胫神经肌支切断术治疗脑瘫痉挛性马蹄内翻足

目的：评价胫神经肌支切断术治疗脑瘫痉挛性马蹄内翻足的疗效。方法：52例痉挛型脑瘫SPR术后马蹄内翻足畸形患者,男33例（38足）,女19例（26足）;年龄6～10岁,平均7.8岁。Ashworsh分级：Ⅲ级34例,Ⅳ级18例;踝阵挛阳性者42例。采用胫神经肌支切断术治疗。结果：随访1～3年,平均2.6年,痉挛步态明显改善,畸形均无复发。根据足部畸形矫正程度及患者的满意程度进行综合判定：优32例,良14例,差6例。结论：胫神经肌支切断术治疗小儿脑瘫痉挛性马蹄内翻足是一种安全、有效的手术方法。     

选择性胫神经肌支切断术治疗痉挛性马蹄足

目的 总结并探讨选择性胫神经三头肌肌支部分切断术在治疗痉挛性马蹄足中的应用效果.方法 选择自2000年8月-2007年12月于广东省第二人民医院接受选择性胫神经三头肌肌支部分切断术治疗的痉挛性马蹄足畸形42例作为研究对象,其中男性29例,女性13例,对比手术前后下肢肌力、肌张力、病理征的变化,对比手术前、手术后患者姿势以及功能的改变.结果 术后平均随访18个月,42例患者采用选择性胫神经三头肌肌支部分切断术治疗后,肌张力降低,踝关节活动改善,下肢功能得到明显改善,随访12个月时有效率为90%.结论 选择性胫神经三头肌肌支部分切断术是治疗痉挛性脑瘫患者马蹄畸形的有效方法,该方法手术操作简单,效果可靠,易于在基层医院推广.     

选择性胫神经肌支切断结合跟腱延长术治疗痉挛性马蹄足

目的：探讨选择性胫神经肌支切断结合跟腿延长术治疗痉挛性马蹄足痉挛的疗效。方法：12例痉挛型脑瘫马蹄足畸形患儿均行选择性胫肌支切断结合跟腿延长术，6周折除石膏后行康复训练。结果：10个月－3年的年的随访观察，所有病例均达到优良标准，马蹄足及足内翻畸形完全矫正，踝阵挛80％得到矫正，巴彬基氏征90％得以矫正。行走步态良好，无关节疼痛，讨论：选择性胫神经肌支切断结合跟腱延长术有效解除了马蹄足痉挛畸形，预防和清除了痉挛的复发。     

胫神经选择性部分切断术治疗小儿痉挛性马蹄内翻足

目的：探索小儿痉挛性马蹄内翻足的治疗方法。方法：对1995年3月－2000年6月收治的26例小儿痉挛性马蹄内翻足患者采用胫神经选择性部分切断术治疗。结果：所有患者足部畸形得到满意矫正，随访11个月－5年畸形无复发，痉挛步态明显改善。结论：胫神经选择性部分切断术是治疗小儿痉挛性马蹄内翻足的理想术式。     

牵拉和选择性胫神经缩窄治疗痉挛性马蹄内翻足

[目的]探讨Ilizarov牵拉技术结合选择性胫神经缩窄术治疗脑瘫痉挛性马蹄内翻足的临床疗效。[方法]回顾性选取2015年1月—2019年12月,于本院进行Ilizarov技术结合选择性胫神经缩窄术治疗的脑瘫痉挛性马蹄内翻足患者37例（48足）,包括Diméglio Ⅲ级32足,diméglio Ⅳ级16足,评估临床和影像结果。[结果]患者手术顺利,无神经血管损伤。手术时间平均（96.9±14.2） min,术中出血量平均（39.7±10.4） ml,部分负重时间平均（6.7±0.9） d,外固定架调整时间平均（8.0±1.1）周,完全负重时间平均（9.9±1.7）周,外固定时间平均（12.2±1.0）周。随访时间平均（18.3±3.6）个月,与术前相比,末次随访时,ICFSG [(37.8±4.0),(8.7±6.4), P<0.05]、MAS评分[3.0 (3.0～4.0), 1.0 (0～3.0), P<0.05]显著降低,踝关节活动度[(12.4±6.9)°,(33.7±10.4)°, P<0.05]和AOFAS评分[(42.1±7.7),(81.2±9.3)...     

马蹄足畸形矫形术后复发的原因探讨

我们在治疗马蹄足畸形时发现,有些矫形治疗不满意的病例术后仍呈跟腱挛缩步态,经再次手术治疗得到满意矫正,现报告如下。1 临床资料 92例马蹄足病例中,19人经当地医院初次手术后仍呈跟腱挛缩步态。病人年龄5～32岁,平均年龄24岁,男12例,女7例。2例为单纯痉挛性马蹄足,8例为脊髓灰质炎后遗症。初次术后畸形有所改善,但足背伸0°。4例痉挛性马蹄足合并膝屈曲挛缩,行了股骨髁上后倾截骨和跟腱延长术,并用长腿管型石膏固定下肢于伸膝及足中立位,术后轻度跟腱挛缩步态。1例合并仰趾足行了跟腱延长术后畸形仍明显,足底前部皮肤磨出了溃疡。4例为先天性马蹄内翻足,虽行了跟腱切断术,但足跟内侧软组织挛缩仍明显,足跟内翻影响了足背伸,导致畸形复发。     

胫-腓总神经侧侧缝合治疗下肢痉挛性脑瘫近期效果观察

目的：提出一种治疗下肢痉挛性脑瘫的新方法并探讨其机制。方法：6例下肢痉挛性脑瘫患者。将支配痉挛肌群和支配其拮抗肌群的胫神经和腓总神经干进行侧侧缝合；大腿后侧切口显露两神经干的近端约5cm后相互靠拢，切开两神经相邻面的神经外膜和束膜约2cm，切至神经纤维后，再相互并拢缝合外膜。4例患者手术同时辅以内收肌切断或跟腱延长术。结果：经过5-10个月的随访，6名患者的肢体痉挛，畸形均有缓解，其中5例患儿在不附加额外刺激的情况下，已无痉挛发作，恢复了患肢的主要功能。肢体功能尚随着时间的延长而进一步改善。结论：胫-腓总神经侧侧缝合后，脑瘫患者术后痉挛肌群可获得部分拮抗肌群神经的支配从而通过改变大脑皮层定位来最终缓解肢体痉挛，是治疗脑瘫的新的有效方法之一。     

胫前肌腱劈开移位治疗姿势性脑瘫内翻足

近年来，我们应用改良Hoffer胫前肌腱劈开移位术治疗痉挛性脑瘫姿势性内翻足17例，效果良好，报道如下。     

外固定器治疗脑性瘫痪僵硬性足部畸形216足疗效分析

[目的]观察外固定器治疗脑性瘫痪僵硬性足部畸形的临床效果,探讨脑性瘫痪足部畸形外科矫正和功能重建的新技术。[方法]回顾性分析1988年10月~2013年3月165例脑性瘫痪僵硬性足部畸形患者,236足,根据足部畸形的特征,设计不同构型的外固定器。上运动神经元损伤型足部畸形主要实施选择性脊神经后根切断术、选择性胫神经缩窄手术和距下关节外融合手术或距下关节融合术,同时安装外固定器。下运动神经元损伤型足部畸形主要实施软组织松解、肌腱转位术或截骨手术,同时安装外固定器。[结果]154例216足获得至少3年以上随访,马蹄内翻足64足,马蹄足70足,马蹄外翻足82足。其中上运动神经元损伤型足部畸形62足,下运动神经元损伤型足部畸形154足。佩戴外固定器时间8~13周,平均10周。采用Laaveg-Ponseti足功能评分系统:优88足,良78足,可34足,差16足,优良率76.9%。第一次术后复发14足,复发率6.5%。钉道感染32足,清理炎性分泌物或更换钉道位置后治愈。足跟部皮肤坏死、足底部软组织坏死和跟骨慢性骨髓炎1例,彻底清创和腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣转移后治愈。踝关节骨性关节炎1例,踝关节融合后治愈。[结论]外固定器治疗脑性瘫痪僵硬性足部畸形符合生物学重建理论,可提高疗效,减少并发症。     

手术配合系统康复治疗对脑瘫痉挛性马蹄足患儿步态的影响

目的 探究手术配合系统康复治疗对脑瘫痉挛性马蹄足患儿步态的影响.方法 回顾性分析2016年7月—2019年5月广东三九脑科医院收治的32例(64足)痉挛型脑性瘫痪合并马蹄足患儿的临床资料,根据马蹄足分型制定跟腱延长术治疗策略,术后配合系统康复治疗.观察治疗前后患儿踝关节屈伸膝背曲度、爱丁堡视觉步态量表(EVGS)评分、...     

外固定器治疗脊髓栓系综合征僵硬性足部畸形

[目的]观察外固定器治疗脊髓栓系综合征僵硬性足部畸形的临床效果,探讨脊髓神经源性足部畸形外科矫正和功能重建的新技术.[方法] 1988年10月～2006年6月,回顾性分析脊髓栓系综合征僵硬性足部畸形61例97足;年龄6～42岁,根据足部畸形的特征,设计不同构型的外固定器.上运动神经元损伤型足部畸形主要实施选择性胫神经缩窄手术和距下关节外融合手术或距下关节融合术,同时安装外固定器.下运动神经元损伤型足部畸形主要实施软组织松解、肌腱转位术或截骨手术,同时安装外固定器.[结果]得到至少3年随访的54例、86足进行分析,马蹄内翻足39足,马蹄足21足,马蹄外翻足16足,跟行足6足,高弓足4足.其中上运动神经元损伤型足部畸形19足,下运动神经元损伤型67足.佩戴外固定器时间8～12周,平均11周.采用Laaveg - Ponseti足功能评分系统:优38足,良29足,可13足,差6足.优良率77.9％.第1次术后复发3足,复发率3.5％.钉道感染18足,清理炎性分泌物或更换钉道位置后治愈.足底溃疡3足,清创和短期避免负重后治愈.[结论]外固定器治疗脊髓栓系综合征僵硬性足部畸形符合生物学重建理论,可提高疗效,减少复发.     

Treatment of spastic club foot]

In 38 patients with spastic cerebral palsy, treatment was carried out for talipes equinovarus. There were 12 children with spastic hemiplegia, while 24 had diplegia or tetraplegia. Surgery was done with the goal of achieving plantigrade and muscle-balanced feet. In 24 feet of 19 children tibialis anterior transfer was performed, while tibialis posterior transfer was done in 20 feet of 19 patients. Without exception, additional surgery was performed on the triceps surae (30 x ATLs and 16 Vulpius operations); medial arthrolysis was also necessary in 6 cases. The clinical results were assessed by the senior author in the weekly neuro-orthopedic clinic an average of 3.2 years after surgery. An additional questionnaire was sent to all patients' families asking for their subjective assessment of the surgery performed. Figures were collected for 30 patients with 38 treated feet. The results were evaluated according to Kling's criteria. We saw good and very good results in 75% of the patients (4 feet very good, 23 feet good), while 25% of the patients (9 feet in 7 patients) showed poor results with over-corrections and calcaneo-valgus foot as the main problem. The best results were seen in spastic hemiplegia and the poorest in patients with severe tetraplegia and total body involvement.     

10-year follow-up of split anterior tibial tendon transfer in cerebral palsied patients with spastic equinovarus deformity

Split anterior tibial tendon transfer was performed on 21 patients (27 feet) with cerebral palsy and spastic equinovarus deformity. All patients required orthoses preoperatively. All but two patients are now community ambulators with improved gait and without need for orthoses. There was one recurrence of deformity.     

Bridle手术治疗儿童轻度痉挛性脑瘫足畸形

目的：探讨Bridle手术治疗儿童轻度痉挛性脑瘫足畸形的疗效。方法：1993年2月－1999年4月,应用Bridle手术治疗儿童轻度痉挛性脑瘫足畸形32例57足,男20例,女,12例,年龄4－14岁,平均为7．5岁,双侧足畸形25例,单足畸形7例,呈尖足行走15例26足,马蹄内翻足畸形8例13足,剪式步态9例18足,结果：随访6－74个月,平均38个月,畸形完全纠正48足,占84．2％,畸形复发7足,占12．3％,并发足外翻畸形2足,占3．5％,结论：Bridle术式操作简便,能较好地纠正足畸形,是治疗儿童轻度痉挛性脑瘫足畸形的有效方法。     

Transposition of the posterior tibial tendon

The posterior tibial tendon was rerouted by the technique described by Baker and Hill in 35 feet of children with a dynamic varus deformity due to spastic cerebral palsy. The average follow-up period was 11.4 years. In ten of the feet, rerouting of the posterior tibial tendon was the only procedure performed. Eight of the ten feet obtained a satisfactory correction. There were no overcorrection problems in these ten feet. In the remaining 25 feet, the Baker-Hill procedure was done concurrently with other procedures, such as lengthening of the triceps surae (22 feet), calcaneal osteotomy (two feet), or plantar fascia release (two feet). The dynamic equinovarus deformity was corrected in all 25, but three subsequently developed a cavus deformity. This was probably caused by excessive weakening of the triceps surae rather than transposition of the posterior tibial tendon. Based on this study, anterior rerouting of the posterior tibial tendon seems to be a simple, safe, and generally effective procedure for correction of dynamic varus of the spastic hindfoot in children with cerebral palsy.     

距跟周围松解旋转术治疗儿童先天性马蹄内翻足

目的：探讨距跟周围松解旋转术治疗儿童先天性马蹄内翻足（CCF）的临床应用及近期疗效。方法：2004年至2006年采用距跟周围松解旋转术治疗儿童先天性马蹄内翻足24例（共36足）,术中行广泛的软组织松解、距跟去旋转矫正,保留跟距骨间韧带,去旋转绞链,避免跟骨失稳,行胫前肌腱延长。术后管型石膏固定6-8周。去除内固定后穿矫形支具〉1年。结果：均痊愈,平均随访2．3年（1～3年）,根据术后足的外观形态、足印、踝部功能、有无疼痛及x线检查评价疗效,疗效优16例25足;良6例8足;可2例3足,优良率为93．33％。结论：距跟周围松解旋转术是矫正儿童先天性马蹄内翻足的有效手术方法,其优点是手术松解充分、畸形纠正彻底,矫形效果良好。     

Selective neurotomy of the tibial nerve for treatment of the spastic foot

One of the most frequent neurological sequelae seen by the specialist in rehabilitation is the spastic foot. Spasticity in the foot may be responsible for abnormal posture and painful or trophic disturbances impairing standing and walking. This disability can be corrected by a simple neurosurgical procedure, the selective tibial neurotomy. In this procedure, one sections the tibial nerve branches to the muscles sustaining spasticity, i.e., the soleus and/or the gastrocnemius nerves for equinus and ankle clonus or the posterior tibialis branch for varus and the flexor fascicles for tonic flexion of the toes. After microsurgical dissection of each tibial nerve branch at the lower part of the popliteal region and their identification with bipolar electrostimulation, the selected branches are partially sectioned under the operating microscope. The present series consists of 62 operations performed in 53 patients, 9 bilaterally and 44 unilaterally. Operation obtained complete suppression of the disabling spasticity that had been present for 2 to 17 years (4 on average), total pain relief, and consequently improvement of the residual voluntary movements (by achieving a better balance between agonist and antagonist muscles) in 51 of the 62 spastic feet (i.e., 82% of the cases). For all of these patients, the beneficial effects were long-lasting over the 1- to 10-year follow-up (3 years on average). Selective neurotomy of the tibial nerve should be considered only after failure of intensive prolonged kinestherapy and of all available medical treatment. It must take place, however, before the onset of irreversible articular disturbances and musculotendinous retractions, which require complementary orthopedic corrections.     

Talectomy in patients with recurrent deformity in club foot. A long-term follow-up study

We reviewed 24 feet in 15 patients who had undergone talectomy for recurrent equinovarus deformity; 21 were associated with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, two with myelomeningocele and one with idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus. The mean follow-up was 20 years. Good results were achieved in eight feet (33%) in which further surgery was not needed and walking was painless; a fair result was obtained in ten feet (42%) in which further surgery for recurrence of a hindfoot deformity had been necessary but walking was painless; the remaining six feet (25%) were poor, with pain on walking. All patients wore normal shoes and could walk independently, except one who was wheelchair-bound because of other joint problems. Recurrent deformity, the development of tibiocalcaneal arthritis and spontaneous fusion of the tibia to the calcaneum were all seen in these patients.