黄芩茎叶总黄酮的抗炎作用机制的研究

中药黄芩传统以其地下部分入药 ,而产量是其 2倍的黄芩茎叶长期废弃不用 ,造成了极大的资源浪费。近几年 ,承德医学院中药研究所对黄芩茎叶有效成分进行了系统研究。本文为研究黄芩茎叶总黄酮的抗炎作用及其机制 ,采用了大鼠足趾肿模型和小鼠腹膜炎模型两种模型检测治疗组、对照组之间前列腺素Ｅ2 、一氧化氮等物质的含量 ,旨在为黄芩地上部分合理利用提供一些实验依据。1　材料黄芩茎叶总黄酮室温干燥保存 ,纯度为 60 .2 8% ,由承德医学院中药所提供 ,实验时用生理盐水溶液溶解成适当浓度的药液供用。ＳＸ72 1分光光度计 (山东高密仪器厂 )…     

壳聚糖对三七茎叶水煮液的絮凝效果考察

应用新型澄清剂——壳聚糖,对中药三七茎叶粗粉的煎煮液进行澄清条件试验,结果表明澄清效果好,能降低成本(壳聚糖用量为0.075g/100ml),使操作更为简便,缩短生产周期,并能有效地保留水提取液中的有效成分.     

Effective removal of basic dye onto sustainable chitosan beads: Batch and fixed-bed column adsorption,beads stability and mechanism

This study aims to develop sustainable low-cost chitosan-based beads by a simple dropping method, with instantaneous formation by reticulation with tripolyphosphate anion. The beads were characterized and applied to basic blue 7 (BB7) uptake. The adsorption process was optimized through variation of several parameters in batch experiments such as bead loading, pH, dye concentration and temperature. At a BB7 concentration of 400 mg/L and 60 min, the best BB7 adsorption capacity (1410 mg/g) and partition coefficient (8.22 mg/g/μM) were achieved by chitosan beads, which were quite superior to others described in the literature. The obtained data best fitted to mixed- and pseudo-first order kinetic models and to Redlich-Peterson isothermal model. A fixed-bed column experiment was conducted and the adsorption capacity and partition coefficient at 100% breakthrough were 12.06 mg/g and 0.06 mg/g/μM. The bead storage study indicated that its adsorption capacity was not affected for a two-week period and reached 325 mg/g. Also, the presence of basic brown 4 (BB4) dye did not harm basic blue 7 in the simultaneous adsorption process and a removal capacity of 232 and 259 mg/g was reached for BB4 and BB7 dye, respectively. The presence of NaCl reduced the percentage of BB7 removal from 91% to 73%. The removal mechanism based on XPS, FTIR and BET analyses suggests that hydrogen bonds are the main adsorption mechanism followed by cation-exchange. This study gave rise to encouraging results and chitosan/tripolyphosphate beads proved to be potential adsorbents for industrial effluent treatments.     

1,25(OH)2D3在牙乳头干细胞成骨分化期的作用研究

摘要 目的：研究1,25(OH)2D3在牙乳头干细胞向成骨细胞分化过程中的作用角色。方法：分离培养牙乳头干细胞,培养基中添加不同浓度1,25(OH)2D3,MTT法检测细胞生长速度,流式细胞术检测细胞增殖周期变化,western blot方法检测核因子-k B受体活化剂配体（RANKL）、骨保护素（OPG）和维生素D受体（VDR）的蛋白质表达水平;siRNA技术沉默VDR表达后,检测其对RANKL和OPG蛋白质表达的影响。结果：MTT和流式细胞术检测结果显示1,25(OH)2D3对牙乳头干细胞的增殖没有明显作用;western blot结果显示RANKL、OPG和VDR的蛋白质表达与1,25(OH)2D3浓度具有剂量相关性;siRNA沉默VDR表达后,RANKL和OPG的蛋白质表达水平均有不同程度下降。结论：1,25(OH)2D3通过调节VDR水平影响牙乳头干细胞向成骨细胞方向的分化过程。     

盐酸氨溴索和654-2联合应用治疗毛细支气管炎的临床研究

目的研究盐酸氨溴索和654-2联合应用治疗毛细支气管炎的临床疗效。方法将63例毛细支气管炎患儿随机分成两组，两组病例采用相同的综合治疗，治疗组（n=31）在综合治疗基础上加用盐酸氨溴索和654-2。结果治疗组与对照组治疗24h后比较，Pa02明显上升（P〈0．01），呼吸改善（P〈0．01），心率及PaCO2明显降低（P〈0．01）；病程中观察比较，治疗组咳嗽、喘息症状消失，肺部体征消失及总住院时间均明显短于对照组（P〈0．01）；转归中比较，治疗组中7h内治愈率显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）；结论盐酸氨溴索和654-2联合应用对毛细支气管炎有协同辅助治疗作用，可以加速病情恢复。     

瑞格列奈与阿卡波糖治疗老年2型糖尿病疗效的对比观察

目的通过动态血糖检测（CGMS）比较瑞格列奈和阿卡波糖治疗老年2型糖尿病的疗效。方法选择2012年1月—2014年3月本院收治的80例老年2型糖尿病患者（年龄在60岁以上）为研究对象,随机分为观察1组和观察2组,各40例,两组患者均给予饮食和运动疗法,观察1组患者给予瑞格列奈治疗,观察2组患者给予阿卡波糖治疗,持续治疗4周,比较两组患者治疗前后CGMS检测数据,包括空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖、肝功能指标等。结果观察1组治疗后空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖以及肝功能指标低于观察2组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;观察1组不良反应发生率低于观察2组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论瑞格列奈对老年2型糖尿病患者的降糖作用明显优于阿卡波糖,且24h血糖波动幅度较小。     

A comprehensive study of anthocyanin-containing extracts from selected blackberry cultivars: Extraction methods,stability, anticancer properties and mechanisms

The purpose of these studies was to investigate and compare the composition, stability, antioxidant and anticancer properties and mechanisms of anthocyanin-containing blackberry extracts (ACEs) from selected cultivars and using different extraction methods. ACEs were analyzed for total anthocyanin and phenolics content, polymeric color, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). The influence of water content in the extraction system was evaluated. A 90-day stability study of the extract and a 48-h stability study of the extract in biologically relevant buffers were completed. The cytotoxic effects of ACEs on HT-29, MCF-7, and HL-60 cells were determined. H₂O₂ production in culture medium was measured and intracellular ROS levels were quantified. As compared to powder-derived ACEs, puree-derived ACEs contained similar amounts of anthocyanins, but greater levels of phenolics, increased TAC, significantly enhanced production of H₂O₂, and significantly enhanced cytotoxicity in all cell lines. Catalase could not protect cells from ACE-induced cell death. Cyanidin 3-glucoside exerted anticancer effect by acting synergistically or additively with other active components in the extracts. These data suggest that anthocyanins and non-anthocyanin phenolics in ACEs act synergistically or additively in producing anticancer effects. These studies also provide essential information for the development of fruit-derived ACEs as potential Botanical Drug Products.     

测定血中PGE_2、IgG对癌症患者的免疫功能研究

为了研究癌症患者的免疫功能状况,我们对癌症(胃癌、肺癌、肝癌、结肠、直肠癌)患者作了血中 PGE_2、IgG 含量的测定,结果是 PGE_2与正常人比增高,IgG 降低,其免疫功能显著低于正常人。1 对象和方法;①对象:胃癌组:51例(男37例,女14例),年龄38—60岁,经病理学证实为早期者2例,中晚期者49例。其中手术切除治疗者43例,抗癌药物化疗者8例。肺癌组:     

自体造血干细胞回输治疗Ⅰ型糖尿病2例

目的观察采用自体造血干细胞回输治疗Ⅰ型糖尿病的临床疗效。方法提取自体造血干细胞后,行T淋巴系统清除,再行干细胞回输,重建T淋巴系统,以清除原免疫系统对胰岛细胞的自身免疫反应,恢复胰岛细胞功能。结果2例患儿分别于干细胞回输后第14天、第20天停用胰岛素,安全出院。随访7个月,各项检查指标均正常。结论T淋巴系统清除和自体造血干细胞重建治疗为临床治疗Ⅰ型糖尿病提供了一种新方法,近期疗效好。     

Distribution of CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 amino acid substitution alleles in South Indian diabetes patients: A genotypic and computational protein phenotype study

The CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 are two major isoforms of the cytochrome P450 enzyme family, which is involved in drug response, detoxification, and disease development. This study describes the differential distribution of amino acid substitution variants of CYP2C8 (*2‐I269F & *3‐R139K) and CYP2C9 (*2‐C144R & *3‐L359A) genes in 234 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and 218 healthy controls from Andhra Pradesh, South India. Single locus genotype analysis has revealed that homozygous recessive genotypes of 2C8*2‐TT (P ≤ .03), 2C9*2‐TT (P ≤ .02), and heterozygous 2C9*3‐AC (P ≤ .006) are seen to be increasingly present in the case group, indicating a significant level of their association with diabetes in Andhra population. The statistical significance of these recessive genotypes has persisted even under their corresponding allelic forms (P ≤ .01). Genotype association results were further examined by computational protein structure and stability analysis to assess the deleteriousness of the amino acid changes. The mutant CYP 2C8 and 2C9 (both *2 and *3) proteins showed structural drifts at both amino acid residue (range 0.43Å‐0.77Å), and polypeptide chain levels (range 0.68Å‐1.81Å) compared to their wild‐type counterparts. Furthermore, the free energy value differences (range –0.915 to –1.38 Kcal/mol) between mutant and native protein structures suggests the deleterious and destabilizing potential of amino acid substitution polymorphisms of CYP genes. The present study confirms the variable distribution of CYP2C8 (*2 and *3) and CYP2C9 (*2 and *3) allelic polymorphisms among South Indian diabetic populations and further warrants the serious attention of CYP gene family, as a putative locus for disease risk assessment and therapy.     

Evaluation of free radical-scavenging and antihemolytic activities of quince (Cydonia oblonga) leaf: A comparative study with green tea (Camellia sinensis)

This study aimed to determine the phenolic profile and to investigate the antioxidant potential of quince (Cydonia oblonga) leaf, comparing it with green tea (Camellia sinensis). For these purposes, methanolic extracts were prepared and phenolics content of quince leaf was determined by HPLC/UV. The antioxidant properties were assessed by Folin–Ciocalteu reducing capacity assay and by the ability to quench the stable free radical 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and to inhibit the 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced oxidative hemolysis of human erythrocytes.     

Assessment of quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus before and after starting biphasic insulin aspart 30 (BIAsp 30) therapy: IMPROVE study in Japan

Abstract

Aims:

To evaluate treatment satisfaction before and after starting biphasic insulin aspart 30 (BIAsp 30) therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) in the IMPROVE study Japan using the Diabetes Medication Satisfaction (DiabMedSat) questionnaire.     

Subcutaneously Administered Recombinant Human Interleukin-2 and Interferon Alfa-2a for Advanced Breast Cancer: A Phase II study of the Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB 9041)

New and more effective treatments are needed for metastatic breast cancer. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of a combination of subcutaneously administered recombinant human interleukin-2 (rIL-2), 1.5 MU/m(2) for 5 consecutive days repeated for 3 weeks, and interferon alpha-2a (IFN), 7.5 MU/m(2), administered subcutaneously three times per week. Women who had previously received 1-2 prior chemotherapy regimens for measurable inoperable, recurrent, or metastatic breast cancer were eligible. Of 40 patients accrued to the study, 32 were evaluable for response assessment. Toxicities were frequent but manageable. The most common grade 3 and 4 toxicities were lymphopenia (17%) and malaise/fatigue (24%). There were no complete responses, one partial response (3%), and six patients with stable disease (19%). Of the seven patients with partial response or stable disease, all had tumors that expressed hormone receptors. The median survival was 8.9 months and all patients have died. Good performance status was the most important predictor of survival. In this group of women with metastatic breast cancer, the overall prognosis was poor. This combination of rIL-2 and IFN was ineffective.     

Opposite actions of urotensin II and relaxin‐2 on cellular expression of fibronectin in renal fibrosis: A preliminary experimental study

Our aim was to evaluate the role of urotensin II, urantide (urotensin II receptor antagonist) and relaxin‐2 on the cellular expression of fibronectin as a surrogate marker for renal fibrosis. We employed LLC‐PK1 renal tubular epithelial cells and assessed the influence on the fibrotic process of the above‐mentioned substances by using anti‐fibronectin antibodies in western blot analysis. The addition of urotensin II increased fibronectin expression. Urantide reduced the positivity for fibronectin caused by urotensin II (P<.05). The anti‐fibrotic action was more evident for relaxin‐2 (P<.01). Also in the model of TGF‐β1‐induced fibrosis, urantide and, to a greater extent, relaxin‐2 were able to significantly lessen fibronectin expression (respectively, P<.05 and P<.01). In conclusion, relaxin‐2 may reduce urotensin II‐induced renal fibrosis.     

Effect of diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) and ticlopidine on CYP1A2 activity and caffeine metabolism: an in vitro comparative study with human cDNA-expressed CYP1A2 and liver microsomes

The aim of the present study was to test the effect of diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC), which is regarded as a cytochrome P450 (CYP) CYP2A6 and CYP2E1 inhibitor, and ticlopidine, an efficient CYP2B6, CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 inhibitor, on the activity of human CYP1A2 and the metabolism of caffeine (1-N-, 3-N- and 7-N-demethylation, and C-8-hydroxylation). The experiment was carried out in vitro using human cDNA-expressed CYP1A2 (Supersomes) and human pooled liver microsomes. The effects of DDC and ticlopidine were compared to those of furafylline (a strong CYP1A2 inhibitor). A comparative in vitro study provides clear evidence that ticlopidine and DDC, applied at concentrations that inhibit the above-mentioned CYP isoforms, potently (as compared to furafylline) inhibit human CYP1A2 and caffeine metabolism, in particular 1-N- and 3-N-demethylation.     

Drug resistance and cancer stem cells: the shared but distinct roles of hypoxia‐inducible factors HIF1α and HIF2α

Chemotherapy resistance is a major contributor to poor treatment responses and tumour relapse, the development of which has been strongly linked to the action of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Mounting evidence suggests that CSCs are reliant on low oxygen conditions and hypoxia‐inducible factors 1α and 2α (HIF1α and HIF2α) to maintain their stem cell features. Research in the last decade has begun to clarify the functional differences between the two HIFα subtypes (HIFαs). Here, we review and discuss these differences in relation to CSC‐associated drug resistance. Both HIFαs contribute to CSC survival but play different roles –HIF1α being more responsible for survival functions and HIF2α for stemness traits such as self‐renewal – and are sensitive to different degrees of hypoxia. Failure to account for physiologically relevant oxygen concentrations in many studies may influence the current understanding of the roles of HIFαs. We also discuss how hypoxia and HIFαs contribute to CSC drug resistance via promotion of ABC drug transporters Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), MDR1, and MRP1 and through maintenance of quiescence. Additionally, we explore the PI3K/AKT cell survival pathway that may support refractory cancer by promoting CSCs and activating both HIF1α and HIF2α. Accordingly, HIF1α and HIF2α inhibition, potentially via PI3K/AKT inhibitors, could reduce chemotherapy resistance and prevent cancer relapse.     

Histamine-induced excitation of spontaneously active medullary neurones in the rat brain is mediated by H2-receptors : A microiontophoretic study using H1 and H2-agonists and antagonists

The effects of histamine, applied by microiontophoresis onto spontaneously-active medullary neurones were investigated in the rat. Histamine caused current-dependent excitation of these neurones, an action that is at variance with previous studies in the cat. The nature of the receptor mediating these effects was examined using a number of agonists with differing potencies at peripheral H₁- and H₂-receptors. The precursor of histamine, l-histidine and the metabolite, N-telemethylhistamine did not mimic the effects of histamine while the H₂-agonist, 4-methylhistamine caused similar but weaker excitation. The extent of excitations produced by the H₁-agonists, 2-pyridylethylamine, 2-methylhistamine and 2-thiazolylethylamine could be related to their activity at H₂-receptors. Metiamide was ineffective in antagonising responses to histamine and related agonists as was mepyramine. The H₂-antagonist ranitidine, however, proved a good antagonist of responses to histamine and the H₁- and H₂-agonists, despite an unrelated excitatory action which may be linked to inhibition of cholinesterase. It is concluded that the excitatory effects of microiontophoretically-applied histamine and the agonists on medullary neurones in the rat is probably a result of activation of H₂-receptors.