Photobiomodulation therapy for male infertility

Lasers in Medical Science - Male infertility is a worldwide critical condition that affects about the 7.5% of males in Europe leading to an increment of the couples referring to reproductive...     

Photobiomodulation and salivary glands: a systematic review

Lasers in Medical Science - To date, there is no compilation of evidence-based information associating photobiomodulation effect and salivary glands. This systematic review aims to assess...     

Photobiomodulation of avian embryos by red laser

Lasers in Medical Science - The current research focuses on the effect of variable doses of red laser on the chick embryonic development. He-Ne laser of 632-nm wavelength was used as an irradiation...     

Photobiomodulation alters the viability of HUVECs cells

Lasers in Medical Science - The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of low-level red (660 nm) and infrared (780 nm) laser with four different radiance...     

Photobiomodulation on trigeminal neuralgia: systematic review

Trigeminal neuralgia is a recurrent episode of facial pain, that may be associated with other conditions such as multiple sclerosis, neoplasms, and nerve compromises or may occur due to an unknown cause. The available treatments are pharmacotherapy or surgery; however, both are susceptible to develop side effects. Photobiomodulation could be a promising alternative therapy for trigeminal neuralgia. A systematic review of literature was carried out using the PRISMA protocol, in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science databases. Risk of bias by ROB 2.0 protocol was performed in included studies. Initially, 20 identified articles were collected varying between the years of 1983–2018, from which 6 were included. A total of 193 patients were evaluated; photobiomodulation was compared to conventional therapies, TENS, and therapy combinations with pharmacotherapy. The overall risk of bias was low, with some concerns in the randomization and double-blinding process; moreover, there are few reports in the literature. Photobiomodulation appears to be as effective as conventional therapies, being a coadjutant therapeutic opportunity for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia.

     

Photobiomodulation of oral fibroblasts stimulated with periodontal pathogens

Lasers in Medical Science - Photobiomodulation (PBM) utilises light energy to treat oral disease, periodontitis. However, there remains inconsistency in the reporting of treatment parameters and a...     

Photobiomodulation of wound healing via visible and infrared laser irradiation

Fibroblast cells are known to be one of the key elements in wound healing process, which has been under the scope of research for decades. However, the exact mechanism of photobiomodulation on wound healing is not fully understood yet. Photobiomodulation of 635 and 809 nm laser irradiation at two different energy densities were investigated with two independent experiments; first, in vitro cell proliferation and then in vivo wound healing. L929 mouse fibroblast cell suspensions were exposed with 635 and 809 nm laser irradiations of 1 and 3 J/cm² energy densities at 50 mW output power separately for the investigation of photobiomodulation in vitro. Viabilities of cells were examined by means of MTT assays performed at the 24th, 48th, and 72nd hours following the laser irradiations. Following the in vitro experiments, 1 cm long cutaneous incisional skin wounds on Wistar albino rats (n = 24) were exposed with the same laser sources and doses in vivo. Wound samples were examined on 3rd, 5th, and 7th days of healing by means of mechanical tensile strength tests and histological examinations. MTT assay results showed that 635 nm laser irradiation of both energy densities after 24 h were found to be proliferative. One joule per square centimeter laser irradiation results also had positive effect on cell proliferation after 72 h. However, 809 nm laser irradiation at both energy densities had neither positive nor negative affects on cell viability. In vivo experiment results showed that, 635 nm laser irradiation of both energy densities stimulated wound healing in terms of tensile strength, whereas 809 nm laser stimulation did not cause any stimulative effect. The results of mechanical tests were compatible with the histological evaluations. In this study, it is observed that 635 nm laser irradiations of low energy densities had stimulative effects in terms of cell proliferation in vitro and mechanical strength of incisions in vivo. However, 809 nm laser irradiations at the same doses did not have any positive effect.     

Photobiomodulation induces in vitro re-epithelialization via nitric oxide production

Photobiomodulation is a widely used tool in regenerative medicine thanks to its ability to modulate a plethora of physiological responses. Wound re-epithelialization is strictly regulated by locally produced chemical mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO), a highly reactive free radical generated by the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymatic family. In this study, it has been hypothesized that a 980-nm low-level laser stimulation could increase NO production in human keratinocytes and that such event might be directly related to the re-epithelialization process. Human keratinocytes were irradiated with increasing energy outputs (10–75 J) in the absence or presence of L-NAME, a NOS inhibitor. Laser stimulation induced an increase in NO production, resulting in an energy-dependent increase in both keratinocytes proliferation and re-epithelialization ability. The direct link between increased NO production and the observed physiological responses was confirmed by their inhibition in L-NAME pre-treated samples. Since NO production increase is a quick event, it is conceivable that it is due to an increase in existing NOS activity rather than to a de novo protein synthesis. For this reason, it could be hypothesized that photobiomodulation-derived NO positive effects on keratinocytes behavior might rely on a near infrared mediated increase in NOS conformational stability and cofactors as well as substrate binding ability, finally resulting in an increased enzymatic activity.     

Photobiomodulation reduces neutrophil migration and oxidative stress in mice with carrageenan-induced peritonitis

The purpose of the study is to investigate the effects of two doses of photobiomodulation (PBM) on inflammatory parameters including cell migration and oxidative stress in carrageenan-induced peritonitis models. Twenty-eight mice were divided into four groups: saline; untreated carrageenan (Cg; inflammation induced); and PMB treatment groups L1 and L5 (inflammation induced with carrageenan followed by laser irradiation at 1 and 5 J/cm², respectively). After 30 min of inducing inflammation, laser irradiation was administered every hour, for 4 h. Peritoneal fluid was collected for analyses. The total leukocyte number in the peritoneal fluid in L1 (4.33?±?2.34) and L5 (4.95?±?2.86) after PBM was lower than that in Cg (10.93?±?5.15 cells/ml). The average differential count of neutrophils in the Cg was 9.46?±?4.31 cells/ml, which was higher than that in L1 (3.7?±?2.08) and L5 (4.94?±?2.57). Myeloperoxidase activity was also lower in L1 (1.89?±?0.43) and L5 (4.84?±?2.62) than in Cg (22.92?±?4.52 UMPO/ml). Malondialdehyde content was lower in L1 (137.5?±?12.33) and L5 (169.6?±?22.77) than in Cg (345.7?±?65.67 nmol/ml). Glutathione peroxidase concentration was significantly higher in L1 (155.2?±?12.43) and L5 (145.9?±?9.585) than in Cg (79.75?±?9.567 μ/ml). Nitrite concentration was lower in L1 (0.3317 μM?±?0.0669) and L5 (0.2429 μM?±?0.0232) than in Cg (0.8380 μM?±?0.01615). Laser irradiation at 1 and 5 J/cm² reversed the inflammation (as indicated by neutrophil infiltration and oxidative stress).     

Photobiomodulation reduces the impact of radiotherapy on oral health-related quality of life due to mucositis-related symptoms in head and neck cancer patients

Lasers in Medical Science - To assess the effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of patients with head and neck cancer undergoing...     

Photobiomodulation can prevent apoptosis in cells from mouse periodontal ligament

Lasers in Medical Science - Photobiomodulation (PBM) has been used to modulate the inflammatory and immune responses, pain relief, and to promote wound healing. PBM is widely used in dental...