Surgical treatment of petroclival meningioma: a report of 15 cases

目的 探讨岩斜脑膜瘤的临床特点、手术策略、手术技巧和治疗效果.方法 回顾性分析临床资料完整的15例岩斜脑膜瘤病例,总结其临床特点.本组均采用经Kawase入路,手术策略为全切除岩斜区肿瘤,术后辅以γ刀治疗.分析手术后颅神经功能和患者生存状况.结果 头痛头晕、外展麻痹和面部麻木是岩斜脑膜瘤的主要症状.手术近全切除肿瘤13例,次全切除2例.12例残余肿瘤术后行γ刀治疗.无手术死亡,术后无新增颅神经损害6例,出现动眼神经麻痹6例,面部麻木7例,外展功能障碍4例,面瘫7例.随访6～59个月(平均38.6个月),12例恢复正常工作和生活,2例生活自理,1例生活需他人照顾.13例无肿瘤复发,2例残余肿瘤增大者中1例经γ刀治疗肿瘤生长得到控制.动眼神经麻痹和面瘫均改善,面部麻木5例部分缓解,外展功能障碍无明显改善.结论 对岩斜脑膜瘤应采用合理的手术策略,尽可能减少手术引起的神经损害,有利于提高患者的生存质量.     

岩斜脑膜瘤15例手术治疗分析

目的探讨岩斜脑膜瘤的临床特点、手术策略、手术技巧和治疗效果。方法回顾性分析临床资料完整的15例岩斜脑膜瘤病例,总结其临床特点。本组均采用经Kawase入路,手术策略为全切除岩斜区肿瘤,术后辅以γ刀治疗。分析手术后颅神经功能和患者生存状况。结果头痛头晕、外展麻痹和面部麻木是岩斜脑膜瘤的主要症状。手术近全切除肿瘤13例,次全切除2例。12例残余肿瘤术后行γ刀治疗。无手术死亡,术后无新增颅神经损害6例,出现动眼神经麻痹6例,面部麻木7例,外展功能障碍4例,面瘫7例。随访6~59个月(平均38.6个月),12例恢复正常工作和生活,2例生活自理,1例生活需他人照顾。13例无肿瘤复发,2例残余肿瘤增大者中1例经γ刀治疗肿瘤生长得到控制。动眼神经麻痹和面瘫均改善,面部麻木5例部分缓解,外展功能障碍无明显改善。结论对岩斜脑膜瘤应采用合理的手术策略,尽可能减少手术引起的神经损害,有利于提高患者的生存质量。     

岩尖斜坡区脑膜瘤的显微外科治疗

目的：探索岩尖斜坡区脑膜瘤手术入路和手术效果。方法：通过显微外科手术治疗21例岩尖斜坡区脑膜瘤,根据肿瘤的生长方式和MRI的表现分为三种类型：Ⅰ型5例,主要向中颅窝生长(包括海绵窦);Ⅱ型4例,主要向后颅窝生长;Ⅲ型12例,骑跨岩骨分别向中、后颅窝生长。额颞开颅断颧弓颞下入路切除肿瘤5例。颞枕开颅颞下小脑幕入路切除肿瘤4例,乙状窦前入路10例和乙状窦后入路切除肿瘤2例。结果：肿瘤全切除9例,近全切除11例,部分切除1例;无手术死亡。Ⅰ型岩斜坡肿瘤全切除2例,次全切除3例;Ⅱ型岩斜坡肿瘤全切除3例,次全切除1例;Ⅲ型全切除4例,次全切除7例,部分切除1例。结论：Ⅰ、Ⅱ型多数能全切除,术后效果良好;若Ⅰ型岩斜坡脑膜瘤侵犯海绵窦则难以全切除,术后容易并发动眼神经损伤。Ⅲ型岩斜坡脑膜瘤全切除非常困难,乙状窦前入路是Ⅲ型岩斜坡脑膜瘤最佳的的手术入路。     

岩斜区脑膜瘤显微手术入路的改良及疗效

目的探讨改良经岩骨乙状窦前入路显微手术切除岩斜区脑膜瘤的疗效及手术技巧.方法采用改良经岩骨乙状窦前入路显微外科切除岩斜区脑膜瘤11例并对其临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果肿瘤全切除8例,次全切除1例,大部切除2例.本组无死亡病例,术后昏迷 1 例,新出现暂时性颅神经障碍3例,无脑脊液漏发生.结论改良经岩骨乙状窦前入路简便、安全,可充分显露岩斜区,有利于提高肿瘤切除程度和术后疗效,是岩斜区脑膜瘤手术治疗的较佳入路,但对术者的手术技巧和经验要求较高.     

岩斜区脑膜瘤显微手术入路的改良及疗效

目的探讨改良经岩骨乙状窦前入路显微手术切除岩斜区脑膜瘤的疗效及手术技巧.方法采用改良经岩骨乙状窦前入路显微外科切除岩斜区脑膜瘤11例并对其临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果肿瘤全切除8例,次全切除1例,大部切除2例.本组无死亡病例,术后昏迷 1 例,新出现暂时性颅神经障碍3例,无脑脊液漏发生.结论改良经岩骨乙状窦前入路简便、安全,可充分显露岩斜区,有利于提高肿瘤切除程度和术后疗效,是岩斜区脑膜瘤手术治疗的较佳入路,但对术者的手术技巧和经验要求较高.     

岩尖部脑膜瘤的手术治疗

本文报告岩尖部脑膜瘤8例的手术结果.这类肿瘤的早期临床表现为Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ颅神经受累的症状和体征,以三叉神经痛和面部感觉障碍为首发症状者较为多见,随着肿瘤的生长方向不同和体积的增大,其受累部位和结构亦有所不同,从而出现不同的症状和体征.此类肿瘤常因累计鞍旁、海绵窦、上斜坡、桥小脑角以及所在这些部位的重要结构,给手术造成很大困难.本组肿瘤全切除6例,次全切除和大部分切除各1例,无手术死亡.7例随访2-3.5年,效果满意,文中对手术途径和手术操作技术进行了讨论和介绍.     

大型、巨大型岩斜区脑膜瘤的手术策略*

目的:探讨大型、巨大型岩斜区脑膜瘤的手术效果,以提高和改善预后.方法:回顾性分析新疆医科大学第一附属医院神经外科2000年1月-2011年6月显微手术切除的32例岩斜区脑膜瘤的临床资料.结果:32例岩斜区脑膜瘤,肿瘤全切除12例,次全切除12例,大部分切除8例.全切除术后的近期和远期并发症最高(P<0.05),而次全切除与大部分切除相比,其术后的近期和远期并发症差异比较无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:对于大型、巨大型岩斜区脑膜瘤,次全切除是一个合理的手术策略.     

改良颞下一经小脑幕入路显微手术切除岩斜区脑膜瘤

目的 探讨改良颞下一经小脑幕人路显微手术切除岩斜区膜瘤瘤的显微手术技术.方法 在传统颞下一经小脑幕人路的基础上,离断颧弓切除Labbe氏静脉前颞下回脑组织.采用显微外科技术切除岩斜区脑膜瘤7例.结果 肿瘤全切除2例,次全切除3例,大部分切除2例.术后肢体轻瘫2例.面神经和动眼神经不全麻痹各1例,无手术死亡.随访8～36个月,2例恢复良好,4例生活自理,1例生活需要照顾.结论 改良颞下一经小脑幕入路具有操作简单,创伤小,易于掌握,特别适用于中上斜坡脑膜瘤手术,是切除岩斜区脑膜瘤较理想的手术入路.     

额颞-颞下入路治疗中颅凹型三叉神经鞘瘤疗效分析

[目的]探讨经额颞-颞下入路对中颅凹型三叉神经鞘瘤的手术优点.[方法] 回顾分析5例经额颞-颞下入路手术切除中颅凹型三叉神经鞘瘤临床资料.4例全切,1例大部切,海绵窦内有残留.2例断颧弓.[结果] 术后病人临床症状不同程度改善,其中1例病人术后出现一过性动眼神经麻痹,术后1月恢复;1例出现脑脊液漏,经抗炎治疗和腰大池置管引流痊愈.本组无死亡病例.1例大部切病人术后行γ刀治疗,复查MRI,残存肿瘤无增大.[结论] 经额颞-颞下入路对切除中颅凹型三叉神经鞘瘤具有创伤小,距离近,显露好等优点.     

手术治疗包裹大动脉的颅底中央区脑膜瘤

目的　探讨对包裹重要脑动脉的颅底中央区脑膜瘤的手术方法。方法　回顾性分析经颧弓入路手术治疗 9例颅底中央区巨大脑膜瘤的临床资料 ,肿瘤位于前床突、鞍结节、鞍隔、海绵窦区、岩骨尖及斜坡等广泛区域并完全包裹 1支以上的脑动脉。结果　 6例脑膜瘤获得了全切除 ,3例脑膜瘤获得次全切除 ,1例的精神症状及记忆力减退症状加重 ,2例出现动眼神经麻痹 ,无手术死亡 ;随访 12月至 8年 ,1例术后 4 1月肿瘤复发。结论　神经影像学技术的进步和显微外科技术应用 ,大多数颅底中央区包裹重要脑动脉的巨大脑膜瘤可以获得成功的手术切除。     

乙状窦前入路切除岩斜区脑膜瘤

目的 探索岩斜区脑膜瘤的手术入路及手术方式,并评价其疗效.方法 采用乙状窦前入路,应用显微神经外科技术,将岩斜区脑膜瘤分块行全切或部分切除.结果 9例病例中肿瘤全切6例,占66.6%;次全切除2例,占22.2%;大部分切除1例,占11.2%.无手术死亡病例,术后7例随访,平均20个月.6例正常生活,1例生活自理.MRI随访5例,未见肿瘤复发或再生长.结论 采用乙状窦前入路、应用显微神经外科技术治疗岩斜区脑膜瘤,能提高该病治愈率,减少并发症.     

颞下-乙状窦后联合锁孔入路显微手术治疗岩斜区脑膜瘤

目的：探讨应用颞下-乙状窦后联合锁孔入路显微手术切除岩斜区脑膜瘤的方法和经验,以及岩斜区脑膜瘤的微侵袭手术入路和方法,提高肿瘤的全部切除率与术后疗效。方法：回顾性分析经颞下-乙状窦后联合锁孔入路治疗的21例岩斜区脑膜瘤的临床资料,总结联合锁孔手术的方法和技巧,并对肿瘤切除程度和手术前后功能状态评分（Karnofsky performance score,KPS）进行分析,其中在神经导航引导下手术9例,在神经电生理监测下进行的手术12例。结果：肿瘤全部切除(Simpson Ⅰ、Ⅱ级)18例(85.7%,18/21),次(近)切除(SimpsonⅢ级)3例(14.3%, 3/21),术后三维CT显露锁孔骨瓣复位良好,术后病理均证实为脑膜瘤。术后新增颅神经功能障碍或原有神经功能障碍加重5例(23.8%),其中短暂性滑车神经3例、外展神经1例、三叉神经运动支麻痹1例。出现外展神经麻痹的1例,同时伴有听力障碍加重。术后3个月随访时,11例KPS同术前,7例术后改善,3例加重。KPS平均评分77.14±23.12,与术前比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。术后随访半年,恢复良好者19例（KPS≥70）,恢复一般2例（KPS＜70）。术后随访3~29个月,无肿瘤复发或进展。结论：颞下-乙状窦后联合锁孔入路是简便、安全、微创、理想的切除岩斜区脑膜瘤的手术入路,掌握手术技巧和术中注意事项,有利于提高肿瘤的全部切除率和术后疗效。     

Keyhole approach surgery for petroclival meningioma

Background In China, the feasibility of keyhole approach in surgical treatment of petroclival meningioma has not been well evaluated. This report summarized our experience in 25 patients with petroclival meningioma who had been treated with keyhole approach surgery. Methods From July 2000 to July 2005, 25 patients with petroclival meningioma were subjected to resection via subtemporal, retrosigmoid or combined keyhole approaches. The extent of tumor resection was evaluated by MRI 3 months after surgery, and postoperative complications were investigated. Results The maximum diameter of tumors ranged from 2 to 7 cm （mean, 4.5 cm）. Gross total resection （GTR） was achieved in 14 patients, giving a GTR rate of 56%. Subtotal resection （STR） was carried out in 8 patients and partial resection in 3. Thirteen patients kept normal neurological status, whereas others suffered from cranial nerve deficits （Ⅶ, Ⅶ, Ⅲ and lower CN）. One patient died in the postoperative period. Conclusions Keyhole approach surgery, especially the combined keyhole approach is suitable for the treatment of petroclival meningioma. It provides easy and quick access to the supra- and infratentorial juxta-clival region without drilling of the petrous bone. Complications related to the approach can be minimized.     

内侧型蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤显微外科治疗体会

目的 :探讨内侧型蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤手术治疗方法。方法 :本文复习了 2 0例内侧型蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤的临床资料 ,重点讨论了手术方法。结果 :实现脑膜瘤镜下全切 17例 ,大部分切除 3例 ,无手术死亡 ,疗效满意。结论 :认为在熟悉掌握毗邻显微解剖结构的基础上 ,采用显微外科技术 (CUSA) ,结合术前超选栓塞颈外动脉系统的肿瘤供应支 ,可提高肿瘤全切率 ,减少对周围重要神经结构的损伤 ,降低死亡率。但对明显侵犯下丘脑、海绵窦等重要结构的肿瘤 ,手术难度较大者 ,尚应考虑姑息的手术方式     

颧颞入路切除中颅底肿瘤

目的　探讨颧颞入路对中颅底肿瘤的疗效。方法　对中颅窝脑膜瘤 9例 ,颅咽管瘤、脑膜肉瘤及神经鞘瘤各 1例 ,采用颧颞入路手术 ,取下颧弓以扩大中颅窝底视野。对肿瘤长入后颅窝者 ,切开小脑天幕 ,切除天幕下肿瘤 ,对向前颅底及眶内生长者 ,以扩大的颧颞眶入路手术。结果　中颅底肿瘤全切 6例 ,次全切 3例 ,大部切除 3例。肿瘤残留与肿瘤侵犯海绵窦、包绕颈内动脉、脑干受浸润有关。结论　颧颞入路可有效地适用于中颅底肿瘤切除术。     

矢状窦旁脑膜瘤的手术治疗

目的探讨矢状窦旁脑膜瘤的手术方法和技巧。方法对56例经手术治疗的矢状窦旁脑膜瘤的临床资料进行回顾性分析。探讨该病的诊断,手术方法,受累矢状窦的处理及对无法切除之残留的补充治疗。结果手术全切肿瘤48例(85.6%),其中SimpsonⅠ级切除15例(26.7%),SimpsonⅡ级切除33例(58.9%),余8例SimpsonⅢ级切除(14.4%)。术后随防6～72个月,无手术病死。结论矢状窦旁脑膜瘤的手术治疗应力争达到SimpsonⅠ级切除;良好的手术暴露,有效地控制术中出血,保护并妥善处理好上矢状窦和避免脑皮质损伤,是提高矢状窦旁脑膜瘤手术全切率与手术疗效的重要因素。     

Subtemporal transpetrosal apex approach: study on its use in large and giant petroclival meningiomas

Background  The subtemporal transtentoral approach has been reported for nearly two decades; however it was not well used due to some limitations in dealing with large and giant petroclival meningiomas. The clinical outcome and merit of the modified subtemporal transpetrosal apex approach in large and giant petroclival meningiomas, as well as the choices, the improvements and the therapy strategies of the microsurgical approach in such patients were evaluated in this study.

Methods  Totally 25 cases of large and giant petroclival meningiomas undergone the modified subtemporal transpetrosal apex approach between April 2004 and January 2010 were enrolled in this study. The choice and improvement of the approach, the basis of anatomy and related research, the effect of accessory equipment, the exposure of tumor and the changes of neurofunction pre- and post-operation were all reviewed retrospectively. The operation outcomes and complications in this approach were also compared with those in the transpetrous presigmoid approach done in 14 cases in the same period.

Results  All 25 cases underwent the modified subtemporal transpetrosal apex approach under electrophysiologic monitoring of cranial nerves and brain stem function. Trochlear nerve was partly wrapped in 14 cases, totally wrapped but can be explored in the initial segment of the cerebellum tentorium in 8 cases, totally wrapped and could not be seen until tumor was partly removed in 3 cases. The cerebellum tentorium was cut along the temporal bone from the anterior part of the apex to the mastoid part of superior petrous sinus in 6 cases, from the posterior part of the apex to the mastoid part of superior petrous sinus in 19 cases. Gross tumor resection was accomplished in 17 (68%) patients, subtotal resection in 7 (28%) patients, and partial resection in 1 (4%) patient. The most common postoperative complication was new neurological deficits or aggravations of preexisting deficit (64%). Follow-up ranged from 3 to 69 months. Compared with the transpetrous presigmoid approach done in 14 cases in the same period, the modified subtemporal transpetrosal apex approach showed obvious advantages such as simplicity in manipulating, microinvasiveness, less time-consuming, less complication, higher rate of tumor resection though the rates of gross tumor resection might be of no significant difference.

Conclusions  Modified subtemporal transpetrosal apex approach has obvious advantages compared with the transpetrous presigmoid approach. Some complications need to be solved by practice and modification of the approach as well as the accumulation of the experiences.

     

PARAPETROSAL PRESIGMOID APPROACH FOR PETROCLIVAL TUMORS

Petroclivaltumorsrepresentmoredifficultto radicalresection.Thesetumorsarelocateddeepat skullbase,usuallywithabundantbloodsupplyand broadattachmenttothepetrous,clivus,andtentori um.Sometimesthetumorinvadesintothecavernous sinusandthevitalperforatingarteries,cranial nerves,andthebrainstemareinvolved[1].Inthepastdecade,withtheadventofskullbase surgeryconcept,moreandmoresurgeonsreported successfulcasesofpetroclivaltumorremoved.Over all,therehasbeenadecreaseinpostoperativemor talityandmorbidity.Se…     

经颅入路切除眶尖神经鞘瘤

目的探讨经颅入路切除眶尖神经鞘瘤的手术方法。方法回顾性分析22例眶尖神经鞘瘤的临床表现、影像学检查及经颅入路手术方法。根据肿瘤的位置、大小以及是否颅内侵犯,选择合适的开颅骨瓣:单侧额部骨瓣、额-眶上缘骨瓣、翼点-眶上缘骨瓣。结果肿瘤全切除18例,近全切除3例,部分切除1例。术后6例有动眼神经麻痹,5例在3个月后恢复;2例患眼失明。无手术死亡及其他手术并发症。术后随访1个月至6年,平均34个月,有1例肿瘤复发。结论眶尖神经鞘瘤易通过眶上裂侵犯海绵窦,经颅入路可获得充分的眶尖减压和肿瘤显露,从而保护眶尖部神经血管,减少术后并发症,提高治愈率。肿瘤全切则预后良好。