Ocular Sarcoidosis in a Korean Population

The aim of current study was to evaluate the incidence and characteristics of ocular sarcoidosis in a Korean population. We conducted a retrospective study of 104 consecutive patients with biopsy-proven sarcoidosis seen at Asan Medical Center in Seoul, Korea, from 1993 to 2007. Medical records, photographs, and fluorescein angiograms were reviewed. Of 104 patients, 22 (21%) had intraocular involvement with female predominance (86%, M:F=3:19). Of the 39 eyes with ocular involvement, 16 (41%) eyes had isolated anterior uveitis, 12 (31%) eyes had intermediate uveitis, 6 eyes (15%) had panuveitis with retinal vasculitis, and 5 (13%) eyes had panuveitis with punched multifocal choroiditis. Mean duration of ophthalmologic follow-up was 62 months. All ocular inflammation was well managed with topical steroid and/or systemic steroid with relatively good final visual outcomes. Ocular complications such as cataract (12 eyes, 30%), glaucoma (6 eyes, 15%), vitreous opacity (1 eye, 3%), cystoid macular edema (3 eyes, 7%), neovascularization (2 eye, 5%), and epiretinal membrane (4 eye, 10%) were related to ocular sarcoidosis. In Korea, where sarcoidosis is very rare, our study indicates relatively low ocular and predominantly non posterior segment involvement with relatively good visual prognosis.     

山东省老年人心理健康状况及其影响因素

目的:研究山东省老年人的心理健康状况及其影响因素。方法:采用分层随机抽样的方法,利用自制问卷和症状自评量表(SCL-90)、社会支持评定量表对2013名60岁以上老人进行问卷调查。结果:41.1%的老年人SCL-90得分为阳性,在躯体化(t=12.50,P0.01)、强迫症状(t=3.33,P0.01)、人际关系敏感(t=9.00,P0.01)、抑郁(t=3.00,P0.01)、焦虑(t=5.56,P0.01)、恐怖(t=12.29,P0.01)、偏执(t=1.03,P0.01)和精神病性(t=6.15,P0.01)8个因子得分均高于全国常模,多元分析结果显示,受教育程度、婚姻状况、自理能力、慢性病种类、主观支持和客观支持6变量对山东省老年人群心理健康问题的影响有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:山东省老年人群心理健康状况较差,影响因素包括受教育程度、婚姻状况、生活自理能力、慢性病种类、主观支持、客观支持,应采取积极措施促进我国健康老龄化。     

老人日常生活活动能力的变化及与痴呆的关系

目的：了解正常老人日常生活活动能力的自然衰退情况及其影响因素，探索ＡＤＬ评定对预测痴呆的作用。方法：用１４项日常生活活动能力量表对３０１９例正常社区老人进行间隔５年的两次随访并按ＤＳＭ－Ⅲ－Ｒ标准诊断是否痴呆。结果：正常老人ＡＤＬ平均得分１４．９５，５年后增加１．４３。增幅随年龄增长而加大。痴呆组ＡＤＬ总分显著高于正常组，且离散度大，５年间平均增加１４．４９分。Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归分析显示，年龄大，ＰＳＭＳ得分高以及教育程度低者，发生痴呆的相对危险性大。结论：社区智力正常老人ＡＤＬ保持良好，自然衰退幅度不大，与年龄有关。如无特殊躯体原因，ＡＤＬ总分年内上升５分以上，应考虑痴呆可能。     

Ocular torsion produced by unilateral chemical inactivation of the interstitial nucleus of Cajal in chronically labyrinthectomized cats

Unilateral lesions of the rostral midbrain involving the interstitial nucleus of Cajal (INC) have been known to produce ocular torsion in alert animals including humans, which has been assumed to be the result of an impaired otolith-ocular reflex. We examined the effects of chemical deactivation of the INC using a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonist (muscimol) in cats that had received bilateral labyrinthectomy, and compared the results with those in normal cats. Ocular torsion with a magnitude similar to that observed in normal cats appeared in chronically labyrinthectomized cats after unilateral muscimol infusion into the INC, indicating that ocular torsion following unilateral INC deactivation can be produced by a mechanism independent of the otolith-ocular reflex.     

红细胞衰老过程中渗透脆性的变化

作者在用抗体诱发红细胞溶血清建立的红细胞在体衰老模型的基础上，研究了红细胞衰老过程中渗透脆性的变化。结果显示，随着红细胞年龄的增加，其渗透脆性增加，推论其渗透脆性的变化可能与红细胞膜结构及红细胞几何形状（即红细胞表面积与体积之比）的变化有关。     

Psychiatric comorbidity in Korean children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: psychopathology according to subtype

It is well-known that more than 50% of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) cases also have comorbid psychiatric disorders. We evaluated the comorbid psychopathology of Korean children and adolescents with ADHD using a standardized diagnostic instrument. The Korean Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL-K) was administered and completed in 105 patients who had been referred to the outpatient and inpatient clinics at the Samsung Medical Center from March 2004 to May 2005. All of the cases were diagnosed as ADHD according to DSM-IV criteria. We analyzed their clinical characteristics and psychiatric comorbidities, and assessed the correlation of any comorbidity with gender, age and ADHD subtype. Among our 105 participants, 70 (66.7%) subjects were diagnosed with combined-type ADHD, 22 (21.0%) were the predominantly inattentive type, only 1 (1.0%) was determined to have the predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type of ADHD, and 12 (11.4%) were classified as not otherwise specified (NOS) ADHD. Eighty (76.2%) subjects had at least one comorbid disorder such as oppositional defiant disorder (n = 53, 50.5%), anxiety disorders (n = 35, 33.3%) and affective disorders (n = 15, 14.3%). Our patients ranged in age from five to 16 years. Among the factors including gender, age, and ADHD subtype, ADHD subtype was the only one significant to comorbidity in our study. The results of this study suggest that psychiatric comorbidity in Korean children with ADHD is similar to the results of previous studies in western countries. Out of all the ADHD subtypes, the combined-type group had a significantly higher ratio of comorbid disorders and psychopathologies.     

Ocular Reduction in EEG Signals Based on Adaptive Filtering,Regression and Blind Source Separation

Quantitative electroencephalographic (EEG) analysis is very useful for diagnosing dysfunctional neural states and for evaluating drug effects on the brain, among others. However, the bidirectional contamination between electrooculographic (EOG) and cerebral activities can mislead and induce wrong conclusions from EEG recordings. Different methods for ocular reduction have been developed but only few studies have shown an objective evaluation of their performance. For this purpose, the following approaches were evaluated with simulated data: regression analysis, adaptive filtering, and blind source separation (BSS). In the first two, filtered versions were also taken into account by filtering EOG references in order to reduce the cancellation of cerebral high frequency components in EEG data. Performance of these methods was quantitatively evaluated by level of similarity, agreement and errors in spectral variables both between sources and corrected EEG recordings. Topographic distributions showed that errors were located at anterior sites and especially in frontopolar and lateral–frontal regions. In addition, these errors were higher in theta and especially delta band. In general, filtered versions of time-domain regression and of adaptive filtering with RLS algorithm provided a very effective ocular reduction. However, BSS based on second order statistics showed the highest similarity indexes and the lowest errors in spectral variables.     

亚健康评定量表评价广州市城镇居民的亚健康状况的信效度

目的:检验第一版亚健康评定量表(SHMS V1.0)测量广州市城镇居民亚健康状况的信效度。方法:应用SHMS V1.0对917名城镇居民进行现场测试。结果:总量表的Cronbach’sα系数为0.927,分半信度为0.871。量表各因子之间与其子量表分的相关系数为0.576~0.916(P0.01),39个条目与其所属因子得分的相关性均较大(0.643~0.879),与SF-36总分的相关系数为0.739(P0.01)。经探索性因子分析,KMO统计量为0.919,Bartlett球型检验结果为χ2=15512.758,υ=595,共提取出7个公因子,与理论构想基本吻合。经验证性因子分析,χ2=2330.101(P=0.000),CMIN/DF=4.524,GFI=0.855,NFI=0.846,CFI=0.875,AGFI=0.832,RMSEA=0.061,说明该模型的拟合效果理想。结论:SHMS V1.0可以反映出广州市城镇居民亚健康状况,具有较好的信度和效度。     

考试焦虑量表(TAI)的信度和效度研究

考试焦虑量表 (ＴｅｓｔＡｎｘｉｅｔｙＩｎｖｅｎｔｏｒｙ ,简称ＴＡＩ) ,由美国临床心理学家Ｓｐｉｅｌｂｅｒｇｅｒ于 1980年编制完成[1] ,自问世以来 ,ＴＡＩ就被各国学者修订和使用。 2 0世纪 6 0年代以来 ,国际上流行的考试焦虑测评量表多达数十种 ,但最有效的且应用最广泛的莫过于ＴＡＩ[2 - 4] 。ＴＡＩ属自评量表 ,共 2 0个项目 ,所测的考试焦虑是一种情景性的人格特征 ,包含忧虑性 (Ｗｏｒｒｙ)和情绪性 (Ｅｍｏｔｉｏｎａｌｉｔｙ)两个维度。中文版ＴＡＩ最早由我国心理学家宋维真和张瑶于 1987年在大学生中试用[5] ,但 15年以来…     

亚健康评定量表评价华南地区大学生亚健康状况的信效度

目的考量亚健康评定量表(SHMS V1.0)应用于大学生亚健康状况测量的信效度。方法选取华南地区1200名大学生,采用亚健康评定量表对其进行现场调查,研究量表内部一致性信度、分半信度、结构效度、内容效度、效标效度。结果 SHMS V1.0的Cronbach'sα系数为0.904,分半信度为0.778。各条目得分与其所属维度得分的相关性均较大(r=0.643~0.879),而与其他维度得分的相关系数较低(r=0.071~0.416)。各维度分与其子量表分的相关系数均较大(r=0.595~0.913),而与其他子量表分相关系数较低(r=0.244~0.633)。因子分析得到的9个因子与理论结构基本一致。该量表与SF-36总分的相关系数为0.739(P0.01)。结论应用SHMS V1.0评价大学生亚健康状态是可靠的、有效的。     

不同氧压暴露下正常和脑损伤动物微血管形态变化及其机制研究

目的 :探讨不同氧压暴露下正常和脑损伤动物微血管变化及其机理。方法 :大鼠 5 0只 ,沙鼠 40只 ,随机分成 5组 ,观察动物在不同氧分压暴露后皮下及软脑膜微血管形态变化 ,检测微血管NO含量与血浆中ET 1的变化。结果 :动物经 0 .1～ 0 .3MPa氧压暴露后 ,微血管收缩 ,ET 1浓度增加 ,而在 0 .4MPa氧压暴露后微血管收缩不明显 ,ET 1水平下降。软脑膜微血管NO在 0 .2MPa氧压下暴露呈间断释放 ,暴露 15min后 ,释放开始减缓。高压氧暴露时 ,ET 1与NO活性都增强 ,而NO释放有先快后慢、再减缓趋势。动物在 0 .2MPa氧压下暴露 3 0min后 ,NO释放基本处于停顿状态 ,而ET 1仍快速分泌 ,微血管表现为收缩。结论 :①微血管收缩反应在一定压力剂量高压氧暴露范围内随压力、剂量加大呈增加趋势 ,超过一定界限 ,收缩作用下降 ;②高压氧暴露引起微血管收缩可能与NO与ET 1分泌的时相和含量有关。     

基于定量磁化率成像的脑发育及老化研究进展

铁元素和髓鞘的变化间接反映了大脑结构与功能的改变,并与多种神经退行性疾病相关。在脑发育及老化过程中,铁元素沉积和髓鞘形成与脱落的过程会引起脑组织磁化率数值的改变。定量磁化率成像（QuantitativeSusceptibility Mapping,QSM）是一种基于梯度回波（Gradient Recalled Echo,GRE）序列对磁化率进行定量的磁共振成像手段,可定量脑灰质中铁元素的沉积和脑白质中髓鞘的含量。有研究表明,可以基于QSM图像用指数和泊松函数拟合脑发育过程中铁元素与髓鞘的发展轨迹,得到与组织学等其他定量手段相似的结论。在此基础上,研究人员构建了基于QSM图像的全年龄脑图谱,为研究铁元素和髓鞘在脑老化及神经退行性疾病中的作用提供了基础。该文介绍了QSM成像原理及其在脑发育及老化定量研究中的最新进展。     

Outcome with desipramine therapy in subtypes of nonpsychotic major depression

A consecutive series of 42 outpatients with major depression were classified as having endogenous or nonendogenous depression according to RDC, primary or secondary depression according to the criteria of Feighner et al. (1972) and suppression or nonsuppression according to a dexamethasone suppression test. These groups were then compared according to outcome after an initial placebo phase and after 6 weeks of treatment with desipramine. Patients with secondary depression were somewhat more likely to respond to placebo and were significantly less likely to complete the entire course of treatment. The primary/secondary distinction but not the endogenous/nonendogenous distinction predicted clinical status after desipramine therapy. In accord with earlier reports, nonsuppressors faired better than suppressors though this difference did not reach statistical significance. Moreover, nonsuppressors tended to have outcomes which were more discrete as reflected in a bimodal distribution for final scores, in contrast, final scores for suppressors assumed a more unimodal distribution.     

新生大鼠缺氧缺血性脑病脑内脂质过氧化物的变化

本文测定生后６－７天大鼠氧缺血性脑病（ＨＩＥ）时脑组织内脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）的动态变化，以及ＨＩＥ后吸不同浓度氧对脑组织（ＬＰＯ）的影响。结果显示，ＨＩＥ发生后２ｈ脑内ＬＰＯ即明显增高，１２ｈ达到高峰，２４ｈ后开始下降，到７２ｈ恢复正常。表明ＨＩＥ时脑内自由基产生增加，由其引发的脂质过氧化损伤主要发生在发病初期，特别是病后２４ｈ之内。ＨＩＥ大鼠吸入不同浓度Ｏ２后测定脑组织中ＬＰＯ变化，结果吸纯Ｏ     

Changes with age in cerebral capillary morphology

Age related alterations in cerebral capillary morphology were investigated in 4-, 10-, and 20-year-old Macaque monkeys and in 1-, 14-, 35-, 180-, and 800-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats. This study revealed the following changes with increasing age: a significant decrease in cerebral capillary wall thickness in frontal cortex in monkeys but not in rats; a significant increase in the thickness of basal lamina (BL) of cerebral capillaries in rats but not in monkeys, however there was a marked increase in this parameter in the monkey between 4 and 10 years of age; a significant decline in cerebral capillary endothelial mitochondrial content in monkeys whereas a significant decline in this parameter in rats was found only when the peak content at 35 days was contrasted with that at 800 days of age; and, aberrant tight junctions and thickened BL in one of five 20-year-old monkeys. These findings suggest impairment of barrier characteristics of cerebral capillaries with increasing age in both the rat and the monkey.     

Changes with age in cerebral capillary morphology

Age related alterations in cerebral capillary morphology were investigated in 4-, 10-, and 20-year-old Macaque monkeys and in 1-, 14-, 35-, 180-, and 800-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats. This study revealed the following changes with increasing age: a significant decrease in cerebral capillary wall thickness in frontal cortex in monkeys but not in rats; a significant increase in the thickness of basal lamina (BL) of cerebral capillaries in rats but not in monkeys, however there was a marked increase in this parameter in the monkey between 4 and 10 years of age; a significant decline in cerebral capillary endothelial mitochondrial content in monkeys whereas a significant decline in this parameter in rats was found only when the peak content at 35 days was contrasted with that at 800 days of age; and, aberrant tight junctions and thickened BL in one of five 20-year-old monkeys. These findings suggest impairment of barrier characteristics of cerebral capillaries with increasing age in both the rat and the monkey.     

Association of Interferon Gamma Polymorphism with Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament in the Korean Population

In this study, we investigated whether genetic polymorphisms of the interferon gamma (IFNG) gene were associated with the susceptibility of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) in the Korean population. To observe the association between the IFNG gene and the susceptibility of OPLL, we genotyped 135 OPLL patients and 222 control subjects for a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP, rs2430561) and a microsatellite (CA_n repeats, rs3138557) located in the first intron of the IFNG gene, using the direct sequencing and gene scan method. The numbers of microsatellites (CA₁₃ and CA₁₅) were significantly changed in the OPLL patients. A combined analysis of the genotype of rs2430561 and the number of microsatellites revealed that the OPLL was associated with frequencies of CA₁₃-AA, CA₁₅-AA and CA₁₅-AT. Our results suggest that the IFNG gene may be one of the factors determining the OPLL in the Korean population. However, larger collaborative and biological studies are needed to confirm these results.     

动脉粥样硬化性疾病患者血粘度和凝血纤溶动态图的变化

目的探讨血粘度和凝血纤溶动态图在动脉粥样硬化性疾病中的变化及意义。方法采用ＦＡＳＣＯ－９４全自动粘度快测仪和凝血纤溶动态图仪对３８例动脉粥样硬化性疾病患者和３０例正常对照进行血粘度和凝血纤溶动态图的测定。结果血粘度指标中除血沉和血沉方程Ｋ值外,全血粘度、血浆粘度、红细胞压积、全血还原粘度、红细胞聚集指数、红细胞变形指数均显著性高于对照组（Ｐ<０．０３５～０．００１）;凝血纤溶动态图中的凝血指标凝固启动时间、１分钟凝固程度、最大凝固程度、到达最大凝固时间和纤溶指标平衡时间、１分钟纤溶程度、完全溶解时间、平均溶解程度较对照组有显著性差别（Ｐ< ０．０３６～０．００１）。结论动脉粥样硬化性疾病患者存在血液高凝状态和高粘血症,并且两者相互影响。     

Alterations in response properties in the lateral and dorsal terminal nuclei of the cat accessory optic system following visual cortex lesions

Summary The response properties of cells in the lateral (LTN) and dorsal (DTN) terminal nuclei of the accessory optic system (AOS) were examined in 14 cats which underwent unilateral visual cortex ablation. Following decortication, single units in the LTN and DTN no longer showed the high degree of binocular convergence characteristic of the intact animal, but instead LTN and DTN units became almost completely dominated by the contralateral eye. In addition, responsivity of LTN and DTN cells to high stimulus velocities was abolished by removal of cortical input. This decrement in high velocity response was observed in both the excitatory and the inhibitory components of the velocity response profile.While the incidence of direction selective neurons in both the LTN or the DTN was not affected by decortication, the distribution of preferred and non-preferred directions was dramatically altered in the LTN, and to a lesser extent in the DTN. In the LTN, there was a severe reduction in the number of cells which displayed maximal excitation for upward stimulus motion. Instead, most LTN units in the decorticate cat preferred downward directed stimulus motion. In the DTN, most units still preferred horizontal stimulus motion as in the intact animal, but the overall distribution of preferred directions displayed a clear downward vertical vector component. In other respects, such as receptive field size and position in visual space, on/off responses, and resting discharge rate, LTN and DTN units appeared unaffected by cortical lesions.These experiments demonstrate that the cortical input to the LTN and DTN plays a highly significant role in the formation of response properties of cells located in these nuclei. The results presented in this report indicate that the visual cortex is a major source of ipsilateral eye input, high velocity responses, and upward direction selectivity for the AOS units examined in these experiments.     

高胆红素血症新生兔脑组织中氨基酸含量的变化及意义

目的:探讨兴奋性氨基酸的兴奋性神经毒性作用是否有助于高胆红素血症的新生兔脑损伤的演变。方法:采用新生兔复制高胆红素血症动物模型,测定脑组织中Na⁺-K⁺-ATP酶活性及递质性和非递质性氨基酸的含量。结果:模型组血清胆红素浓度显著高于对照组(P＜0.01);脑组织匀浆及神经细胞膜Na⁺-K⁺-ATP酶活力显著低于对照组(P＜0.01);脑组织中谷氨酸(P＜0.05)和门冬氨酸(P＜0.01)含量也显著低于对照组;而抑制性氨基酸(γ-氨基丁酸)含量显著高于对照组(P＜0.01);非递质性氨基酸水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:胆红素对新生兔脑组织能量代谢及钠泵的显著抑制可引起神经细胞外间隙兴奋性氨基酸的异常积聚,导致神经细胞的兴奋性毒性损伤,提示此种机制有助于新生动物胆红素诱导的脑损伤的发生。