无高尿酸血症的急性痛风性关节炎的诊断方法的对比研究

目的 探讨双源CT和普通X线影像技术在急性痛风性关节炎的诊断准确性的对比研究.方法 用双源CT和X线对224例血尿酸在正常范围内的急性关节炎患者进行双源CT和X线等影像学检查,同时,对38例临床排除痛风的急性关节炎患者也进行双源CT和X线检查,评估痛风石的检出率.结果 224例血尿酸不高的患者,通过双源CT发现32例病人的肿痛关节周围有痛风石沉积,检出率为12.4％,而X线仅发现1例有痛风性骨侵蚀,检出率为1.8％,经卡方检验两种检查方法所得结果有统计学差异(x 2 =23.861,P＜0.001);而无痛风的对照患者,都未查出痛风石.结论 在血尿酸正常的急性关节炎患者,双源CT比X线更特异敏感地检测出痛风石.因此,对于血尿酸正常的急性痛风性关节炎患者需要进行双源CT检查,有重要的从而与其他急性关节炎鉴别.     

急性痛风患者受累关节的超声图像表现

目的研究急性痛风患者受累关节的超声图像表现的特点。方法选取34例痛风性关节炎急性发作患者为观察组, 34例无症状高尿酸血症患者为对照组。比较两组患者的受累关节的超声图像差异。结果受累关节影像显示,两组膝关节和跖趾关节具有显著差异(P0.05);观察组累及关节出现双边征、痛风石以及侵蚀现象的几率均大于对照组(P0.05);而两组患者出现滑膜增厚以及关节腔积液现象无明显差异(P0.05)。结论急性痛风患者关节的超声图像表现具有一定的特异性,可用于鉴别急性痛风性关节炎和无症状高尿酸症,值得临床借鉴。     

高频超声对痛风性关节炎关节损害患者的诊断作用

目的探讨高频超声在痛风性关节炎关节损害中的诊断价值。方法 60例痛风性关节炎患者作为观察组, 58例非痛风性关节炎患者作为对照组,比较与分析两组患者的高频超声特点。结果观察组患者的双轨征、暴风雪样征、痛风石等指标发生率均明显高于对照组,各项数据组间统计学差异显著(P0.05);两组患者的滑膜增生、软组织水肿、关节腔积液、血流等指标比较统计学差异不显著(P0.05)。观察组患者中,急性期痛风性关节炎患者的痛风石、肌腱内点及团状强回声指标阳性率小于慢性期患者,而血流发生率则高于慢性期患者,各数据组间统计学差异显著(P0.05)。结论高频超声在痛风性关节炎的诊断中具有显著的临床应用价值。     

双能量CT痛风识别技术评估痛风性关节炎的临床应用研究

目的 探讨双能量CT对痛风性关节炎的诊断及评估价值。方法 收集2015年12月~2018年3月我院因外周关节疼痛就诊的患者166例,将符合2015年ACR/EULAR痛风分类标准的133例设为实验组,余33例非痛风患者设为对照组,比较两组患者临床资料。所有患者发病关节均行DECT扫描,薄层重组后将图像数据传至西门子Syngo.Via工作站选择GOUT程序进行图像后处理。分析DECT诊断痛风整体、不同时期以及不同部位的敏感性与特异性。分析DECT检测尿酸盐沉积的存在与患者临床资料的相关性,DECT检测尿酸盐体积与慢性痛风患者临床资料的相关性。结果 DECT诊断痛风性关节炎整体灵敏度90.98%,特异度为84.85%。DECT诊断不同病程的痛风:首发、病程≤2年以及病程＞2年,敏感度分别为89.47%、91.49%及91.04%,特异度分别为100.00%、94.12%及69.23%。DECT诊断不同部位的痛风:手/腕部、膝部以及足/踝部,敏感度分别为57.14%、91.18%及89.00%,特异度分别为100.00%、85.71%及80.00%。痛风患者的血尿酸浓度对DECT检测MSU结晶沉积的存在有影响。慢性痛风患者MSU结晶体积与血尿酸浓度呈正相关。结论 DECT诊断痛风性关节炎具有较高的灵敏度及特异度,对于不同病程及部位的痛风性关节炎的诊断有一定优势,可作为评估痛风疗效的辅助工具。     

痛风合并类风湿关节炎5例临床观察

痛风是尿酸排泄减少或者嘌呤代谢紊乱引起的一类晶体性关节疾病，患者主要临床表现为急性复发性痛风性关节炎、慢性痛风性关节炎、痛风石、尿酸盐性肾病以及肾结石，严重的患者会导致关节活动障碍以及尿毒症。类风湿关节炎(RA)属于一种对称性、多发性的小关节病变，属于全身性的免疫系统疾病，主要累及双手、腕关节以及足关节等部位，少部分患者会累及到膝关节、髋关节等大关节，血清中能够发现类风湿因子(RF)、抗环瓜氨酸多肽(CCP)等自身抗体。痛风和类风湿关节炎的患者在临床上多常见，但是两者同时发病的相关报道有限。本文主要对5例痛风合并类风湿关节炎的患者进行分析，观察其临床特征以及漏诊原因，以此提高临床对这类患者的认知度。     

膝关节痛风性关节炎的超声诊断价值

目的 探讨超声在痛风性关节炎诊断中的价值。方法 选取2015年3月~2018年12月我院确诊为痛风性关节炎且膝关节受累患者20例,均进行超声检查及关节镜检查,观察患者超声及关节镜下表现。结果 超声检查:声像图异常表现有滑膜增生、积液、尿酸结晶沉积、痛风石形成、“双轨征”、骨侵蚀,其中可见滑膜增生19例、积液15例、尿酸结晶沉积13例、痛风石形成5例、“双轨征”3例、骨侵蚀1例。关节镜检查:镜下可见大量白色尿酸盐结晶,沉积于关节腔内。结论 超声检查能有效、全面的评估痛风性关节炎患者受累关节情况,能够实时动态对不同病程阶段的关节情况进行监测,其可作为痛风性关节诊断的重要影像学手段。     

质子泵抑制剂治疗上消化道出血对痛风复发的影响

目的 通过观察上消化道出血的痛风患者使用质子泵抑制剂（PPI）治疗前后临床症状及尿酸的变化,以探讨PPI治疗上消化道出血对痛风复发的影响。方法 选择我院上消化道出血合并原发性痛风患者37例为痛风组,同期37例上消化道出血且无痛风患者为对照组。两组患者在使用PPI前后分别监测尿酸、体温、关节肿痛等指标,并对相关指标进行统计学分析。结果 痛风组使用PPI后血尿酸较用药前升高（49.24±111.49）μmol/L,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;对照组PPI使用后血尿酸较用药前升高（2.89±47.87）μmol/L,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。痛风组用药前后尿酸变化差值大于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。使用PPI治疗后,痛风组64.86%出现非感染性发热,75.68%出现新发关节疼痛,患者疼痛评分较用药前增加（P＜0.001）,而对照组患者未出现关节痛及发热病例。结论 上消化道出血的痛风患者使用PPI可能诱发或加重痛风疾病的活动。     

彩色多普勒超声对痛风性关节炎和骨性关节炎的鉴别价值

目的:探讨彩色多普勒超声对痛风性关节炎（GA）和骨性关节炎（OA）的鉴别价值。 方法:选取2014年12月~2017年12月收治的GA患者50例作为GA组,同期选取OA患者50例作为OA组,两组均给予彩色多普勒超声检查双侧第一跖趾关节,分析两组超声表现。 结果:GA组和OA组关节积液、滑膜增厚、滑膜血流分级比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;GA组和OA组多点状高回声、双轨征、痛风石比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;GA组急性期患者滑膜血流分级明显高于慢性期,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论:彩色多普勒超声检查第一跖趾关节可对GA和OA作出有效的鉴别,其中GA滑膜血流分级可为GA病情评估提供重要的参考依据,值得临床进一步推广。     

北京协和医院痛风门诊患者数据库的资料分析

  目的 对痛风门诊的痛风患者进行临床资料总结和临床特点分析。方法 对2008年1月到2012年3月间就诊于北京协和医院痛风门诊的358名痛风患者进行问卷调查和临床资料收集,检测血生化指标,将以上资料录入数据库系统并进行数据导出和分析,以了解该人群的临床特点。结果 患者中男性350例（97.8%）,女性8例（2.2%）,平均病程（99.5±76.9）月,血清尿酸平均值（586±123）μmol/L,多关节受累79%;77例（21.5%）合并痛风石,痛风石常见部位依次为双手关节、跖趾关节和耳廓,基础疾病合并率71.5%。结论 中青年痛风患者为多,多关节受累,基础疾病合并率高,临床特征多样化、复杂化。     

MMP 3在评估痛风性关节炎骨侵蚀中的临床应用

目的 探讨血清基质金属蛋白酶-3(MMP-3)在痛风性关节炎合并有痛风石患者中发生骨侵蚀的临床应用研究。方法 采用回顾性研究方法,依据2015年美国风湿病学会/欧洲抗风湿联盟痛风分类标准以及痛风发作关节的X线、肌骨超声或双源CT检查结果,收集2022年6月至2023年3月于南京市第一医院风湿免疫科就诊的159例痛风性关节炎患者,分为无骨侵蚀组85例及有骨侵蚀组74例。采用乳胶增强免疫比浊法检测两组血清MMP 3水平,比较两组血清MMP 3水平的差异,综合影像学结果,评估血清MMP 3水平对痛风性关节炎患者骨侵蚀的评价及预测效能,分析痛风性关节炎患者骨侵蚀发生的影响因素。结果 有骨侵蚀组血清MMP 3水平显著高于无骨侵蚀组150.31(74.99,216.55)ng/mL vs 60.15(43.58,75.34)ng/mL,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。血清MMP 3水平预测痛风性关节炎患者骨侵蚀的最佳截断值为118.19ng/mL,曲线下面积(AUC)为0.811。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示血清MMP 3水平是痛风性关节炎患者发生骨侵蚀的独立危险因素(OR=...     

Practical Steps in the Diagnosis and Management of Gout

One of the earliest described conditions, gout continues to plague humanity. It is characterised by the deposition of monosodium urate crystals in the joints and soft tissue. The main clinical features of gout are hyperuricaemia, acute monoarticular arthritis, tophi and chronic arthritis, along with nephrolithiasis. Gout typically occurs in middle age and more commonly in men. Asymptomatic hyperuricaemia does not require treatment. The initial attack of acute gout usually affects a single joint, often the first metatarsal phalangeal joint. Definitive diagnosis requires demonstration of urate crystals in the joint fluid. Treatment of acute gout includes nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), colchicine and corticosteroids. The most important factor in success of treatment is how quickly therapy is begun after onset of symptoms. Drug treatment of hyperuricaemia includes allopurinol, sulfinpyrazone, probenecid and benzbromarone and should be used in patients with frequent gout attacks, tophi or urate nephropathy.     

Chuanhu Anti-Gout Mixture versus Colchicine for Acute Gouty Arthritis: A Randomized,Double-Blind,Double-Dummy,Non-Inferiority Trial

Background The Chuanhu anti-gout mixture has been used for many years in the treatment of gout in Chinese Traditional Medicine, and current methods for treatments for acute gouty arthritis have been either less effective or have had serious side effects.Methods In this 12-week, double-blind, double-dummy, non-inferiority study, outpatient individuals with newly diagnosed acute gouty arthritis were randomly assigned to receive Chuanhu anti-gout mixture or colchicine. Both the study investigators and the participants were masked to the treatment assignments. The primary outcome was the recurrence rate of acute gouty arthritis, and the secondary outcomes were changes in white blood cells (WHC) and C-reactive protein (CRP). This trial is registered at ISRCTN.org as trial ISRCTN65219941.Results A total of 176 patients were randomly assigned to receive either the Chuanhu anti-gout mixture or Colchicine. The overall recurrence rates in the Chuanhu anti-gout mixture group (CH group) and the Colchicine group (Col group) were 12.50% vs 14.77% (difference -2.22%, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): -10.78%~6.23%), meeting the predefined non-inferiority criterion of 15%, as did the data for WHC and CRP. The incidence of adverse events (mainly diarrhea) was less in the Col group than in the CH group (2.27% vs 28.41%, 95% CI 0.01~0.26). In addition, changes in blood uric acid, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and creatinine in the CH group were significantly larger compared to those in the Col group (P<0.05).Conclusions The Chuanhu anti-gout mixture was non-inferior to colchicine for the treatment of acute gouty arthritis. The study suggested that the Chuanhu anti-gout mixture can be considered an alternative choice for the treatment of acute gouty arthritis because of its lower incidence of adverse events and its protection of kidney and renal function.     

The synovitis of acute gouty arthritis. A light and electron microscopic study

The synovium participates in the inflammatory process of acute gouty arthritis with intense polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration, but many chronic inflammatory cells are also seen even during the acute attack. Crystals in the synovial membrane were found in three patients and then only in well defined tophi. Tophus structure was consistent with crystal deposition in a collagen and amorphous matrix with little adjacent inflammatory reaction. Microtophi were superficial and thinly encapsulated, suggesting that crystals from these tophi might easily rupture into the joint space to initiate the inflammatory reaction. Crystals were seen in detached lining cells and other macrophages as well as in polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the synovial fluid. Clinically satisfactory doses of colchicine produced no detectable morphologic changes in microtubules or other structures.     

黑骨藤抗急性痛风性关节炎的实验研究

目的:探讨黑骨藤在急性痛风性关节炎中的治疗效果。方法:健康雄性SD 大鼠60 只,随机等分为空白对照组(NC 组)、模型组(M 组)、秋水仙碱组(C 组)、黑骨藤高剂量组(HD 组)、黑骨藤中剂量组(MD 组)和黑骨藤低剂量组(LD组)。除空白对照组外,其余大鼠均采用尿酸钠制备大鼠痛风性关节炎模型,用秋水仙碱(阳性对照)和不同剂量的黑骨藤灌胃给药治疗。治疗3、5、7 d 后观察各组大鼠关节肿胀情况。治疗7 d 后处死大鼠,取踝关节组织进行病理学检查,应用ELISA检测各组大鼠外周血中IL-1、IL-6、IL-8 及TNF-α的表达。结果:黑骨藤干预组大鼠踝关节肿胀程度明显低于模型组,且治疗7 d 后黑骨藤高剂量组疗效显著高于低剂量组(P<0.05);与模型组相比,黑骨藤治疗组均有较少的炎细胞浸润,且黑骨藤高剂量组趋于正常对照组;黑骨藤干预组炎症因子IL-1、IL-6、IL-8 及TNF-α水平显著低于模型组,呈剂量依赖性。结论:黑骨藤在大鼠急性痛风性关节炎中具有很好的治疗效果,且呈剂量依赖性,其机制可能与黑骨藤降低急性痛风性关节炎大鼠血清炎症因子表达有关。     

Caspase-1 Level in Synovial Fluid Is High in Patients with Spondyloarthropathy but Not in Patients with Gout

Activation of caspase-1 by NALP3 inflammasomes has been shown to be important in initiating acute gouty arthritis. The objectives of this study were to measure the levels of caspase-1 in synovial fluid in gout and various arthritides, and to elucidate the clinical significance of caspase-1 levels in synovial fluid. Caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18, and uric acid were measured in synovial fluid from 112 patients with gout and other arthritides, such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and spondyloarthropathy. Caspase-1 in synovial fluid from patients with crystal-induced arthritis, inflammatory arthritis, osteoarthritis, and spondyloarthropathy was 35.9 ± 86.7, 49.7 ± 107.7, 2.1 ± 7.0, and 152.6 ± 155.7 pg/mL, respectively. The mean level and the frequency of high levels (≥125 pg/mL) of caspase-1 in spondyloarthropathy were significantly higher than those in the other arthritides including gout. Caspase-1 was detectible in the synovial fluid of patients with the various arthritides. Contrary to our hypothesis, the caspase-1 level in the synovial fluid of patients with gout was not higher than in that of other arthritides. High levels of caspase-1 may be helpful in differentiating spondyloarthropathy from other arthritides.     

Application of a Novel Diagnostic Rule in the Differential Diagnosis between Acute Gouty Arthritis and Septic Arthritis

Septic arthritis and gout are major diseases that should be suspected in patients with acute monoarthritis. These two diseases are clinically similar and often indistinguishable without the help of synovial fluid analysis. Recently, a novel diagnostic rule for gout without synovial fluid analysis was developed and showed relevant performances. This study aimed to determine whether this diagnostic rule could perform well in distinguishing gout from septic arthritis. The diagnostic rule comprises 7 clinical and laboratory variables, each of which is given a specified score. The probability of gout is classified into 3 groups according to the sum of the scores: high (≥ 8), intermediate (> 4 to < 8) and low probability (≤ 4). In this retrospective study, we applied this diagnostic rule to 136 patients who presented as acute monoarthritis and were subsequently diagnosed as acute gout (n = 82) and septic arthritis (n = 54) based on synovial fluid analysis. The mean sum of scores of acute gout patients was significantly higher than that of those with septic arthritis (8.6 ± 0.2 vs. 3.6 ± 0.32, P < 0.001). Patients with acute gout had significantly more ''high'', and less ''low'' probabilities compared to those with septic arthritis (Eta[η]: 0.776). The prevalence of acute gouty arthritis, as confirmed by the presence of monosodium crystal, was 95.5% (61/64), 57.5% (19/33), and 5.1% (2/39) in high, intermediate and low probability group, respectively. The recently introduced diagnostic rule properly discriminates acute gout from septic arthritis. It may help physicians diagnose gout in cases difficult to be differentiated from septic arthritis.

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