组)、1×108个/ml组(C组);同时将微囊内不包裹hES/293细胞者设为对照组(D组);每组6个样本.培养后1、3、7、14、35 d,锥虫蓝染色计数微囊囊内细胞总数、活细胞数和存活率;噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法检测各组微囊化hES/293细胞的生长情况;酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测微囊化hES/293细胞囊外内皮抑素(ES)蛋白释放量.取生长状态良好的HUVEC分别与A、B、C、D组微囊化hES/293细胞共同培养.于共同培养后24、72、120 h,MTT比色法检测微囊化hES/293细胞对HUVEC增生的抑制作用.结果 A、B、C组微囊囊内hES/293细胞总数和活细胞数均随时间延长而增多,囊内细胞存活率于培养后3 d最高.A、B、C组微囊化hES/293细胞生长速率比较,培养后1 d时组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);培养后3 d,A组较B、C组高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);培养后7、14、35 d,B组较A、C组高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).A、B、C组微囊化hES/293细胞囊外Es蛋白释放量比较,培养后1、14 d时组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);培养后3 d,A组较B、C组高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);培养后7、35 d,B组较A组高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).共同培养后24 h,A、B、C组对HUVEC均未表现出抑制作用(P＞0.05);共同培养后72、120 h,A、B、C组均明显抑制HUVEC增生,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 细胞密度为1×106个/ml的微囊化hES/293细胞生长稳定、存活率较高,可持续稳定的释放ES蛋白.不同密度的微囊化hES/293细胞均可抑制HUVEC增生.

Abstract：

Objective To observe biological characteristics of microencapsulated human endostatin/293 (hES/293) cells at different density and their inhibitory effects on the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Methods The microencapsulated hES/293 cells at different cellular density of 1 × 104 (group A) , 1 × 106 (group B) and 1 × 108 (group C) cells/ml were made by polyelectrolyte complexometry technology. The empty microcapsules were set as control group (group D). Each group has 6 samples. After 1, 3, 7, 14 and 35 days in culture, the number of total cells, viable cells was counted by trypan blue staining, and the survival fraction was measured. The grow status of hES/293 cells was measured by MTT assay, and the concentration of endostatin protein in supernatant was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). HUVECs were co-cultured with hES/293 cells of group A,B and C. The proliferation of HUVEC at the 24, 72 and 120 hours after co-culture was measured by MTT assay. Results The number of total cells and viable cells were increasing and the survival fraction reached its peak after 3 days in culture in group A, B and C. The growth rate in group A was higher than that in group B and C after 3 days in culture (P＜0.05), but the growth rate in group B was higher than that in group A and C after 7, 14 and 35 days in culture (P＜0.05). The concentration of endostatin protein in the supernatant was the same in group A, B and C after 1 and 14 days in culture (P＞0.05). However, group A had higher endostatin than group B and C after 3 days in culture, group B had higher endostatin higher than group A and C after 7 and 35 days in culture (P＜0.05). The hES/293 cells of group A, B and C had no effects on the proliferation of HUVEC (P＞0.05) after 24 hours co-culture, but can inhibit the proliferation of HUVEC after 72 or 120 hours co-culture (P＜0.05). Conclusions The microencapsulated hES/293 cells at a density of 1 X 106 cells/ml can grow and survive, and release endostatin protein stably.The microencapsulated hES/293 cells at different density all can inhibit the proliferation of HUVEC.     

Müller细胞对大鼠视网膜微血管内皮细胞增生和迁移的影响

目的:用免疫磁珠法原代培养大鼠视网膜微血管内皮细胞(RMEC),观察共培养Müller细胞对视网膜微血管内皮细胞增生和迁移的影响。方法:采用免疫磁珠的细胞分选法分离大鼠视网膜微血管内皮细胞,在条件培养基中培养生长,采用第Ⅷ因子抗体免疫组化染色方法鉴定细胞,采用流式细胞术和台盼兰染色分析传代中的微血管内皮细胞纯度以及细胞活性。传统的方法培养并鉴定Müller细胞。采用不同孔径微孔滤膜培养小室,进行大鼠视网膜微血管内皮细胞与Müller细胞分离共培养,对照组培养环境中无Müller细胞。以细胞曲线描绘反映细胞增生,并用流式细胞仪测定细胞周期。相差显微镜下计算穿过微孔滤膜迁移贴附于背面的内皮细胞数量。结果:通过磁珠分离方法获得了纯度为97.13%大鼠视网膜微血管内皮细胞,细胞活力达92%,第Ⅷ因子抗体染色呈阳性。与Müller细胞共培养的RMEC可早于正常培养2～3d进入生长平台期。RMEC中S期和G2期比例增加,G1期比例相对减少。S、G2和G1期百分比,在共培养组24h分别为44.0%,11.2%和44.8%,48h分别为42.3%,10.9%和46.8%;对照培养组24h分别为41.3%,4.9%和53.8%,48h分别为40.1%,4.7%和55.2%。迁移的细胞数增加,共培养6h移行至膜下的内皮细胞数12.2±2.5个,12h为51.7±23.4个,对照培养6h移行至膜下的内皮细胞3.3±2.5个,12h为14.7±7.0个,6h和12h两组内皮细胞数差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:免疫磁珠细胞分选方法可以获得高纯度的大鼠视网膜微血管内皮细胞,且对细胞活力无影响。Müller细胞可以促进视网膜内皮细胞的迁移,促进该细胞的增生。