成人髋臼发育不良性骨关节病的X线及CT表现分析

目的:探讨成人髋臼发育不良性骨关节病的X线及CT表现特征。方法:对73例92个成人髋臼发育不良性骨关节病的X线及CT资料进行回顾性分析,73例均拍摄标准的骨盆前后位X线片,42例行CT扫描。X线片上测量反映髋臼发育的指标:外侧中心边缘角(LCE角)、臼顶倾斜角(AI角)、髋臼角(Sharp角)及股骨头突出指数(FEI)。结果:92个成人髋臼发育不良性骨关节病的X线改变为:髋臼发育不良及继发性骨性关节炎,均符合髋臼发育不良的测量指标。42例53个髋CT显示髋臼顶发育不良16髋,髋臼前部发育不良28髋,髋臼前后部均发育不良9髋。结论:髋臼浅小、倾斜及髋臼关节面下囊变、股骨头骨赘是成人髋臼发育不良性骨关节病的常见及较特征性的表现,CT能够比X线片更早且更详细显示。髋臼指标测量能够量化评估髋臼发育不良的程度。     

成人髋臼发育不良并骨性关节病的X线诊断

目的:通过对髋关节正位平片的检查和测量,探讨成人髋臼发育不良并骨性关节病的X线诊断。方法:回顾性分析我院40例,共69个髋关节成人髋臼发育不良继发退行性骨关节病的X线表现,测量其CE角(中心边缘角)、sharp角(髋臼角)和髋顶切线角。结果:CE角最大27°,最小-25°,平均11.2°。sharp角最大59°,最小49°,平均55.6°。髋顶切线角全部为零度和负角,零度28髋,负角41髋。继发退行性骨关节病,表现为髋臼顶及边缘骨质增生硬化,髋臼和/(或)股骨头囊变,以髋臼更为明显。结论:X线正位平片可良好地显示髋关节骨结构,结合CE角、sharp角、髋顶切线角等相关测量,骨盆正位片目前仍是放射科诊断髋臼发育不良并骨性关节病最简单实用的方法。     

成人髋臼发育不良并发骨囊变的影像学研讨

目的探讨成人髋臼发育不良（acetabulardysplasia,AD）并发骨囊变的临床及影像学表现特点,提高其影像诊断能力。方法回顾性分析66例成人AD的标准双髋关节前后位X线片、28例CT片、10例MRI片的影像学资料,并按有无髋周骨囊变进行分组：囊变组、无囊变组。测量方法有：髋臼指数、Sharp角、CE角、髋臼顶切线角、AHI（股骨头覆盖率）、髋关节内间隙、髋关节上间隙。数据均以平均值±标准差（x±s）方式表示,通过了检验进行统计学处理,以P〈O．05为具有显著性检验。结果66例成人AD中出现并发症的61例,占92．4％,其中髋关节脱位（含半脱位和脱位）49例,占74．2％,继发骨性关节炎18例,占27．3％。髋臼及股骨头囊状改变24例,占36．4％,其中单纯髋臼囊变14例,占21．2％,股骨头和髋臼同时囊变5例,占7．5％,单纯股骨头囊变5例,占7．5％．襞变组和无囊变组对照测量结果显示两组数据除髋臼指数和髋关节内间隙无差异外（P〉O．05）,其余均有显著性差异（P〈O．05）。结论成人髋臼发育不良易并发髋周骨囊变（软骨下假囊肿）,其发病率与年龄呈正相关,X线、CT、MRI检查是诊断成人AD并发髋周骨囊变（软骨下假囊肿）的有效检查手段,MRI在显示成人AD并发髋关节周围骨囊变方面优于x线平片和CT,尤其是早期显示软骨下小囊变。     

成人髋臼发育不良的X线分析

目的:探讨成人髋臼发育不良(AD)的X线表现。方法:回顾性分析67例89个AD的标准骨盆前后位X线片影像资料,选择髋关节测量方法中的中心边缘角(CE角)、髋臼角、Sharp角、髋臼指数、股骨头覆盖率、髋顶切线角、沈通氏线,运用DR软件系统进行测量分析。结果:89个髋CE角范围0°～33°(不含负角),平均20.8°;髋臼角范围12°～46°,平均24°;Sharp角范围40°～57°,平均47°;髋臼指数范围28%～69%,平均47%;股骨头覆盖率范围34%～81%,平均65%;髋顶切线角零度和负角占90%,正角占10%;沈通氏线不连续占86%,连续占14%。结论:成人AD的X线表现为髋臼变浅,臼口部变大、顶唇短缺,臼顶变平或向内下倾斜,臼顶最高点外移,倾斜度增大,股骨头覆盖不全、裸露区增大、形态改变及不同程度的脱位,继发髋关节退行性变或股骨头坏死。骨盆前后位X线平片是诊断成人AD简单而实用的影像检查方法。     

成人髋臼发育不良并发骨囊变的影像学研究

目的:探讨成人髋臼发育不良(acetabular dysplasia,AD)并发骨囊变的临床及影像学表现特点,提高其影像诊断水平。方法:回顾性分析50例成人AD的标准双髋关节前后位X线片、12例CT片、5例MRI图像,并按有无髋周骨囊变分为囊变组和无囊变组。分别测量髋臼指数、Sharp角、CE角、股骨头覆盖率、髋关节内间隙、髋关节上间隙。数据均以x±s形式表示,并行t检验。结果:50例(86髋)成人AD中出现骨囊变20例(28髋),占40%(33%),其中单纯髋臼囊变14髋(占17%),股骨头和髋臼同时囊变12髋(占14%),单纯股骨头囊变2髋(占2%)。囊变组和无囊变组对照测量:CE角分别为15.73°±9.08°和22.18°±4.69°;Sharp角分别为48.8°±1.88°和45.2°±2.26°,髋臼指数分别为(39.6±5.31)%和(44.4±10.85)%,股骨头覆盖率分别为(55.4±7.41)%和(66.4±3.93)%,髋关节内间隙分别为(10.68±3.80)mm和(8.56±1.86)mm,髋关节上间隙分别为(2.56±1.36)mm和(4.14±0.53)mm。2组数据除Sharp角和髋关节内间隙差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),其余差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:影像学检查是成人AD并发髋周骨囊变的有效检查手段,且CT和MRI明显优于X线平片,尤其是MRI可早期显示软骨下小囊变。     

成人髋臼结构不良CT应用价值

目的　探讨CT对成人髋臼结构不良的诊断价值。方法　对 2 8例髋臼结构不良患者的 5 6个髋关节CT资料进行回顾性分析。结果　成人髋臼结构不良的CT影像中 ,75 .0 %髋臼表现有前部发育不良 ,而髋臼前后部均发育不良 ( 14 .4% )和臼窝形态异常 ( 14 .9% )者少见 ,5 7.1%髋臼顶部有发育不良。此外 ,CT发现继发性骨关节病和股骨头缺血坏死分别为 91.1%和 16 .1% ,均高于平片所见。结论　CT有助于全面了解髋臼发育状况及其与股骨头相互适应情况 ;确定髋臼结构不良的基本类型 ;早期发现继发性骨关节病和股骨头缺血坏死及评估髋关节病变的严重程度。     

成人重度髋关节发育不良继发性骨关节炎的CT表现

目的:探讨成人重度髋关节发育不良继发性骨关节炎的CT表现.方法:对23例41个髋成人重度髋关节发育不良继发性骨关节炎的CT资料进行回顾性分析,男2例,女21例,年龄46～72岁,平均约52.2岁.结果:23例41个髋成人重度髋关节发育不良继发性骨关节炎的CT表现为41髋可见明显的髋臼发育不良(100%);其继发性骨关节炎表现为骨质增生硬化、软骨下假囊肿、关节间隙狭窄(100%);36髋可见髋关节再塑型(87.8%),即:发育不良的髋臼边缘骨质再生形成新髋臼,股骨头变形对应再生髋臼.所有病例均伴发邻近部位骨关节炎.结论:成人重度髋关节发育不良继发性骨关节炎的CT影像表现典型,髋关节再塑型是其特征性表现,反映了其生物力学的改建.     

成人髋关节X线测量及其临床应用

本文对520例(男、女各半)正常成人及94例成人髋臼结构不良的髋关节进行测量分析。认为Sharp角、髋臼指数和髋顶切线角是判断成人髋臼发育优劣的主要指标。Sharp角男、女性上限值分别为45°和47°;髋臼指数<21、髋顶切线角<0°为异常。上述三项指标值有二项不在正常范围内可诊断髋臼结构不良。作者主张用股骨头覆盖指数评价股骨头与髋臼之间的关系,其测量方法简单,定量准确,正常值为86.9±5.77,<75则说明关节有半脱位。     

髋关节撞击综合征的影像学表现

目的:探讨髋关节撞击综合征(femoroacetabular impingement,FAI)的影像特征。方法:对24例FAI的影像学资料进行回顾性分析,患者均行髋关节X线、CT及MRI检查。结果:FAI表现为股骨头颈解剖学异常,其中24例X线片示股骨头颈交界处骨性突起,呈"枪柄样"改变;5例有非圆形股骨头;3例髋臼后倾、髋臼过深,呈"8字征"改变;15例髋臼边缘软骨下囊性变;5例股骨头颈交界处皮质下囊性变。MRI显示24例髋臼盂唇、软骨损伤及关节骨质改变。CT示α角增大。结论:股骨头颈解剖学异常及髋臼形态异常是诊断FAI的主要征象,结合MRI显示髋臼盂唇及关节软骨损伤,综合评价可明确诊断FAI。     

CT测量髋臼前唇连线诊断髋臼发育不良性股骨头前脱位

目的:研究成人髋臼发育不良性股骨头前脱位的CT诊断标准.方法:随机调查100例正常髋关节CT表现,观察和测量髋臼前唇连线与股骨头的关系以及股骨头前间隙和后间隙,与28例髋臼发育不良的CT片作对照.对正常组和髋臼发育不良组所得数据采用t检验作统计学分析.结果:髋臼前唇连线与股骨头前缘的关系的测量值和股骨头前后间隙测量值在正常组和髋臼发育不良组之间对比具有统计学差异.结论:正常成人在股骨头中点层面上,股骨头前缘不超出髋臼前唇连线的延长线.测量髋臼前唇连线与股骨头的关系可作为诊断股骨头前脱位的客观标准.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.