上海市卢湾区居民2004-2011年白血病发病和死亡资料分析

目的 白血病是一种预后较差、死亡率较高的造血系统恶性肿瘤,近年来我国白血病发病率呈上升趋势.本研究旨在阐明上海市卢湾区2004-2011年白血病的发病和死亡情况,为白血病的预防和控制提供参考.方法 系统整理2004-01-2011-12上海市肿瘤登记报告中卢湾区户籍人群白血病发病和死亡资料并进行统计分析,计算白血病发病率及死亡率,并用2000年全国第5次人口普查的标准人口年龄构成和Segi's世界标准人口年龄构成进行标化.采用趋势χ2检验对发病率和死亡率进行趋势分析.结果 上海市卢湾区2004-2011年共报告白血病新发病例204例,占同期全区恶性肿瘤的1.96%.白血病合计年均粗发病率为8.15/10万,中标发病率为5.16/10万,世标发病率为5.84/10万.白血病男性平均粗发病率为9.69/10万,女性平均粗发病率为6.64/10万,男性白血病粗发病率高于女性.白血病男性和女性中标发病率分别为6.39/10万和4.00/10万;男性和女性世标发病率分别为7.41/10万和4.38/10万.8年间死亡病例共149例,占全区同期恶性肿瘤死亡例数的2.25%.白血病合计年均粗死亡率为5.95/10万,中标死亡率为3.33/10万,世标死亡率为3.88/10万.男性平均粗死亡率为7.27/10万,女性平均粗死亡率为4.66/10万,男性高于女性.男性和女性中标死亡率分别为4.50/10万和2.25/10万,男性和女性世标死亡率分别为5.18/10万和2.70/10万.2004-2011年白血病发病率及死亡率波动均较大.10岁以下儿童有一个发病和死亡的小高峰,65岁以上年龄段达到发病和死亡的高峰.结论 2004-2011年上海市卢湾区户籍人群白血病的发病和死亡几乎在各年龄段均有发生.应深入研究白血病的病因,寻找有效的预防和治疗措施.     

启东市1972~2011年乳腺癌发病趋势分析

[目的]探讨启东市1972-2011年乳腺癌发病变化趋势,为乳腺癌预防控制提供依据。[方法]根据启东市1972-2011年癌症发病登记数据库,对乳腺癌发病率作年龄、时间趋势分析,计算指标包括粗发病率、中国人口标化率（中标率）、世界人口标化率（世标率）、35-64岁截缩率、0-74岁累积率、累积风险、变化百分比（PC）及年均变化百分比（APC）等。[结果]1972-2011年启东男女性乳腺癌共发病3452例,粗发病率为7.68/10万,占全部癌症发病的3.72%,位居癌症发病第6位。中标率和世标率分别为4.65/10万和6.13/10万;35-64岁截缩发病率为15.31/10万;0-74岁累积发病率为0.64%;乳腺癌发病的累积风险为0.64%。男女性乳腺癌发病性别比为1∶62.93。女性乳腺癌位居女性癌症发病的第4位,粗率、中标率和世标率分别为14.94/10万、9.00/10万和11.78/10万。女性乳腺癌的发病率随年龄的增加而升高,35-岁组进入增长期,50-岁组达到发病率高峰,为37.10/10万。40年间女性乳腺癌发病的粗率、中标率和世标率的变化百分比（PC）分别为269.74%、73.80%和81.48%,年均变化百分比（APC）分别为3.38%、1.21%和1.31%。各时期女性乳腺癌发病率显示25-34岁年龄组的升降趋势不明显,35-岁以后各年龄组的发病率均有上升趋势。年龄-出生队列方法分析女性乳腺癌,显示40-岁以后各年龄组的发病率均呈上升趋势。[结论]启东近40年来女性乳腺癌发病率有上升趋势,40岁以上的女性是乳腺癌防治的重点。     

《中国肿瘤临床》文章推荐:BRCA1/2突变的中国健康女性乳腺预防性切除及Ⅰ期重建的临床实践

BRCA1/2为具有高度外显率的乳腺癌易感基因,可使携BRCA1/2突变的女性乳腺癌的发病风险显著增高。北京大学国际医院乳腺外科解云涛课题组通过对未经选择的中国乳腺癌患者进行研究发现,约5%乳腺癌患者携带BRCA1/2突变。携带BRCA1和BRCA2突变的中国健康女性,至70岁时乳腺癌累积发病风险分别为37.9%和36.5%。预防性乳腺切除可降低90%以上的乳腺癌发病风险。根据美国国立综合癌症网络(NCCN)指南(2019年),若乳腺癌患者终身风险≥20%,可考虑实施预防性乳腺切除手术。     

济南市城乡女性乳腺癌2012-2015年发病和死亡分析

目的 乳腺癌是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤.为了解济南市乳腺癌发病和死亡情况,对济南市2012-2015年女性乳腺癌发病和死亡现状进行了分析,为开展乳腺癌干预措施和确定乳腺癌研究方向提供依据.方法 利用济南市肿瘤监测系统提供的2012-2015年女性乳腺癌发病、死亡资料以及相应的人口资料,计算城区与农村地区年粗发病率/死亡率、世标率、年度变化率、发病年龄、绝经前/后患者比例、年龄别发病率/死亡率和城区与农村地区乳腺癌发病率、死亡率之比,采用Excel 2007、SPSS 16.0软件进行统计学分析.结果 2012年济南市城区和农村地区女性乳腺癌发病年龄分别为(54.40±12.40)和(52.02±12.48)岁,2015年分别为(55.34±12.14)和(53.15±12.10)岁,与2012年相比2015年城区和农村地区平均发病年龄分别增加了0.94和1.13岁;＜50岁年龄组乳腺癌患者的比例城区由2012年的38.20％降至2015年的33％,农村地区由2012年的47.10％降至2015年的43.65％.2012-2015年济南市城区女性乳腺癌年均发病率为52.77/10万,年均死亡率为9.76/10万,农村地区年均发病率为44.77/10万,年均死亡率为10.78/10万.2012-2015年济南市城、乡地区女性乳腺癌患者发病率比值30～＜55岁年龄组在0.97～1.08,25～＜30岁年龄组以及≥55岁年龄组在1.20～1.55,合计比值为1.24.2012-2015年济南市城乡地区女性乳腺癌发病率高峰分别在55～＜60岁(121.21/10万)和50～＜55岁(94.73/10万),≥60岁随着年龄增长发病率逐渐下降.死亡率高峰城乡地区分别在65～＜70岁(22.34/10万)和50～＜55岁(25.04/10万),济南市城区≥60岁随着年龄增长死亡率未见明显下降,而农村地区≥60岁随着年龄增长死亡率有所下降.结论 济南市女性乳腺癌年均发病率城区高于农村地区,而死亡率农村地区高于城区;发病、死亡高峰年龄城区均晚于农村地区.应采取相应的提早干预措施对肿瘤早发现、早治疗以改善预后.     

2006-2020年中国20岁及以上人群胰腺癌死亡分析及趋势预测

目的 分城乡和性别阐明中国≥20岁人群胰腺癌死亡变化特征及未来趋势。方法 基于中国死因监测数据集,采用局部加权回归和Joinpoint回归,明确2006-2020年胰腺癌的死亡趋势,通过年龄时期队列模型分析、预测胰腺癌死亡趋势。结果 2006-2020年,胰腺癌粗死亡率为6.320/10万,年龄标化死亡率(ASMR)为4.551/10万。城市和农村人群ASMR分别为5.643/10万和3.976/10万,男性和女性分别为5.485/10万和3.653/10万。胰腺癌死亡持续增加,农村人群每年上升3.684%(t=18.609,P<0.001),高于城市人群的0.173%,t=0.800,P=0.438。男性和女性ASMR每年增加基本一致,分别为1.834%(t=7.456,P<0.001)和1.994%(t=8.055,P<0.001)。年龄效应随年龄增长而增加,60岁以后所有人群年龄效应增长趋势放缓。时期效应随着时间推移而上升,城市和农村人群死亡风险15年间分别增加了57.054%和112.852%,男性和女性则各增加了79.803%和87.989%。队列效应随时期...     

大连市区1991-2010年肺癌流行趋势分析

目的分析大连市区1991-2010年肺癌流行趋势,为该区人群防治措施的制定提供依据。方法利用肺癌新发病例资料,分析组织学类型,计算粗发病率、世界人口调整发病率、截缩率、累积率和年度变化百分比(APC%),拟合性别、年龄、时期和队列等因素,筛选有显著性的因素效应,进行年龄、时期和队列三因素相互调整后的RR和95%CI的估计。结果流行概况,男女性粗发病率分别为74.7/10万和41.5/10万,世界人口调整发病率分别为55.3/10万和27.7/10万,35~64岁调整截缩率分别为115.55/10万和63.13/10万。0~74岁累积率分别为6.75%和3.37%,0~64岁累积率为2.43%和1.34%。时间趋势分析,男女性粗发病率的APC分别为+3.98%(P<0.001)和+5.44%(P<0.001),调整发病率的APC分别为+0.50%(P>0.05)和+2.02%(P<0.001)。流行趋势分析显示,男女性2001-2005年和2006-2010年两时期发病风险呈上升趋势,P<0.001;1941年以后出生队列发病风险呈下降趋势,P<0.05;≥35岁发病风险呈增加趋势,P<0.001。男性年龄发病风险均高于女性,女性队列与时期发病风险高于男性。结论人口老龄化与男女性肺癌粗发病率的上升趋势密切相关,女性世调率的上升趋势提示可能存在女性肺癌特定危险因素的作用。     

2017年河南省女性乳腺癌流行现状及2010—2017年变化趋势

[目的]分析2017年河南省女性乳腺癌的发病和死亡情况及2010—2017年间河南省女性乳腺癌的流行趋势。[方法]从质控合格的河南省2017年肿瘤登记数据中抽取女性乳腺癌病例。结合2017年河南省户籍人口数据,估计2017年河南省女性乳腺癌的发病和死亡情况。按照城乡和年龄分层,计算相应的粗发病率、粗死亡率、中国人口标化率(中标率)、世界人口标化率(世标率)、0~74岁累积率等指标。根据2010年至2017年的女性乳腺癌中标发病率和死亡率数据分析乳腺癌的流行趋势变化。[结果]据估计,2017年河南省有20861例女性乳腺癌新发病例,5299例死亡。2017年河南省女性乳腺癌粗发病率为40.05/10万,中标发病率为32.20/10万,世标发病率为30.05/10万,0~74岁累积发病率为3.19%。城市和农村地区的乳腺癌中标发病率分别为35.18/10万和30.88/10万。2017年河南省女性乳腺癌粗死亡率为10.17/10万,中标死亡率为7.61/10万,世标死亡率为7.40/10万,0~74岁累积死亡率为0.85%。城市和农村地区的乳腺癌中标死亡率分别为8.06/10万和7.42/10万。2010年至2017年期间,河南省女性乳腺癌发病率和死亡率变化均无统计学意义(发病率:APC=0.6%,P=0.6;死亡率:APC=-2.5%,P=0.2)。[结论]河南省女性乳腺癌防控形势严峻,应加大一级预防与二级预防策略的实施力度,减轻其对女性健康的危害。     

长春市延吉市女性乳腺癌筛查结果分析

[目的]了解长春延吉两市妇女乳腺癌发病情况。[方法]吉林省2008年中央财政转移支付乳腺癌筛查工作组采取乳腺手诊初筛加钼靶X线、彩超及病理学等进一步诊断的方法,对吉林省延吉市和长春市35～69岁妇女进行乳腺癌筛查。[结果]延吉市完成筛查10224人,检出乳腺癌13例,检出率为127.15/10万,高于同期全国乳腺癌检出率60.91/10万(P<0.05)。长春市完成筛查10067人,检出乳腺癌4例,检出率为39.73/10万,低于全国乳腺癌检出率(P<0.05)。延吉市筛查目标人群中不仅乳腺癌高发,而且其它乳腺疾病包括良性肿瘤和非肿瘤良性病变均高发。延吉市汉族受检人群乳腺癌检出率高达172.36/10万,而朝鲜族仅54.54/10万,后者与全国平均水平相近。数据分析显示朝汉民族乳腺良性疾病的检出率无差异。[结论]吉林省延吉市乳腺疾病包括乳腺癌、乳腺良性肿瘤、非肿瘤良性病变均高发,乳腺良性疾病检出率与目标人群中朝鲜族和汉族人口比例无关,但当地汉族人群乳腺癌检出率明显高于全国平均水平。应对延边地区深入开展乳腺癌及其危险因素流行病学调查。     

大连市区1991～2010年学龄期青少年恶性肿瘤流行趋势分析

[目的]分析大连市区1991～2010年5～19岁学龄期青少年恶性肿瘤流行趋势.[方法]利用5～19岁学龄期青少年恶性肿瘤新发病例资料,计算粗发病率、世界人口调整发病率(世调率)、年度变化百分比(APC),进行年龄、时期、队列三因素相互调整后的相对危险度和95％可信区间的估计,综合分析肺癌的年龄—时期—队列三因素变化趋势.[结果](1)发病概况:男性粗发病率和世调率分别为11.79/10万和11.80/10万,女性分别为11.99/10万和11.89/10万.白血病、脑瘤和恶性淋巴瘤位居学龄期青少年人群恶性肿瘤的前3位,构成比分别为34.14％、17.71％和9.92％.(2)时间趋势分析:男性粗发病率和世调率的APC分别为0.50％(P＞0.05)和-0.20％(P＞0.05),女性为1.61％(P＞0.05)和1.51％(P＞0.05).(3)流行趋势分析:男性发病年龄在10～岁组、1984～与1989～出生队列发病风险增加(P＜0.05),女性在2006～2010时期、1979～与1984～出生队列发病风险增加(P＜0.05).[结论]白血病是威胁大连市区学龄期青少年健康的首位恶性肿瘤,男性脑瘤和女性甲状腺癌发病的上升趋势值得关注.     

大连市区1991-2005年食管癌流行趋势分析

目的:分析大连市区1991-2005年食管癌流行趋势,为制定防治策略提供依据。方法:利用食管癌新发病例资料,计算粗发病率、世界人口调整发病率、截缩率、累积率、年度变化百分比(APC),拟合性别、年龄、时期、队列等因素,筛选有显著性的因素效应,进行年龄、时期、队列三因素相互调整后的RR和95%CI的估计。结果:流行趋势概况:男女性粗发病率分别为10.7/10万和1.9/10万,世界人口调整发病率分别为8.8/10万和1.3/10万,35～64岁调整截缩率分别为16.41/10万和2.42/10万。0～74岁累积率分别为1.06%和0.16%,0～64岁累积率为0.44%和0.11%。时间趋势分析:男女性粗发病率的APC分别为+1.92%(P<0.05)和-3.83%(P<0.05),调整发病率的APC分别为-1.39%(P>0.05)和-6.29%,P<0.05。流行趋势分析显示,男女性的发病风险分别在40岁和45岁以后随年龄增加而增加,P<0.001。男女性1921年以后出生队列的发病风险逐年降低(P<0.01),同一队列的发病风险均为女性低于男性。男性时期发病风险变化不大(P>0.05),女性2001-2005年的发病风险明显低于1991-1995年,P<0.01。结论:1991-2005年大连市区女性食管癌的发病率呈下降趋势,男性粗发病率呈上升趋势,应加强以男性为重点的食管癌防治工作。     

Gail模型在我国女性乳腺癌发病风险预测中的研究:系统综述与Meta分析

目的:评价Gail模型对我国女性乳腺癌发病风险预测的区分度和诊断准确性.方法:在PubMed、SpringerLink、中国知网、万方医学数据库中系统检索Gail模型对我国女性乳腺癌发病风险预测研究.由两位研究者对符合纳入标准的文献独立进行数据提取和质量评价.采用DerSimonian和Laird's随机效应模型评估G...     

Breast Cancer Risk Factors in Women Participating in a Breast Screening Program: a Study on 11,850 Iranian Females

The incidence rate of breast cancer in developed countries is almost three-fold higher than in developingcountries. Iran has had one of the lowest incidence rates for breast cancer in the world, but during the recentdecades a marked increase has been seen. The purpose of this study was to investigate some established riskfactors of breast cancer in Iranian women. A study of 11,850 women participating in abreast screening programwas conducted. The 197 women diagnosed with breast cancer and 11,653 healthy women were compared. Logisticregression was performed to investigate associations of reproductive and anthropometric factors with breastcancer risk. Family history of breast cancer (OR=1.94 , 95%CI=1.35-2.78), occupation (OR= 1.65,95%CI=1.20-2.25), education level (OR=0.50,95%CI=0.28-0.91), parity (OR=0.27, 95%CI=0.12-0.59), menopausal status(OR=3.15, 95%CI=2.35-4.21), age at menarche (OR=0.33, 95%CI=0.15-0.70), and age at the first pregnancy(OR=4.10 , 95%CI=1.13-14.77) were related to the risk of breast cancer. Decrease in parity may to some extentexplain the rising trend of incidence of breast cancer incidence in Iranian women.     

Risk factors of breast cancer in north of Iran: a case-control in Mazandaran Province.

INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among Iranian women. This study aimed to determine risk factors for breast cancer in the north of Iran. METHOD: A matched case-control study was conducted in Mazandaran province of Iran in 2004 of 250 biopsy proven cases of breast cancer and 500 neighbor controls that were matched by age within a 3 year period. Statistical analysis was carried out using conditional logistic regression with the backward elimination method and crude and adjusted odds ratios with related 95% CIs were estimated with Stata 8.0 software RESULTS: Multivariate analysis showed that higher education (OR=4.70, 95%CI: 1.71-12.88), late menopause (OR=4.18, 95%CI: 2.54-6.88), history of induced abortion (OR=1.62, 95%CI: 1.13-2.31), positive first-degree family history of breast cancer (OR=3.14, 95%CI: 1.37-7.20), and BMI (OR=1.02, 95%CI: 1.01-1.03) were risk factors for breast cancer. Furthermore, having more episodes of full term pregnancy (OR=0.87, 95%CI: 0.80-0.95), longer duration of breast feeding (OR=0.993, 95%CI: 0.989-0.997) and parity more than 2 were shown to be protective factors. CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed the role of some modifiable determinants of breast cancer that can be focused by public health intervention in the northern community of Iran. Accordingly, the women who have one or more of the following risk factors should take the special attention to risk of breast cancer: obesity, being menopause, positive family history of breast cancer and history of induced abortion. The protective effect of longer duration of breast feeding should be encouraged too.     

Oral Contraceptives,Abortion and Breast Cancer Risk: a Case Control Study in Saudi Arabia

Background: Several studies have examined the relationship between oral contraceptive pill (OCP) use,abortions and breast cancer, with mixed results. Hormonal changes associated with OCP use and abortion mayincrease risk of breast cancer over time, but there is a lack of studies studying this association in Saudi Arabianwomen. Materials and Methods: We thererfore conducted a case control study in 192 women (92 as cases and 100as controls), aged 30 to 65, and collected information on variables including examples related to study objectivesand those which may confound findings. The Chi square test was used to detect associations between variousfactors and risk of breast cancer. Results: We found no evidence of interaction between history of abortion orfrequency of abortion and breast cancer risk (Chi square=0.422, p =0.420 and 1, p =0.169) respectively. Oralcontraceptives did not confer risk for breast cancer overall (OR=0.276, 95%CI 0.092-0.829, p=0.524), while longterm use of OCP was associated with increased risk of breast cancer (OR=0.297, 95%CI 0.158-0.557, p=0.001),with higher association for those who used 10 years or more of OCPs (OR=0.282, 95%CI 0.095-0.835, p=0.02).Age at first use of OCPs had no effect on breast cancer risk (p=0.452) or age at diagnosis (p=0.074). Conclusions:Prolonged use of OC (more than 10 years) may be associated with increased risk of breast cancer in Saudi women.Larger population based studies are needed to confirm this finding in this population.     

Body weight at age 20 years, subsequent weight change and breast cancer risk defined by estrogen and progesterone receptor status--the Japan public health center-based prospective study

Few prospective studies have investigated the association between BMI at age 20 years (BMI20y) and breast cancer risk with consideration to estrogen/progesterone receptor status (ER/PR). We evaluated the association between BMI20y and ER/PR-defined breast cancer risk among 41,594 women in the population-based Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study. Anthropometric factors were assessed using self-reported questionnaires. Relative risks (RRs) were estimated by Cox proportional hazards regression models. Through to the end of 2006, 452 breast cancer cases were identified. We observed a statistically significant inverse association between BMI20y and breast cancer incidence [multivariable-adjusted RR for each 5-unit increment 0.75 (95%CI=0.61-0.92)], which was not modified by menopausal or recent BMI status. In contrast, recent BMI and subsequent BMI gain were not associated with increased risk among premenopausal women, but were substantially associated with increased risk among postmenopausal women [corresponding RR(recent BMI)=1.31 (95%CI=1.07-1.59); RR(subsequent BMI gain)=1.32 (95%CI=1.09-1.60)]. In subanalyses by receptor status (～50% of cases), the observed inverse association of BMI20y with risk was consistent with the result for ER-PR- [0.49 (95%CI=0.27-0.88)], while the observed positive associations of BMI gain with postmenopausal breast cancer risk appeared to be confined to ER+PR+ tumors [corresponding RR(for subsequent BMI gain)=2.24 (95%CI=1.50-3.34)]. Low BMI at age 20 years was substantially associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. In contrast, high recent BMI and subsequent BMI gain from age 20 were associated with increased risk of postmenopausal ER+PR+ tumors.     

Determinants of Breast Cancer Screening Practice among Women in Indonesia: A Nationwide Study

Background: Breast cancer remains the leading cause of death for women globally, including in Indonesia. Breast cancer screening plays a vital role in reducing deaths caused by breast cancer. However, breast cancer screening rate is still low and studies on determinants for breast cancer screening is limited in Indonesia. This study aimed to identify the determinants of breast cancer screening among women in Indonesia. Methods: This population-based study was conducted among 827 women who lived in either rural and urban areas, using a stratified sampling design where were based on province and locality combinations. Data were analysed using a binary logistic regression model to assess the associations between independent and dependent variables. Results: As many as 827 women with an average age of 29.91 (± 11.14) years old participated in this study. The overall breast cancer screening among women was 18.74%. Knowledge of breast cancer risk factors, signs, and symptoms (adj.OR = 1.75, 95%CI: 1.20 – 2.56), age of 35 to 39 years old (adj.OR. = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.02 – 2.26), and household income of ≥6,000,000 IDR (≥457 USD) (adj.OR. = 5.19, 95%CI: 1.43–18.84) were associated with breast cancer screening attendance. In contrast, Christian women had a significantly lower breast cancer screening rate that women from other religions (adj. OR. = 0.45, 95%CI: 0.24 – 0.85). Conclusion: The overall breast cancer screening attendance was poor among Indonesian women population. Age, household income, religion, and knowledge of breast cancer risk factors were identified as the determinant factors for breast cancer screening.     

Insulin-like Growth Factor-1, IGF-binding Protein-3, C-peptide and Colorectal Cancer: a Case-control Study

Context: Insulin-like growth factor peptides play important roles in regulating cell growth, cell differentiation,and apoptosis, and have been demonstrated to promote the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Objective: Toexamine the association of insulin-related biomarkers including insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), insulin-likegrowth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) and C-peptide with CRC risk and assess their relevance in predictivemodels. Materials and Methods: The odds ratios of colorectal cancer for serum levels of IGF-1, IGFBP-3 andC-peptide were estimated using unconditional logistic regression models in 100 colorectal cancer cases and 100control subjects. Areas under the receiving curve (AUC) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI)statistics were used to assess the discriminatory potential of the models. Results: Serum levels of IGF-1 andIGFBP-3 were negatively associated with colorectal cancer risk (OR=0.07, 95%CI: 0.03-0.16, P for trend <.01,OR=0.06, 95%CI: 0.03-0.15, P for trend <.01 respectively) and serum C-peptide was positively associated withrisk of colorectal cancer (OR=4.38, 95%CI: 2.13-9.06, P for trend <.01). Compared to the risk model, predictionfor the risk of colorectal cancer had substantially improved when all selected biomarkers IGF-1, IGFBP-3 andinverse value of C-peptide were simultaneously included inthe reference model [P for AUC improvement was 0.02and the combined IDI reached 0.166% (95 % CI; 0.114-0.219)]. Conclusions: The results provide evidence foran association of insulin-related biomarkers with colorectal cancer risk and point to consideration as candidatepredictor markers.     

Modifiable (Sleeping Pattern and Stress) and Non-Modifiable Risk Factors Associated with Breast Cancer: A Matched Case-Control Study in Delhi,India

Background: An utmost increase of breast cancer burden during the last several decades was reported in Asian countries. Findings from literature confirm that risk factors of breast cancers can be modifiable and non-modifiable in nature. Objective: The present study is designed to identify specific modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors associated with breast cancer. Methods: A matched case-control study was conducted considering 187 cases as women diagnosed with breast cancer and 187 hospital-controls as women without having breast cancer visiting the hospital. Other than standard risk factors, stress is measured using Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and stress is measured using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Several modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors were assessed using conditional logistic regression to find out significant association with breast cancer. Results: Regular multi-vitamin uptake (OR = 3.38; 95%CI = 1.69 – 6.77; p-value = 0.001), poor sleep (OR = 11.29; 95%CI = 4.36 – 29.25; p-value < 0.001), irregular sleep (OR = 34.11; 95%CI = 10.03 – 115.92; p-value < 0.001) and severe stress (OR = 6.74; 95%CI = 3.06 – 14.81; p-value < 0.001) were found to be the highest odds ratio among all modifiable risk factor of breast cancer. Also, age at first childbirth less than 30 years (OR = 0.44; 95%CI = 0.25 – 0.78; p-value = 0.005) was found protective against breast cancer. Conclusion: In our study, stress, sleeping pattern, and regular multi-vitamin uptake were found to be significant modifiable risk factors of breast cancer. None of the non-modifiable risk factors were found to be significantly associated with the risk of breast cancer.     

Risk of Breast Cancer in Japanese Women with Benign Breast Disease

To investigate the risk of breast cancer development in women with benign breast disease (BBD), 387 screen-detected BBD women and 1,489 normal women, taken from participants in the breast cancer screening program during 1978–1986, were followed through 1991. While 2,811 person-years in the BBD group and 11,018 person-years in the normal group were accumulated, 5 women in the BBD group and 6 women in the normal group developed breast cancer. Using the Mantel-Haenszel method, relative risks (RR) were estimated for all women with BBD and women in some BBD types. Significantly elevated risk of breast cancer was observed in all women with BBD (RR=3.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08−9.83). Women with proliferative BBD were at high risk of breast cancer (RR=8.48, 95%CI 2.99−24.10), but no increased risk was observed for women with non-proliferative BBD (RR=0.93, 95%CI 0.11−7.66). These results are consistent with those in high-risk countries for breast cancer. In the management of women with BBD, histopathological diagnosis of the breast lesion is essential and women with proliferative BBD should be followed up carefully.     

Association of PON1-L55M Genetic Variation and Breast Cancer Risk: A Case-Control Trial

Background: Paraoxonase 1 (PON1), a multifactorial antioxidant enzyme, has a defensive role against oxidative stress, which is believed to contribute to cancer development. This study aimed to investigate the association of PON1-L55M functional polymorphism with breast cancer risk. Material and methods: In the experimental study, blood samples were collected from 150 healthy women controls and 150 breast cancer subjects. The L55M genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results: Our analysis showed that the genotypes distribution is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for both case and control groups. Our data revealed that there are significant associations between PON1-L55M polymorphism and breast cancer risk in homozygote (OR= 2.13, 95%CI= 1.14-4.00, p= 0.018), dominant (OR= 1.72, 95%CI= 1.07-2.76, p= 0.024), and allelic (OR= 1.55, 95%CI= 1.12-2.15, p= 0.008) models. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the PON1-L55M genetic variation could be a genetic risk factor for breast cancer risk and it could be considered as a molecular biomarker for screening of susceptible women.