腰椎间盘突出症蛋白质组学变化与中医证型的相关性

背景：腰椎间盘突出症的中西医结合治疗效果较好。 目的：全面综述腰椎间盘突出症中医辨证分型与蛋白质组学相关的研究。 方法：检索万方、清华同方等中文数据库及Pubmed数据库2001-01/2010-12的相关文章,中文检索词为“中医证型、蛋白质组学、腰椎间盘突出症”,英文检索词为“syndrome types, traditional Chinese medicine, protcomics, lumbar intervertebral disk protrusion”。纳入腰椎间盘突出症血清蛋白质组学研究及蛋白质组学、中医分型与中医药3者关联的研究,排除重复研究及Meta分析类文章。 结果与结论：计算机检索得到361篇文献,中文79篇,英文282篇,阅读标题与摘要进行筛选,排除与此文无关的文献。对29个符合要求的研究进行综述。研究认为,部分疾病的中医分型与血清蛋白质组学有关,机体某些特异性标志蛋白表达可能与椎间盘退变相关。腰椎间盘突出症与中医血瘀证、湿热证、寒湿证等证型的关联性得到了部分实验及临床的验证,但缺乏蛋白质组学相关性研究。     

慢性乙型肝炎抗病毒治疗的共识与浅见

慢性乙型肝炎(慢乙肝,CHB)的发病机制复杂,仍未完全阐明。但病毒持续复制和机体免疫清除反应,是发病的两个基本因素。慢性乙型肝炎是当前最严重的健康问题之一,全球目前有3.5亿慢性乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染者,每年约有100万人死于乙型肝炎病毒感染的相关疾病,占疾病死因的第9位,其中75％分布在亚太地区。长期以来,许多基础学者和临床学者对治疗慢性乙型肝炎的研究进行了不懈地努力。对有效的治疗药物和方法也已形成共识,但均未取得突破性进展。因此进一步研究仍是当务之急。     

辨证施护在慢性乙型肝炎患者睡眠障碍中的应用研究

慢性乙型肝炎（ChronicHepatitisB，CHB）是目前我国最常见的传染病之一，睡眠障碍是该传染病的常见症状和影响生活质量的主要因素。本文通过实施中西医结合护理及中医辩证施护慢性乙型肝炎患者，患者睡眠质量明显改善，取得满意效果，现报告如下。     

蛋白质组学在心血管疾病中的研究及应用进展

随着人类基因组的完成,功能基因组学成为研究的重心,作为功能基因组学重要组成部分的蛋白质组学成为生命科学研究的前沿和热点。在人和动物中直接运用蛋白质组学分析将对不明发病机制的疾病研究有较大突破,并为新的治疗方法、诊断技术和新的药物靶点的研究提供线索。蛋白质组学与基因组学、生物信息学等领域的交叉研究形成了系统生物学研究模式。目前,蛋白质组学技术已经广泛应用于肿瘤、血液性疾病、自身免疫病等方面的研究,并且取得了一定进展,本文综述蛋白质组学在心血管疾病领域的研究进展。     

自体LAK细胞回输治疗慢性乙型肝炎的近期疗效

<正> 输注LAK细胞作为一种过继免疫疗法在肿瘤治疗中已取得一定疗效,现正在试治其它疾病,如慢性乙型肝炎。本文参照国家慢性乙型肝炎“七五”攻关组的方法,采用短期培养制备自体LAK细胞回输治疗慢性乙型肝炎患者,现将近期疗效报告如下。     

肝脏蛋白质组学研究的若干进展

蛋白质组学是继基因组学之后出现的一门新兴学科，但近年来发展十分迅速，在研究方法上日见成熟，研究领域也日趋广泛。本文主要介绍了近年来蛋白质组学的常用技术及蛋白质组学在肝脏病研究中的若干进展。     

中医对慢性心衰气虚血瘀证型的探讨

慢性心衰是临床常见的危重病,为多数器质性心脏病死亡的主要原因。研究其发病机制和研发新的治疗方案一直是心血管领域的研究热点。经过多年的研究发现,祖国传统医学在治疗慢性心衰方面取得了不错的成果。本文通过分析近年文献,总结专业学者治疗慢性心力衰竭的经验,从病因病机出发,以慢性心衰气虚血瘀证型为主探讨慢性心力衰竭的研究进展,从而观察益气活血治法对慢性心衰气虚血瘀证型的临床疗效及远期预后的影响。     

慢性肾小球肾炎中医证型与血、尿中IL-2、sIL-2R关系

慢性肾小球肾炎 (ＣＧＮ)免疫功能紊乱已得到公认 ,但这种免疫功能紊乱与中医证型的相关性尚未得到统一认识。为了探讨ＣＧＮ不同证型的细胞免疫改变以及与各证型间的相关性 ,我们选择了 89例ＣＧＮ患者 ,观察血、尿白细胞介素- 2 (ＩＬ - 2 )、可溶性白细胞介素 - 2受体 (ｓＩＬ - 2Ｒ)的变化 ,现报道如下。对象和方法一、对象 :本文 142例慢性肾小球肾炎病人均符合 1992年《中华内科杂志》编委会肾病小组“原发性肾小球疾病分型与治疗及诊断标准”[1] ,中医辨证参照全国第 2次中医肾病学术会议“慢性肾炎中医辨证分型标准”[2 ] 。所有病…     

糖尿病周围神经病变中医辩证分型研究

目的对糖尿病周围神经病变进行病情分级，并对与中医证型的相关性进行研究。方法釆用中医辨证论治的方法，对山西省中西医结合医院内分泌科门诊及住院200例DPN患者的中医辨证分型规律进行研究。对符合纳入标准的人群进行一般资料及四诊资料的收集，同时进行病情分级及中医辨证，应用证候要素及应证组合理论得出糖尿病周围神经病变证候分布特点。统计数据为计数资料，采用频数表示。结果糖尿病周围神经病变在各证型的分布情况，由多到少依次排列为：阳虚血瘀证、气虚血瘀证、痰瘀阻络证、阴虚血瘀证。结论阳虚血瘀证型在DPN患者中最常见。为进一步研究糖尿病周围神经病变中医药治疗方向提供了参考。     

慢性乙肝和肝硬变病人的心理健康状况调查

慢性乙型肝炎是临床上一种常见而多发的疾病 ,它具有传染性强 ,慢性病程 ,预后较差的特点 ,病人可能发展为肝硬变、肝癌、肝衰竭等危及生命的疾病。在我国肝硬变的主要病因是慢性乙肝。对慢性肝病的研究多从生物医学角度来探讨 ,从心理社会角度的研究甚少 ,尤其关于在乙肝转变为肝硬化的过程中心理因素是否起一定作用。为了了解慢性乙肝和肝硬变病人的心理问题 ,我们对住院慢性乙肝和乙型肝炎肝硬变病人各 30例进行了问卷式心理调查 ,并观察其心理问题与病人个性、应对方式等因素的关系 ,以期对慢性肝病临床工作中的心理治疗提供指导依据。1…     

慢性乙型肝炎合并非酒精性脂肪性肝病 中医辨治的研究进展

慢性乙型肝炎是我国三大肝病之一,近年来随着人们生活习惯及饮食方式等改变,非酒精性脂肪性肝病患病率明显增高,两者并存于同一个体的现象较为普遍,病情更加复杂,治疗难度增大。中医药在促进肝脏脂肪代谢、提高抗病毒疗效、抗纤维化进展等方面展现了独特的优势。本文通过收集相关文献从中医学理、法、方药、非药物治疗等几个方面作为切入点,浅述慢性乙型肝炎合并非酒精性脂肪性肝病患者中医辨治的研究进展。     

Iron overload and HFE gene mutations in Czech patients with chronic liver diseases

The aim of the study was to identify the prevalence of HFE gene mutations in Czech patients with chronic liver diseases and the influence of the mutations on iron status. The presence of HFE gene mutations (C282Y, H63D, and S65C) analyzed by the PCR-RFLP method, presence of cirrhosis, and serum iron indices were compared among 454 patients with different chronic liver diseases (51 with chronic hepatitis B, 122 with chronic hepatitis C, 218 with alcoholic liver disease, and 63 patients with hemochromatosis). Chronic liver diseases patients other than hemochromatics did not have an increased frequency of HFE gene mutations compared to controls. Although 33.3% of patients with hepatitis B, 43% of patients with hepatitis C, and 73.2% of patients with alcoholic liver disease had elevated transferrin saturation or serum ferritin levels, the presence of HFE gene mutations was not significantly associated with iron overload in these patients. Additionally, patients with cirrhosis did not have frequencies of HFE mutations different from those without cirrhosis. This study emphasizes the importance, not only of C282Y, but also of the H63D homozygous genetic constellation in Czech hemochromatosis patients. Our findings show that increased iron indices are common in chronic liver diseases but {\it HFE} mutations do not play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis B, chronic hepatitis C, and alcoholic liver disease.     

Epidemiology and prevention of hepatitis B virus infection

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been a major global cause of morbidity and mortality. The recognition of the problem led to a worldwide effort to reduce transmission of HBV through routine infant vaccination. HBV infection is the most common cause of chronic liver diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma in Korea. After hepatitis B vaccine era, seroprevalence of hepatits B surface antigen is decreasing, particularly in children. Hepatitis B vaccine is remarkably safe and shows high immunogenicity. Universal childhood immunization with three doses of hepatitis B vaccine in the first year of life is a highly effective method for prevention and control of hepatitis B.     

Viral hepatitis at the beginning of the 21st century--value of liver biopsy in the context of development of new non-invasive diagnostic methods and in relation to the modern therapy of chronic viral hepatitis

The rapid progress in the development of virostatic agents over the past 15 years has changed chronic viral hepatitis from causally incurable diseases to diseases that may be treated or even cured. But, the treatment is a long-term process and it remains very expensive. Therefore, it is important to establish the correct diagnosis with the exact stratification of the disease (in terms of serological findings, regarding the activity of the inflammation and alterations of liver parenchyma) to determine the appropriate treatment schedule. The text includes an overview of histopathological classifications of chronic hepatitis from the clinical perspective; we discuss the contribution of liver biopsy in the era of the development of non-invasive diagnostic methods for determining the degree of alteration of liver parenchyma (elastography in particular). Furthermore, the principles of modern therapy of the most common chronic viral hepatitis (i.e. B and C) are summarized with emphasis on situations where the histopathological examination of liver tissue plays a role in the indication or affects the treatment schedule.     

Imunofan: new-generation synthetic peptide agent]

The paper reviews the development, mode of action and field of application of synthetic regulatory peptides in the pathogenetic and immunocorrective therapy of infectious and noninfectious diseases. Great progress has been made in designing new-generation small regulatory peptides by modifying the sequence of amino acid residues in the active fragments of natural hormones to change their biological activity and therapeutic properties. The original hexapeptide Arg-alpha-Asp-Lys-Val-Tyr-Arg has been designed by chemically modifying the thymic hormone Thymopoietin in positions 32-37. The agent has been called Immunofan. It is manufactured in ampoules containing 1 ml of 0.005% sterile solution for subcutaneous and intramuscular injections. The trials of Immunofan have demonstrated that it is able to restore cell immunity, the oxygen-dependent neutrophilic bactericidal system and antiviral antibody production. It decreases the levels of inflammatory mediators, such as TNF and IL-6, and activates the redox system. Included into the complex therapy of patients with cancer diseases, Immunofan enhances the body's reserve capacity to inactivate free radicals and oxidants, substantially shortens radiation and toxic reactions. Its use ensures the continuum of chemoradiotherapy. Used in the complex therapy for chronic infections (brucellosis, hepatitis B and C, opportunistic infections), Immunofan enhances antiviral and antibacterial immunity, shortens the manifestation of clinical symptoms and major syndromes of diseases.     

血清蛋白质组学技术及研究进展

随着人类基因组计划(human genomic project,HGP)的完成,生命科学研究向前迈进了一大步.然而,光知晓基因组的序列仍然未能完全揭开生命的秘密,因为基因结构是相对稳定的,但生命现象却是十分复杂和变化不定.这使人们意识到,要彻底获知生命活动的规律,仅仅破译基因组的结构远远不够,必须要揭开生命活动的执行者一蛋白质的作用.     

Hepatitis B and C: natural course of disease

Significant progress in the understanding of the natural history of hepatitis B and C has been made in recent years due to molecular diagnosis techniques. The most important biologic feature of hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV, HCV) is their ability to cause chronic hepatitis. The natural course of HBV infection is variable, ranging from inactive HBsAg carrier state to progressive chronic hepatitis that can evolve into liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis is due to a naturally occurring HBV variant with mutations in the precore or basic core promoter regions. It accounts for the majority of cases in many European countries and is generally associated with a more severe liver disease. The morbidity and mortality in chronic hepatitis B are linked to the evolution to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The progression of fibrosis is strongly associated with persistent active viral replication When the diagnosis is made, the 5-year cumulative incidence of developing cirrhosis ranges from 8% to 20%. The 5-year cumulative incidence of hepatic decompensation is 20%. Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common cancers worldwide, 75% of which are related to chronic HBV infection. Coinfection with hepatitis D virus can lead to a more progressive liver disease in a shorter period of time. Hepatitis C virus infection becomes chronic in 80% of infected persons resulting in different stages of chronic hepatitis, with 20%-30% progressing to cirrhosis within 20 years period. The progression of fibrosis determines the ultimate prognosis. The major factors known to be associated with fibrosis progression are older age, male gender and alcohol consumption. Viral load and genotype do not play a role in the disease progression. Progression to fibrosis is more rapid in immunocompromised patients.     

Pathologic features and differential diagnosis of chronic hepatitis

Persistent or relapsing hepatitic liver injury for more than 6 months results in chronic hepatitis, a broad category that includes the most common liver diseases: viral hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, drug-induced liver injury, and fatty liver disease, as well as less common inherited metabolic disorders such as Wilson disease and alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. Chronic cholestatic liver disease may also progress to advanced fibrosis and can be mistaken for a chronic hepatitis. Histologic features may overlap, especially at an advanced stage, and thus morphologic findings together with the overall clinical context play a critical role in establishing an accurate diagnosis. This review describes pathologic and clinical features of a spectrum of hepatitic liver disease that can cause chronic hepatitis, as well as diagnostic testing used to establish a diagnosis or distinguish among these entities.     

Antiviral treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infections: the past, the present and the future

A decade ago, standard therapy against chronic hepatitis B virus infections only consisted of lamivudine or IFN-alpha. Treatment with lamivudine and IFN has been compounded by, respectively, the emergence of drug-resistant virus strains and the appearance of serious side effects. In the last 10 years, hepatitis B treatment has made much progress. Several treatments are now licensed for the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B and others are under development. Here, we provide an overview of the potential and mode of action of anti-HBV agents that are currently available, and/or may become available in the near future. Foremost among these newer compounds are adefovir dipivoxil, entecavir and telbivudine.     

Hepatitic inherited metabolic disorders

Primary metabolic disorders are a disparate group of diseases that may or may not be accompanied by hepatic manifestations. Those with liver involvement may show a range of histopathologic changes. Proper histologic diagnosis requires correlation with clinical and laboratory data, including evaluation for mutations either via serum protein electrophoresis or through formal genetic analysis. This article is a review of the three most common inherited metabolic disorders which may present with a hepatitic pattern. In alpha1-antitrypsin disorder, there is a broad range of clinical presentations, age at presentation, and histological features ranging from "neonatal hepatitis" to a chronic progressive hepatitis in later childhood and adulthood. Hence, this disorder must be in the differential diagnosis of liver disease of the very young, and in older children and adults, with or without coexistent overt pulmonary symptoms. In Wilson disease, presentation tends to be in older childhood or the adult, with a progressive chronic hepatitis. Cystic fibrosis may feature a characteristic obstructive biliary syndrome, coexisting with the many extrahepatic manifestations of this debilitating disease. Lastly, the progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) syndromes are given as examples of inherited metabolic conditions in which relentlessly progressive cholestatic liver disease eventuates over years in end-stage cholestatic liver disease with cirrhosis. Distinguishing features include absence of elevated serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) in PFIC-1 and PFIC-2, and elevated GGT in PFIC-3. However, molecular studies are required for a confident diagnosis of the rare PFIC syndromes.