经阴道超声引导快速弹击法穿刺治疗未破裂型输卵管妊娠

目的 探讨经阴道超声引导穿刺注射甲氨蝶岭(MTX)治疗未破裂型输卵管妊娠的操作方法、疗效及价值.方法 对16例未破裂型早期输卵管妊娠经阴道超声引导,采用自创的快速弹击法穿刺输卵管妊娠囊或妊娠包块,注射甲氨蝶呤.结果 穿刺一次成功率达100%,治愈率100%.结论 阴道超声引导下运用快速弹击法穿刺孕囊,并注射甲氨蝶呤治疗未破裂型输卵管妊娠方法简便,安全有效,患者无损伤,无痛苦,可保留输卵管,最大限度保留生育功能,值得推广应用.     

未破裂型输卵管妊娠超声引导下注射氨甲蝶呤治疗的价值

目的探讨超声引导下经阴道侧穹窿注射氨甲蝶呤治疗未破裂型输卵管妊娠的价值。方法对30例未破裂型输卵管妊娠进行超声引导下经阴道侧穹窿胚囊内或胚囊周围穿刺注射氨甲蝶呤(Methotrexate,MTX)20～35mg,杀胚治疗。结果超声引导下未破裂型输卵管妊娠肿块穿刺注射药物准确率100%,胚囊大小7.5±5.38mm,胚囊内注射成功率40%,胚囊周围注射成功率60%;总治疗成功率96.7%。注射MTX后,超声表现为胚囊变形、缩小、最后消失,胚囊周围滋养层血流显著减少、直至消失,约3～6周后宫外孕肿块消失。结论超声引导下经阴道侧穹窿穿刺注射氨甲蝶呤治疗输卵管妊娠,操作较简便,损伤较小,局部给药浓度高,疗效较好,疗程较短,有一定的临床价值。     

阴道超声下孕囊内注射甲氨蝶呤治疗输卵管妊娠30例分析

目的 探讨输卵管妊娠超声引导下局部注射甲氨蝶呤（MTX）疗法。方法对输卵管妊娠患者在经阴道超声下注人甲氨蝶呤观察异位妊娠组织及非均质包块的形成、发展与转归。结果22例未破裂型均获成功，成功率100％，8例破裂型1例失败。结论阴道超声下孕囊内注射甲氨蝶呤治疗未破裂型输卵管妊娠方法简便，安全有效，患者无损伤，无痛苦，值得推广应用。     

甲氨蝶呤局部注射治疗输卵管妊娠疗效分析

目的：探讨甲氨蝶呤（MTX）局部注射治疗非破裂型输卵管妊娠的效果。方法：超声引导下经阴道局部注射甲氨蝶呤5～50 mg。单次MTX肌内注射50 mg/m2的患者设为对照组。结果：MTX经阴道局部注射甲氨蝶呤治疗的成功率为85.71%,明显高于对照组（60%）,差异有统计学意义,P〈0.05。56例患者均未出现并发症。41例患者术后复查,患侧输卵管通畅。结论：经阴道局部注射甲氨蝶呤较其他药物治疗有一定的优越性,术后部分患者输卵管通畅,保留了生育能力。     

超声引导局部注射甲氨喋呤联合米非司酮治疗未破裂型输卵管妊娠分析

异位妊娠是严重威胁妇女生命健康的一种妇科常见急腹症。本院自2003年10月至2004年12月应用彩色阴道超声引导局部抽吸注射甲氨喋呤（MTX）、联合米非司酮治疗未破裂型输卵管妊娠，疗效满意，现报道如下。     

局部注射甲氨喋呤配伍中药治疗输卵管妊娠的临床效果探讨

目的寻找一种能保持优良生殖状态,减少并发症、无毒副作用、简便、无损伤、药物用量小的输卵管妊娠的药物治疗方案。方法对86例未破裂或符合条件的流产型输卵管妊娠病人,按治疗方案不同分两组进行对照研究,A组彩色阴道超声引导局部注射甲氨喋呤（MTX）治疗,B组彩色阴道超声引导局部注射MTX加中药联合治疗。结果A、B两组治愈率分别为96．8％、98．1％,无显著性差异（P〉0．005）;A、B两组的生殖状态（宫内妊娠和足月活产）85．7％、97．8％,有显著性差异（P〈0．005）;A、B两组的并发症（再次输卵管妊娠）分别为7．2％、2．2％,有显著性差异（P〈0．005）;血绒毛膜促性腺激素（B—HCG）B组比A组下降明显（P〈0．005）;病灶包块缩小或消失天数B组比A组明显缩短（P〈0．005）;输卵管通畅率B组明显高于A组（P〈0．05）。结论彩色阴道超声引导局部注射MTX加中药联合治疗未破裂或符合保守治疗的流产型输卵管妊娠具有方法简便、疗效高、无毒副作用、保持优良的生殖状态和减少并发症等优点,值得临床推广应用。     

经阴道超声介入治疗输卵管妊娠的临床探讨

目的：为早期未破裂型输卵管妊娠患者提供一种治疗手段。方法：选择17例患者在阴道超声引导下穿刺，直接注入5-氟尿嘧啶（5-FU）。结果：17例患者全部穿刺成功，14例患者治愈，治愈率82％，3例改作手术治疗。全部无并发症产生。结论：经阴道超声注入5-氟尿嘧啶治疗输卵管妊娠，适用于早期未破裂型输卵管妊娠患者，其定位准确，且用药量小。     

阴道彩超引导下局部注射氨甲喋呤治疗早期输卵管妊娠41例

目的探讨阴道彩超引导下局部注射氨甲喋呤(MTX)治疗早期输卵管妊娠的临床价值.方法彩超引导经阴道对输卵管妊娠囊穿刺并注人MTX.结果确诊的41例早期输卵管妊娠中,MTX一次性治疗治愈者37例,2次或3次治疗治愈者3例,总治愈率97.5%(40/41).结论阴道彩超引导下局部注射氨甲喋呤治疗早期输卵管妊娠具有安全、有效、无创伤性、局部用药浓度高、副作用小及费用少并取代了外科手术干预等优点,尤其对曾因宫外孕手术或迫切希望保留生育能力的患者是一种理想的新的治疗方法,值得推广应用.     

经阴道B超引导下局注MTX治疗输卵管妊娠

输卵管妊娠是常见的妇科疾病,作者应用阴道B超引导下局部注射甲氨喋呤(MTX)治疗非破裂型输卵管妊娠,取得良好效果,现报道如下.     

输卵管妊娠介入治疗20例临床观察

早期输卵管妊娠，可通过保守治疗获得成功，避免了手术创伤和腹腔干扰，并获得了完整的输卵管，且一次性局部注射氨甲喋呤（MTX），毒副作用轻，成功率高。作通过对加例异位妊娠进行B超引导，经阴道穹窿穿刺患侧输卵管，注入MTX杀死胚胎组织的方法，取得较满意的效果，现报告如下。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.