野生种高原鼠兔的捕捉与饲养

高原鼠兔（Ochotona curzoniae）是兔形目、鼠兔科、鼠兔属动物，主要集中分布于海拔3200-4700m的青藏高原高寒草甸生境中。在青藏高原青海田鼠鼠疫自然疫源地的四川省石集县范围内，高原鼠兔属于草原优势种群且和青海田鼠型鼠疫菌的主要宿主一青海田鼠混居，为了解两者在动物鼠疫病上的关联的相关实验提供足够的高原鼠兔，我们于2004年7～8月，对石渠县俄多玛乡青藏高原青海田鼠鼠疫自然疫源地内的野生种高原鼠兔进行了野外捕捉及室内饲养的初步探讨，现简要介绍如下。     

枞阳县长沙乡鼠类抗药性研究

按全国鼠类抗药性监测协作组规定的方法，以极阳县长沙乡为试点，１９９１年１０～１１月对２２只褐家鼠（♂９，♀１３）、１９９３年１１～１２月对２４只褐家鼠（♂１４，♀１０）和１４只黄胸鼠（♂８，♀６）进行了抗药性监测．结果显示，１９９１年褐家鼠平均致死剂量为９．６３ｍｇ／ｋｇ，致死天数为４．５天，抗性发生率为零；１９９３年褐家鼠平均致死剂量为１９．５４ｍｇ／ｋｇ．致死无数为５．３５天，存活鼠１只，存活剂量为２７．８ｍｇ／ｋｇ，抗性发生率为４．１７％。两年间致死剂量平均增加１倍，致死天数平均延长近１天。黄胸鼠平均致死剂量为１４３．８１ｍｇ／ｋｇ，平均致死无数为８．４３天，未发现抗性鼠。本文提示，使用抗凝血灭鼠剂达６年以上地区，应加强抗性监测，防止抗性鼠出现。     

阿尔金山自然保护区高原鼠兔夏季微生境选择的主导因子分析

目的研究阿尔金山国家级自然保护区高山草甸和高山荒漠区高原鼠兔夏季生境选择的主要影响因素,为科学防控提供依据。方法2012年7—8月,累计设置和调查鼠兔活动洞群内5m×5m样方69个,另外在附近相同生境类型中无鼠兔活动地方设置对照样方62个。记录样方所在地的海拔高度、植物种数、植被盖度、植被高度、土壤硬度以及距道路的距离等指标。结果活动洞群和对照样方植被高度、植被密度、坡度、海拔高度、植被类型和土壤硬度等生态因子方面差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。主成分分析表明影响高原鼠兔生境选择的主要因子依次是坡度（0．886）、植物种数（-0．865）和土壤硬度（0．834）。结论高原鼠兔倾向于选择海拔高,坡度陡,植被高度低,而植物密度高,土壤硬度小的高寒草地或高寒荒漠生境。该结果为利用植被改良调控高原鼠兔密度提供了重要依据。     

催化模型在日本血吸虫病血清流行病学的应用

应用简单催化模型及两级催化模型对血吸虫病两个流行区人群ＩｇＧ及ＩｇＭ阳性率年龄分布资料分别进行分析。重流行区和轻流行区的简单催化模型曲线方程分别为ＹＡ＝０．８７６（１－ｅ＾－０．０４８ｔ）和ＹＢ＝５．７１（１－ｅ＾０．００３ｔ）；两级催化模型曲线方程为ＹＡ＝２．１３（ｅ＾－０．－３２ｔ－ｅ＾－０．０４７ｔ）和ＹＢ＝０．１９（ｅ＾－０．０１２ｔ－ｅ＾－０．０７５ｔ）。结果显示拟合优度良好。两种催化模     

野鼠自然和实验感染戊地病毒的研究

目的：研究3种鼠（小白鼠A，草原兔尾鼠B，子午沙鼠C）对戊肝病毒（HEV）的反应，方法：检查疫区捕获的小林姬鼠；对人工饲养繁殖后的B，C鼠实验感染HEV：第1次用已证实含HEV．RNA的人粪便悬液攻击A，B，C3种鼠；第2次用已感染HEV的小林姬鼠和B鼠肝组织攻击，观察各种反应。结果：第1次攻击后临床表现少而轻，仅20％B鼠出现鼠神萎靡，A，B，C鼠全部有酶血病，C鼠排毒HCV，RNA占25％，肝组织普遍有病理反应（占30％－100％），感染后死亡仅见B鼠（占50％），结论：实验用3种鼠均可感染HEV，应重视其在传播中的作用，并可从中筛选动物模型。     

城市拆迁地区防制家栖鼠扩散措施的研究

目的：了解拆迁地带采取防灭鼠措施，遏止家栖鼠扩散的作用。方法：现场调查试验，设试验区与对照区，灭鼠措施以毒鼠为主，并设１～２条防鼠屏障，用鼠夹法、粉块法及食饵法测定拆迁地周围鼠密度变化。结果：发现（１）拆前灭鼠，周围遭鼠侵害明显减轻，对照区四周鼠密度粉块法阳性率增加５０７倍，拖食阳性率增加３９８倍；（２）灭鼠并加设防鼠带，四周鼠密度夹日法减轻２９８０％，对照区则增加５１６倍；（３）拆迁地区２次灭鼠加防鼠带比一次灭鼠加防鼠带对四周鼠害减轻６６２４％。结论：拆前于搬迁前及拆房前进行两次灭鼠，并设置防鼠带，能完全控制拆迁地区家栖鼠向外扩散，降低四周地带鼠的侵害     

核电站事故释放信号核素^134Cs的滞留特性诱发生殖毒性研究

对核电站事故释放的信号核毒＾１３４Ｃｓ的体内滞留特性诱发生殖毒进行了研究。观察到＾１３４Ｃｓ的全身滞留方程的：Ｒ（ｔ）＝１８．０４ｅ＾－９．３１７５ｔ＋４５．１３ｅ＾－０．４２３ｔ。可见包括两个半滞留期，其中快组分Ｔ１＝０．０７天，慢组分Ｔ２＝１６．３８天。探讨＾１３４Ｃｓ在睾丸中滞留方程为：Ｒ（ｔ）＝０．００４７ｅ＾－０．１３３ｔ，共半滞留期为５．２１天。＾１３４Ｃｓ可诱发精原细胞染色体畸变，其     

催化模型在结核菌素试验阳性率研究中的应用

应用简单与可逆复合型催化模型拟合分析某地１９７９、１９９０年１５岁以下儿童“ＰＰＤ“试验阳性资料，求得复合型催化曲线方程为：ｙ（１９７９）＝０．２６２６（１－ｅ＾－０．０７２７ｔ），ｙ（１９９０）＝０．１６６４（１－ｅ＾－０．２３００ｔ）。通过ｘ＾２配合适度检验，结果显示拟合优度良好（Ｐ〈０．５）。此数学模型可概括一些传染病的流行速度、趋势及年龄分布等特点，为探索影响流行的因素、评价防治措施的效果     

SAM肝细胞色素P450 3A对衰老的作用

为探讨衰老与细胞色素Ｐ４５０３Ａ（ＣＹＰ３Ａ）活性的关系,用红霉素Ｎ－脱甲酶活性测定法分别检测了ＳＡＭ－Ｒ１、ＳＡＭ－Ｐ１和ＳＡＭ－Ｐ８三组衰老加速鼠（ＳＡＭ）中肝微粒体细胞色素Ｐ４５０３Ａ的活性,每组动物分为７、１３、３６周龄组。结果发现ＳＡＭ随年龄增长ＣＹＰ３Ａ的活性均降低,１３周龄组尤为显著,ＳＡＭ－Ｒ１组ＣＹＰ３Ａ活性下降约７２％（ｔ＝２６１,Ｐ＜００２）;ＳＡＭ－Ｐ１组ＣＹＰ３Ａ活性下降约７３％（ｔ＝２．７４,Ｐ＜００２）;ＳＡＭ－Ｐ８组中ＣＹＰ３Ａ活性降低约８６％（ｔ＝３．１４,ｐ＜０．００５）。ＳＡＭ－Ｐ１组ＣＹＰ３Ａ活性３６周龄比３周龄组下降约３５％,呈缓慢进行;ＳＡＭ－Ｒ１和ＳＡＭ－Ｐ８组中１３至３６周龄组均无明显变化。提示细胞色素Ｐ４５０３Ａ对衰老有重要影响作用。     

小剂量阿斯匹林对男性中老年脑卒中发病的一级预防作用

３９４８名中老年人基线调查，缺血性脑卒中（ＡＩＣＨ）年发病率为６．５９‰，出血性脑卒中（ＡＨＣＨ）年发病率为１．７７‰。每日服用单剂阿斯匹林（ＡＳＡ）４Ｏｍｇ～８０ｍｇ，连续观察４年。ＡＩＣＨ年均发病率下降至５．４９‰（ｔ＝９．９４６，Ｐ＜０．００１），而ＡＨＣＨ年均发病率无明显变化（１．７４‰，ｔ＝０．３４９，Ｐ＞０．０５）。提示小剂量ＡＳＡ对男性中老年人ＡＩＣＨ发病有显著预防作用，且不增加ＡＨＣＨ危险性。     

高原鼠兔对青海田鼠型鼠疫菌的感受性

目的　探讨高原鼠兔对青海田鼠型鼠疫菌感受性水平。方法　采用动物实验的方法 ,观察不同剂量组高原鼠兔对青海田鼠型鼠疫菌的反应。结果　高原鼠兔对青海田鼠型鼠疫菌具有高抵抗性和低敏感性 ,属低感受性类型。结论　高原鼠兔对青海田鼠型鼠疫菌仅为偶然性或一时性宿主。     

西藏帕里啮齿动物调查研究

目的了解西藏帕里啮齿动物种类及分布特点。方法采取夹捕法、粘鼠板法、笼捕法进行调查,旱獭等较大体型啮齿动物采用活套法抓捕。结果捕获啮齿动物72只,其中黑唇鼠兔57只,藏鼠兔7只,锡金松田鼠5只,喜马拉雅旱獭2只,灰尾兔1只,捕获率8.8%,脱逃率29.4%。结论帕里在动物地理区系划分上属古北界,生态环境复杂,海拔较高,生活着多种啮齿类动物,优势种群为黑唇鼠兔,有形成鼠疫自然疫源地的生态条件。     

The association of corneal arcus with coronary heart disease and cardiovascular disease mortality in the Lipid Research Clinics Mortality Follow-up Study.

The relationship between corneal arcus (arcus senilis) and mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is examined in a prospective study of White men (n = 3,930) and women non-hormone users (n = 2,139), ages 30-69, followed for an average of 8.4 years as part of the Lipid Research Clinics Mortality Follow-up Study. After excluding those with clinically manifest CHD at baseline, corneal arcus was strongly associated with CHD and CVD mortality only in hyperlipidemic men ages 30-49 years, for whom the relative risk for CHD and CVD death was 3.7 and 4.0, respectively, after adjusting for age, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and smoking status using a Cox proportional hazards model. Among 30-49 year old males, corneal arcus appears to be a prognostic factor for CHD, independent of its association with hyperlipidemia in this age-group, of about the same magnitude as other common risk factors, underscoring the usefulness of corneal arcus as a prognostic factor to the practicing clinician.     

新疆鼠兔属的种类组成及其分布区

为配合专题研究工作,笔者作了新疆鼠兔属种类及分布区调查。结果表明,新疆境内共有8种鼠免,占目前世界鼠兔种类的35%。文内对各种鼠兔的分布和分类鉴定作了论述。     

A study of the effect of perchloroethylene exposure on semen quality in dry cleaning workers.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of perchloroethylene (PCE) exposure on human semen quality. We compared the semen quality of 34 dry cleaners with that of 48 laundry workers. We examined the relationships of 17 semen parameters to expired air levels of PCE and to an index of exposure based on job tasks in the last three months. The average sperm concentration was over 80 million for both dry cleaners and laundry workers, but approximately one-quarter of each group was oligospermic. The overall percentage of abnormal forms was similar for the two groups; however, sperm of dry cleaners were significantly more likely to be round (t = -3.29, p = 0.002) and less likely to be narrow (t = 2.35, p = 0.02) than the sperm of laundry workers. These effects were dose-related to expired air levels and to the exposure index after controlling for potential confounders (e.g., heat exposure). The average percent motile sperm for both groups was slightly over 60%; however, sperm of dry cleaners tended to swim with greater amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH) than those of laundry workers (t = -1.73, p = 0.09), and level of PCE in expired air was a significant predictor of ALH in the multiple regression model (t = 2.00, p = 0.05). In addition, exposure index was a significant negative predictor of the sperm linearity parameter (t = -2.57, p = 0.01). These results suggest that occupational exposures to PCE can have subtle effects on sperm quality. Additional analyses are required to determine whether these effects are associated with changes in fertility.     

Corneal arcus and cardiovascular risk factors in Asians in Singapore.

This study was a cross-sectional random survey of the whole of Singapore, based on 2143 subjects (aged 18-69 years, response rate 60.3%). The presence of corneal arcus was determined by a doctor using the naked eye in good light. Cardiovascular risk factors were measured by standardized techniques. The prevalence rates overall of corneal arcus were: 18-29 years (males 0.5%, females 0.3%), 30-49 years (males 18.1%, females 13.3%) and 50-69 years (males 70.7%, females 55.3%). In the 30-49 age group, people with arcus had higher serum low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations than people without arcus, the mean differences being, males 0.31 mmol/l (P = 0.040) and females 0.62 mmol/l (P less than 0.001) with an increased likelihood of having values greater than 5.5.mmol/l of males 1.8 (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.0-3.4) and females 2.6 (95% CI: 1.4-4.8). There were no significant differences for LDL-cholesterol in the 50-69 age group. Arcus was weakly associated with fasting plasma glucose in the 30-49 age group. Arcus was not associated with serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, serum fasting triglyceride, blood pressure and cigarette smoking. It is concluded that while corneal arcus is primarily an age-related change, its formation is accelerated by high serum LDL-cholesterol so that in people under 50 years it is a marker for the condition.     

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy for assessment of human body composition

BACKGROUND: The usefulness of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)-based techniques for assessment of human body composition has not been established. OBJECTIVE: We compared a proton MRS-based technique with the total body water (TBW) method to determine the usefulness of the former technique for assessment of human body composition. DESIGN: Proton magnetic resonance spectra of the chest to abdomen, abdomen to pelvis, and pelvis to thigh regions were obtained from 16 volunteers by using single, free induction decay measurement with a clinical magnetic resonance system operating at 1.5 T. The MRS-derived metabolite ratio was determined as the ratio of fat methyl and methylene proton resonance to water proton resonance. The peak areas for the chest to abdomen and the pelvis to thigh regions were normalized to an external reference (approximately 2200 g benzene) and a weighted average of the MRS-derived metabolite ratios for the 2 positions was calculated. TBW for each subject was determined by the deuterium oxide dilution technique. RESULTS: The MRS-derived metabolite ratios were significantly correlated with the ratio of body fat to lean body mass estimated by TBW. The MRS-derived metabolite ratio for the abdomen to pelvis region correlated best with the ratio of body fat to lean body mass on simple regression analyses (r = 0.918). The MRS-derived metabolite ratio for the abdomen to pelvis region and that for the pelvis to thigh region were selected for a multivariate regression model (R = 0.947, adjusted R(2) = 0.881). CONCLUSION: This MRS-based technique is sufficiently accurate for assessment of human body composition.     

Racial Differences in the Prevalence of Corneal Arcus

A random sample of 300 employees from the working population of a sugar estate in Trinidad was examined to determine the racial prevalence of corneal arcus and its relationship to blood pressure and serum cholesterol. The higher frequency of corneal arcus in Indians and Negroes, as compared with Europeans, is shown and is especially marked in the earlier decades. Of Indian men, 48% between 20 to 29 and 74% between 30 to 39 years of age showed corneal arcus. Of Negro men, 67% between 20 to 29 and 78% between 30 to 39 showed it. No correlation was found between the presence of corneal arcus and raised serum cholesterol levels or diastolic hypertension. It would appear that premature corneal arcus in the Indian and Negro is probably without significance.     

Significance of arcus senilis in Caucasians

A study of arcus senilis in Caucasian men and women is reported. The prevalence of arcus senilis increases with age in both sexes and occurs more frequently in men. In women arcus senilis is uncommon before the menopause. The occurrence of arcus senilis in Caucasians is not a significant finding, except in men under the age of 40 years, when it is associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease.     

Ocra Method: development of a new procedure for analysis of multiple tasks subject to infrequent rotation

In the Ocra methods (Ocra index and Ocra Checklist), when computing the final indices (Ocra index or checklist score), in the case of more than one repetitive task a "traditional" procedure was already proposed, the results of which could be defined as "time-weighted average". This approach appears to be appropriate when considering rotations among tasks that are performed very frequently, for instance almost once every hour (or for shorter periods). However, when rotation among repetitive tasks is less frequent (i.e. once every 1 1/2 or more hours), the "time-weighted average" approach could result in an underestimation of the exposure level (as it practically flattens peaks of high exposures). For those scenarios an alternative approach based on the "most stressful task as minimum" might be more realistic. This latter approach has already been included in the NIOSH approach for multiple sequential lifting tasks and, given the recent availability in the Ocra method of more detailed duration multipliers (practically one different Du(M) for each different step of one hour of duration of the repetitive task), it is now possible to define a particular procedure to compute the complex Ocra Multitask Index (cOCRA) and the complex Checklist Score (cCHESCO) for the analysis of two or more repetitive tasks when rotations are infrequent (rotations every 1 1/2 hours or more). The result of this approach will be at least equal to the index of the most stressful task considered for its individual daily duration and at the most equal to the index of the most stressful task when it is (only theoretically) considered as lasting for the overall daily duration of all examined repetitive tasks. The procedure is based on the following formula: Complex Ocra Multitask Index = Ocra(1(Dum1) + (Delta ocra1xK) where 1,2,3,...,N = repetitive tasks ordered by ocra index values (1 = highest; N = lowest) computed considering respective real duration multipliers (Dum(i)). ocra1 = ocra index of task, considering Dum(1). Dum(i) = duration multiplier for task(i) real duration. Dum(tot) = duration multiplier for total duration of all repetitive tasks. delta ocra1 = highest ocra index among N tasks considering Dum(tot) (ocra(i max)) - ocra index of task1 considering Dum1. K = (ocra(1 max)*FT1) + (ocra(2 max)*FT2) + ... + (ocra (N)*FT(N)) over (ocra(i max)). ocral,Nm(1,N MAX) = index of tasks 1 to Ncons idering Dum,, (tot)7=Fr(i) c tion of Time (values from 0 to 1) of task; wi(i)h respect to the total repetitive time.