我院外科围手术期抗菌药物预防应用的调查分析

目的 了解我院围手术期病人预防性应用抗菌药物的现状及合理性.方法 对我院2007年1月1日至2007年12月31日外科围手术期患者的预防性应用抗茵药物情况进行回顾性分析.结果 所调查的480例病例中,无发生切口感染,全部为I期愈合.I类切口276例,抗菌药物预防使用率为90.9%,联合用药率为20.3%.Ⅱ类切口204例,抗菌药物预防使用率为100%,联合用药率为73.0%.二者在选药评价、药动学指标、联合用药评价及药效学指标的评价均基本合理.结论 我院囤手术期患者预防性应用抗菌药物基本合理,应坚持严格执行规范的围手术期抗茵药物使用原则,以纠正个别不当之处如用药时机、选药品种、联合用药、疗程等,持续提高我院合理应用抗茵药物的水平. 者的预防性应用抗茵药物情况进行回顾性分析.结果 所调查的480例病例中,无发生切口感染,全部为I期愈合.I类切口276例,抗菌药物预防使用率为90.9%,联合用药率为20.3%.Ⅱ类切口204例,抗菌药物预防使用率为100%,联合用药率为73.0%.二者在选药评价、药动学指标、联合用药评价及药效学指标的评价均基本合理.结论 我院囤手术期患者预防性应用抗菌药物基本合理,应坚持严格执行 范的围手术期抗茵药物使用原则,以纠正个别不当之处如用药时机、选药品种、联合用药、疗程等,持续提高我院合理应用抗茵药物的水平     

围手术期预防性使用抗菌药物调查与分析

目的 分析围手术期预防性使用抗菌药物情况,规范围手术期抗菌药物使用.方法 抽取658例外科手术病例,对围手术期抗菌药物使用情况进行回顾性调查分析.结果 658例外科手术病例,抗菌药物使用率为99.09%,其中使用合理率为34.05%,术中追加抗菌药物率为45.45%.围手术期预防用药术后3～7 d停药率为59.97%.结论 围手术期预防性应用抗菌药物存在选药起点高、预防用药疗程长、联合用药等问题,需加强围手术期抗菌药物应用管理.     

62例围术期抗菌药物的应用调查分析

目的：调查分析普外患者围术期抗菌药物应用现状及合理性问题。方法：随机抽查2009年1～3月62例普外患者围术期抗菌药物的应用情况,对抗菌药物的种类、频度及联合用药进行评估。结果：62例患者均为甲级愈合;围术期抗菌药物使用率达100%;术前0.5～2h预防用药占24.2%、术前24h左右治疗用药占16.1%,术后当天初次用药占72.6%;围术期抗菌药物主要用头孢菌素类、硝基咪唑类（甲硝唑）、氨基糖苷类,头孢菌素类使用率最高;单用、二联、三联及三联以上的用药率分别为48.4%、38.7%、11.3%、1.6%,以单用为主。结论：我院普外手术中预防感染选药及用药途径基本合理,但仍未严格遵循《抗菌药物临床应用指导原则》,需进一步明确手术预防用药指征、限制术后用药时间、加强围术期应用抗菌药物的管理。     

我院手术患者围手术期预防性使用抗菌药物调查与分析

目的:调查分析我院手术患者围手术期预防性使用抗菌药物情况及合理性,为临床医生合理用药提供依据。方法:根据卫生部指定的病历号,遴选出我院2013年1-12月出院且术前均无感染的手术患者59例,其中男32例,女27例;平均年龄42.5岁,最小5个月,最大77岁。结果:围手术期抗菌药预防用药率达100%,主要涉及抗菌药8类44种;术后单一用药9例,占总数的15.25%,联合用药50例,占总数的84.75,其中二联24例,占联合用药的48.00%,三联及以上用药26例,占联合用药的52.00%。使用率前3位的是左氧氟沙星注射液、氨曲南针和注射用头孢硫脒。结论:我院围手术期预防性使用抗菌药物存在用药指征把握不严、抗菌药物种类选择欠妥、盲目联合用药、给药时间不当和用药时间过长等问题,今后要加强抗菌药物管理,有效促进围手术期抗菌药物的合理应用。     

肠癌手术患者围手术期抗菌药物使用情况研究

目的:调查肠癌手术患者围手术期抗菌药物使用情况,为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供理论依据。方法:收集我院2008年1月至2010年12月进行结直肠癌外科手术的病例134例。回顾性调查围手术期(术前、术中及术后)抗菌药物品种、联合用药、持续时间、术后感染的发生率。结果:134例患者围手术期全部使用抗菌药物,甲硝唑231例次(占35.6%),庆大霉素128例次(占19.7%),头孢菌素类127例次(占19.6%),喹喏酮类药物92例次(占14.2%),β-内酰胺类71(占10.9%)。用药时程≤3天、3-7天、>7天患者的术后感染率分别为:8.3%、6.5%、24.2%,用药时程≤3天和3-7天组术后感染率无显著性差异(P>0.05),但>7天组术后感染率显著高于一周内停药的患者(P<0.01)。围术期单药、二联和三联及以上用药的比率分别为20.1%、55.3%、27.6%,但各组术后感染的发生率无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:我院肠癌手术围术期抗菌药物的使用仍存在术后预防性使用抗菌素时间过长,药物选择不合理,药物起点高,联合用药组合多等现象,有必要进一步加强围手期抗菌药物使用管理,确保安全临床合理用药。     

药师对Ⅰ类切口抗菌药物应用的干预价值

目的探讨规范Ⅰ类切口手术预防使用抗菌药物的方法,为规范使用抗菌药物提供参考。方法回顾性调查药师干预前医院2012年6~8月符合条件的100例Ⅰ类切口手术患者病例资料与药师干预后2013年6~8月的100例Ⅰ类切口手术患者病例资料,对两次调查的围手术期抗菌药物预防使用率、品种选择、给药时机、住院时间等进行统计评价及对比分析。结果干预前的100例患者全部预防性应用了抗菌药物,预防性用药率为100.00%;术前0.5~2小时开始用药者78例(占78.00%),术前2~24小时开始用药者14例(占14.00%),术后开始用药者8例(占8.00%),预防围手术期感染的用药疗程合理为8例(占8.00%),平均抗菌药物总费用为934.70元,平均住院总费用为7083.10元,人均住院时间为295.20小时;干预后100例患者中有16例(占16.00%)使用抗菌药物,术前0.5~2小时开始用药者100例(占100.00%),术后无患者用药,预防围手术期感染的用药疗程合理为100例(占100.00%),平均抗菌药物费用为2.00元,平均住院费用为4671.40元,人均住院时间为162.20小时,感染率与干预前相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论药师干预可使外科Ⅰ类切口手术患者围手术期预防性使用抗菌药物的用药指征、品种选择、分级管理、用药疗程更加规范合理。     

外科围手术期抗生素药物应用分析

目的 分析医院围手术期抗菌药物使用情况.方法 回顾性分析我院2007年7月～2008年2月外科手术病例234例围手术期患者抗菌药物使用情况.结果 100%围手术期病例使用了抗菌药物,其中预防性用药188例,占80.3%,治疗性用药46例,占19.7%.术前30min及术中无一例使用抗生素;术后100%使用抗生素,均于术后当日开始使用,术后混合用药146例,占62.4%.抗菌药物使用种类依次为头孢菌素类、硝基咪唑类、喹诺酮类等.结论 抗生素在预防术后感染、增加手术安全性、提高治愈率方面作用明显,但如不能合理地使用,也会带来不良反应.临床上要合理应用抗生素.     

基层医院胃肠手术围手术期预防性应用抗菌药物的调查研究

目的 调查我院胃肠外科手术患者围手术期抗菌药物预防使用现状,进一步推动围手术期预防用药合理化. 方法 对210例Ⅰ类与Ⅱ类手术切口患者围手术期抗菌药物预防性使用情况进行回顾性调查. 结果 208例患者使用了抗菌药物,术前30min、术前2h及术后预防使用抗菌药物者分别占6.73%,13.94%,79.33%.喹诺酮类药物使用率最高,其次是三代头孢菌素类、青霉素类;术后单用、二联、三联应用抗菌药物的比例分别为66.83%,25.48%,7.69%.I类切口平均用药时间为5.56d,≤3d者39例(29.32%);Ⅱ类切口平均用药时间为7.15d,≤3d者19例(25.33%).结论 基层医院胃肠外科普遍采用抗菌药物预防手术感染,但严格按围手术期预防用药原则应用者少,必须加强抗菌药物围手术期应用的管理.     

Ⅰ类切口手术围术期使用抗菌药物情况分析

目的:调查Ⅰ类切口手术围术期抗菌药物预防性使用情况,以加强抗菌药物应用的管理.方法:采用回顾性调查方法,对400例Ⅰ类切口手术患者围手术期预防性使用抗菌药物情况进行统计分析.结果:400例Ⅰ类切口手术中,有359例使用抗菌药物,使用率为89.8%,其中绝大部分(350例,97.5%)于术前0.5～2h给药;总的邓防用药时间≤24h有57例,占预防用药的15.9%,25～48h的有72例,占预防用药的20.1%,大于48h的有230例,占预防用药的64.0%.预防用药其6类,使用最多的为头孢菌素类(69.2%,主要为第一、二代头孢菌素),其次是青霉素炎(12.5%);围手术期抗菌药物以单一用药为主.结论:该院在Ⅰ类切口手术预防性使用抗菌药物中存在不合理现象,必须加强对外科医生围术期合理使用抗菌药物的教育和管理.     

2009年Ⅰ类切口清洁手术围手术期预防用药情况调查分析

目的:调查和分析医院Ⅰ类切口手术围手术期预防性用药的合理性。方法:回顾性调查该院2009年Ⅰ类切口手术病历120例,对资料进行统计分析。结果:120例Ⅰ类切口手术患者均使用了抗菌药物预防感染,使用率为100%;抗菌药物使用合理54例,占45.0%;不合格使用抗菌药物66例,占55.0%。预防用药起点高,种类选择欠妥,用药疗程过长。结论:该院Ⅰ类切口手术围手术期预防用药存在较多问题,亟需加强临床医生规范化用药管理。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.