恶性淋巴瘤累及腹腔、腹膜后淋巴结的多层螺旋CT强化表现特征

目的讨论恶性淋巴瘤累及腹部淋巴结的多层螺旋CT强化特征及其优势解剖分布.方法恶性淋巴瘤累及腹部淋巴结32例,其中霍奇金病(HD)6例,非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)26例.在增强多层螺旋CT图像上,观察受累淋巴结的大小、形态、密度以及优势解剖分布.结果 83.3%HD和80.8%NHL淋巴结增大呈普遍均匀强化密度,16.7%HD和19.2%NHL呈均匀强化合并坏死密度.HD和NHL均主要累及小网膜(60.9%)、胰腺周围(59.4%)、腹主动脉周围上部(93.8%)及下部(78.1%)淋巴结.HD和NHI常同时累及2个部位以上的淋巴结.结论多层螺旋CT增强特征可揭示恶性淋巴瘤累及腹腔、腹膜后淋巴结病理改变.     

符合线路SPECT18F-FDG显像诊断结外淋巴瘤

目的探讨符合线路SPECT 诊断结外淋巴瘤中的临床应用价值.方法使用美国ADAC公司生产的Vertex Plus EPIC MCD/AC SPECT/PET,对18例术前或术后的NHL患者进行18F-FDG 代谢显像.对其中9例原发和/或继发结外NHL的显像结果进行定性和半定量分析,并与同期常规影像(超声、CT)比较,结果经组织病理学证实.结果符合线路SPECT 18F-FDG 代谢显像发现9例结外NHL有11 个18F-FDG 摄取异常增高病灶,其对结外NHL病灶探测的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为85%(11/13) 、100%(2/2) 、 86.7%(13/15). CT发现6个病灶,其敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为30.8%(4/13)、100%(2/2)、 40%(6/15).结论符合线路SPECT 18F-FDG 代谢显像对结外淋巴瘤的诊断不失为一种有用的辅助检查方法,具有重要的临床价值.     

纵隔恶性淋巴瘤的CT表现

目的:分析纵隔恶性淋巴瘤的CT表现,提高对其影像学表现的认识。方法:回顾分析经手术或穿刺病理证实的18例恶性淋巴瘤病例的CT表现。扫描用Philips,Mx8000,4排螺旋CT,包括CT平扫和增强。结果:18例中霍奇金病(HD)6例,非霍奇金病(NHL)12例。纵隔肿块表现为多结节融合型15例,其中3例病灶内见小片坏死。表现为分散结节型3例。伴发胸腔积液11例,其中3例为双侧性积液,伴心包增厚积液3例,肋骨、胸壁侵犯2例,肺部同时受累2例。18例病灶内均无钙化。病灶轻、中度强化,强化值10～46 HU。结论:纵隔恶性淋巴瘤影像学表现有其一定特异性,一般为多组淋巴结同时受累,多结节融合型多见,平扫和增强后密度基本均匀,钙化少见,HD常累及血管前组淋巴结。增强后轻至中度强化。     

~(18)F-FDG PET-CT在NK/T细胞淋巴瘤诊断与鉴别诊断中的价值

目的探讨~(18)F-FDG PET-CT在NK/T细胞淋巴瘤诊断与鉴别诊断中的价值。方法回顾性分析39例临床疑似NK/T细胞淋巴瘤的PET-CT显像结果,并与头颈部鳞癌和其他类型非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)等比较。结果39例患者中,经病理证实,共有35例真阳性患者,1例假阳性患者,3例真阴性患者。PET-CT对NK/T细胞淋巴瘤诊断的准确度为97.4%(38/39),灵敏度为100%(35/35),特异度为75.0%(3/4),阳性预测值为97.2%(35/36),阴性预测值为100%(3/3)。NK/T细胞淋巴瘤与头颈部鳞癌两组疾病鼻咽部的SUVmax相比较,P值0.05,差异无统计学意义。NK/T细胞淋巴瘤与其他类型NHL两组疾病鼻咽部的SUVmax相比较,P值均0.05,差异无统计学意义。在NK/T细胞淋巴瘤、头颈部鳞癌、其他类型NHL这三组病例中,病灶位于鼻咽部的病例分别为18、22、25例,位于颈部淋巴结者分别为18、20、16例。此外,NK/T细胞淋巴瘤病灶位于鼻腔者共21例,累及鼻甲者8例、副鼻窦8例、口咽9例。头颈部鳞癌患者的病灶位于鼻咽者共22例,累及头颈部淋巴结者20例。其他类型的NHL,病灶部位侵犯全身淋巴结25例、口咽18例、脾脏16例。结论 NK/T细胞淋巴瘤鼻咽部的SUVmax与头颈部鳞癌及其他类型NHL比较,无显著差异。三组病例病灶均最常见于鼻咽部,但NK/T细胞淋巴瘤病灶还常见于鼻腔,头颈部鳞癌的病灶基本仅位于鼻咽部和颈部淋巴结,其他类型NHL的病灶常侵犯全身淋巴结、口咽和脾脏。     

骨外组织摄取骨显像剂的所见及临床意义探讨(附497例报告)

目的:探讨骨外组织摄取99Tcm-MDP的临床意义。材料和方法:回顾性分析6602例99Tcm-MDP骨显像并识别骨外组织显影。结果:骨外组织显影497例。弥漫性摄取见于四肢、胸、腹部(淋巴和/或静脉回流障碍120例,恶性胸、腹腔积液各146及44例,甲状旁腺功能亢进3例,肝脏转移瘤20例);局灶性摄取见于不同部位多种类型的肿瘤(107例,除1例良性外其余均为恶性),心肌炎及脑梗死灶各1例、横纹肌炎症1例、近期骨折或手术后局部软组织各16及18例,术后瘢痕7例、术后造瘘13例。上述显影的骨外组织良性病变占33%,恶性病变占67%。结论:正确识别核素骨显像的骨外组织显影有助于对骨显像的正确分析并可提供有价值的信息。     

脊柱结核骨显像表现分析

目的：探讨脊柱结核的骨显像表现。方法：回顾性分析21例经病理证实的脊柱结核患者的骨显像及CT资料。结果：21例患者累及颈椎9例、胸椎12例、腰椎10例、骶椎3例,7例患者同时累及2个以上脊柱节段。2例患者见单发病灶,其余19例见2个或2个以上病灶,其中呈比邻分布者18例。3例患者伴有脊柱外骨质受累,其中肋骨2例,股骨1例。41个病灶有CT对照,其中椎体型11个,椎间型14个,椎旁型9个,附件型7个。在放射性分布方面,椎体型、椎间型及椎旁型多累及相邻多个椎骨,单发病灶较少,而附件型单发病灶比例相对较高。在放射性形态方面,椎间型多为整个椎体放射性浓聚,附件型均为局灶性放射性浓聚。结论：脊柱结核的典型骨显像表现为放射性浓聚灶呈比邻分布且不伴肋骨或四肢受累,骨显像对脊柱结核的诊断及治疗有重要临床价值。     

18F-FDG PET/CT在恶性淋巴瘤诊断与疗效评估中的作用

目的 评价18F-FDG PET/CT在恶性淋巴瘤诊断、疗效评估与复发监测中的作用.方法 回顾性分析90例恶性淋巴瘤患者18F-FDG PET/CT结果.15例HD患者,1例治疗前、后均做了PET/CT显像,14例为治疗后患者.75例NHL患者,治疗前PET/CT显像24例,10例治疗前、后均进行PET/CT检查,41例仅治疗后显像.结果 15例HD患者,接受化疗和(或)放疗后PET/CT显像4例正常;4例改善或部分改善,7例进展或缓解后复发,其中仅8例CT、MR或超声见软组织影或淋巴结肿大.34例未治疗的NHL患者,PET/CT显像32例为阳性(94.12%),同期CT或MR的阳性率为85.71%.51例治疗后的NHL患者,23例PET/CT显像为正常(45.10%),9例改善或部分改善(17.65%),19例(37.25%)病灶有进展或缓解后又复发.结论 18F-FDG PET/CT在淋巴瘤的临床诊断、分期、疗效监测、复发与残留的评价方面是灵敏而准确的方法.     

核素骨显像联合血清前列腺特异性抗原游离水平与总量比值测定对前列腺癌骨转移诊断的临床意义

目的:研究99mTc-MDP(亚甲基二膦酸盐)核素骨显像结合前列腺特异性抗原游离水平与总量比值(FPSA/TPSA)测定在诊断前列腺癌及其骨转移中的价值。方法:对经病理证实并行骨显像和FPSA、TPSA检查的147例前列腺癌患者的临床及检测资料进行回顾性分析。结果:147例前列腺癌患者中,核素骨显像提示102例出现骨转移(占69.4%),其骨转移病灶"热区"数共631个,其中显示≥3个病灶者为81例(79.4%),2个病灶的15例(14.7%),1个病灶的6例(5.9%)。经随访发现,骨转移累及部位以盆骨最多(96例,占94.1%),且最早;其次是脊柱(77例,占75.5%)和肋骨(54例,占52.9%)。发生骨转移患者术前的血清TPSA、FPSA、FPSA/TPSA(F/T)分别为(99.14±58.90)μg/L、(11.10±8.22)μg/L、0.10±0.05;无骨转移患者血清TPSA、FPSA、F/T则分别为(24.32±21.91)μg/L、(4.37±3.43)μg/L、0.18±0.04;2组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。血清TPSA、FPSA浓度与骨转移率呈正相关。PSA100μg/L时,骨转移率达100%。结论:对疑为前列腺癌的患者,特别是年龄>50岁者,更应重视核素骨显像和血清TPSA、FPSA检查,并计算F/T比值,密切注意随访。     

~(18)F-FDG PET-CT显像对恶性淋巴瘤诊断和分期中的临床应用价值

目的探讨18F-FDG PET-CT显像在恶性淋巴瘤诊断、疗效评价及临床分期中的应用价值。方法对30例疑诊为淋巴瘤并进行18F-FDG PET-CT显像28例经病理证实为淋巴瘤,其中HD6例,NHL22例。图像分析采用视图分析及测量病灶平均标准摄取值方法相结合。结果 30例疑诊淋巴瘤患者中,14例治疗前行PET-CT检查,11例确诊为淋巴瘤,2例假阳性,1例假阴性;5例手术治疗后,2例术后复发及转移;11例放疗/化疗的患者,4例复发,4例见局部有病灶残存,3例未见异常;5例患者于治疗前及放化疗后检查,4例肿瘤明显受抑制1。8F-FDG PET-CT诊断符合率为93.3%。检测淋巴瘤病灶敏感性为89.4%。特异性为95.5%。结论 18F-FDG PET-CT显像对淋巴瘤病灶有较高的敏感性、特异性,有助于临床更准确的分期从而指导治疗。     

恶性淋巴瘤骨髓累犯的发生率及组织学特点

骨髓活检(BMB)对恶性淋巴瘤(ML)的诊断、预后判断、评价治疗反应及检测残余病灶都至关重要。作者对过去10年间443例非何杰金淋巴瘤(NHL)与155例何杰金病(HD)病人的BMB结果进行回顾性研究,着重探讨其临床病理的关系。上述病人的BMB时均未接受治疗,除常规形态学观察外,还对26例NHL及10例HD病人切片进行了免疫组化观察。免疫组比采用APAAP法,选用F8、11、13,A6,Kim-6及BerH_2单克隆抗体,分别识别B细胞、T细胞、骨髓巨噬细胞及组织细胞、HD     

Value of ultrasound-guided core biopsy in the diagnosis of malignant lymphoma

PURPOSE: Ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy for the diagnosis and management of malignant lymphomas is controversial and has not been accepted as an alternative to surgical biopsy. We investigate the clinical usefulness of this procedure in a large series of patients. METHODS: Over a 5-year period (2000-2004), ultrasound-guided core needle biopsies were performed in 102 malignant lymphomas. Five diagnostic categories were considered: large B-cell lymphomas (LBCL), small B-cell lymphomas (SBCL), Hodgkin's disease (HD), T cell lymphomas, and miscellaneous. Surgical excisional biopsy of the node was performed in 47 cases (46.1%) for diagnostic confirmation. RESULTS: The overall diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy was 88.2% (90/102). SBCL (39), LBCL (36), HD (15), T cell lymphomas (5), and miscellaneous (7) [including T cell-rich B cell (2), natural killer cell (1), Burkitt's lymphoma (1), and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the B cell type, NOS (3)] were correctly diagnosed. Three HDs, 1 natural killer cell lymphoma, 1 follicular lymphoma, and 1 LBCL were not correctly diagnosed. The core needle biopsy did not yield tumor tissue in 6 cases. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy is effective in the diagnosis of malignant lymphomas and can be used as the first diagnostic approach in selected clinical situations.     

慢性粒-单核细胞白血病合并结外非霍奇金淋巴瘤的临床特征分析

目的：探讨慢性粒-单核细胞白血病(chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, CMML)合并结外非霍奇金淋巴瘤（non-Hodgkin's lymphoma,NHL）患者的临床特征及其鉴别诊断。方法：回顾性分析2例CMML合并结外NHL患者的临床资料、影像学检查、病理形态学及免疫组织化学（免疫组化）标志特征,并复习国内外相关文献进行探讨。结果：2例CMML合并结外NHL患者均为老年女性,因乏力或出现相应部位肿瘤侵犯症状就诊。例1患者诊断为CMML后发生NHL,例2患者则同时诊断为CMML和NHL。实验室检查示,2例患者的外周血白细胞计数增高,以单核细胞为主;乳酸脱氢酶升高;骨髓增生活跃伴有病态造血;细胞免疫表型为CD14⁺ CD64⁺;染色体荧光原位杂交分析BCR-ABL为阴性(-)。PET/CT 检查显示 2例患者均未发现骨髓高代谢灶,例1患者表现为小肠异常高代谢,最大标准化摄取值（maximum standard uptake values,SUVmax）值为12.60;例2患者表现为肺内异常高代谢,SUVmax值为6.72。病理检查提示2例患者均为B细胞来源的NHL;免疫组化检查结果提示,LCA、CD20、CD79a、Bcl-6、Ki-67均为阳性,CD5、CD10、CD3、CylinD1、CD56、CD23、CD21阴性。结论：CMML合并结外NHL罕见,患者缺乏特异性的临床表现,而结合实验室、影像学检查及组织病理、免疫组化检查进行分析,可提高其诊断的准确率。     

Antioxidant status, erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation and osmotic fragility in malignant lymphoma patients.

We studied erythrocyte and leukocyte superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, erythrocyte malondialdehyde (MDA) and osmotic fragility and plasma L-ascorbic acid and L-dehydroascorbic acid levels in adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), Hodgkin's disease (HD) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) before and after treatment. SOD activity was elevated in leukocytes of ALL and HD patients before treatment, and borderlike-significantly elevated in leukocytes of the same patients after treatment in comparison to the control subjects. SOD activity was not changed in NHL patients before or after chemotherapy. Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were elevated in the three groups of lymphomas before and after treatment. MDA level and osmotic fragility of red blood cells of patients with lymphomas were increased before and after treatment in comparison to the control group. Plasma L-ascorbic acid concentrations were decreased, whereas L-dehydroascorbic acid concentrations were increased in ALL, HD and NHL patients before and after treatment. There were also significant differences in the activities of the antioxidant enzymes, concentrations of antioxidants, MDA and osmotic fragility in the most of the malignant lymphoma patients. The present data suggest that hematological complications and autoimmune hemolytic anemia might be attributed to the oxidative stress produced by malignant lymphomas.     

18F-FDG符合线路显像对骨骼单发病灶的鉴别诊断

目的:探讨18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)显像对骨显像单个病灶的鉴别诊断价值。方法:99mTc-亚甲基二磷酸盐(MDP)骨显像提示骨骼单个病灶的恶性肿瘤患者38例,骨显像后1~2周接受18F-FDG代谢显像。根据病灶穿刺活检、3~12个月随访期内有无骨痛及MRI检查判断单个病灶是否为骨转移。以此为标准,计算18F-FDG显像对骨骼单个病灶的诊断效能。结果:病灶穿刺活检证实为骨转移瘤21例,随访期内出现骨痛,复查全身骨显像提示其它部位骨骼出现新的病灶而诊断骨转移4例,2例经MRI证实为骨转移;其余11例为良性病变。38例患者发生骨转移27例,发生率71.0%(27/38)。18F-FDG显像提示骨骼病灶高代谢27例,但其中1例为骨结核,另1例为放射性炎症。18F-FDG显像对骨骼单个病灶的诊断灵敏度为92.5%(25/27),特异性为81.8%(9/11),诊断符合率89.5%(34/38),阳性预测值92.5%,阴性预测值81.8%。结论:18F-FDG代谢显像可对骨骼单个病灶准确鉴别。在脊椎骨、骨盆等部位能更灵敏地发现病灶。     

Non-hodgkin's lymphoma of the liver in patients with AIDS: sonographic, CT, and MRI findings

PURPOSE: We analyzed the sonographic, CT, and MRI findings in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of the liver to evaluate the role of sonography in the diagnosis of this disease. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed sonograms and CT scans on 26 patients who had human immunodeficiency virus with liver lymphoma, either primary (10 cases) or secondary (16 cases), from 1992 to 1999. We also reviewed MR images on 12 of the patients. All patients had pathologically proven NHL; all imaging studies were obtained within 2 weeks of sonographically guided fine-needle aspiration biopsies. Lymphoma was the initial AIDS-defining illness in 38% of the patients. RESULTS: NHL occurred as multiple lesions in most cases of both primary (7 of 10 cases) and secondary (15 of 16 cases) liver lymphoma. No imaging finding was specific for the diagnosis of hepatic lymphoma. The hepatic lesions were hypoechoic in 25 of 26 cases; in the remaining case, there was a large isoechoic mass. On unenhanced and contrast-enhanced CT, the lesions were hypodense in all cases, with a thin enhancing rim in 6 patients. On MRI, the lesions were hypointense on T1-weighted images and hyperintense on T2-weighted images. CONCLUSIONS: Sonography may be helpful in the diagnosis of focal hepatic lymphoma in patients with human immunodeficiency virus. Sonographically guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy provides a definitive diagnosis. CT was crucial in the staging of lymphoma. MRI appears appropriate for studying liver NHL in selected cases.     

Comparison of bone and 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography in the evaluation of bony metastases in lung cancer.

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a proven accurate modality used for the detection of active malignant tumors. The performance of PET in detecting bony metastases, however, has not been adequately investigated. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare the performance of bone and 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) PET scans in evaluating bony metastases from lung cancer. PROCEDURE: This retrospective study evaluated 85 patients with lung cancer who underwent both FDG-PET and bone scans within three weeks of each other for initial staging or restaging. The number and sites of bony lesions on FDG-PET and bone scans were correlated. Concordant lesions between the two modalities were considered to be positive for malignancy; discordant lesions were compared with X-rays, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and/or follow-up findings. The mean follow-up interval was 7.9 months. RESULTS: Bone scans were positive for lesions in 24 patients and negative in 61 patients while FDG-PET was positive for bony lesions in 17 patients and negative in 65 patients. FDG-PET was indeterminate for rib involvement in three patients having an underlying lung cancer, whom were evaluated separately. A total of 88 and 41 bony lesions were identified on bone scans and FDG-PET, respectively. Correlation of bone scans with other imaging modalities and clinical follow-up findings revealed a sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of 81%, 78%, 34%, and 93%, respectively and for FDG-PET 73% (P=0.81), 88% (P=0.03), 46% (P=0.5,) and 97% (P=0.04), respectively. Using bone scans, 10 patients were correctly diagnosed with bony metastases, 54 were correctly diagnosed free of bony metastases, 17 patients were falsely diagnosed with metastases, and metastases were missed in one patient. Using FDG-PET scans, eight patients were correctly diagnosed with bony metastases, 66 were correctly diagnosed free of bony metastases, seven patients were falsely diagnosed with metastases, and one patient had metastases which were missed. Of the three patients with lung cancer close to the chest wall in whom FDG-PET was indeterminate for rib involvement, the bone scans were truly positive for rib involvement in two of them, and truly negative in the remaining patient. CONCLUSIONS: FDG-PET scans demonstrated significantly higher specificity and negative predictive values than bone scans for evaluating bony metastases from lung cancer. On the other hand, bone scans are more sensitive with higher positive predictive values than FDG-PET scans, but the differences were not statistically significant.     

恶性淋巴瘤MRI诊断

本文报道经MRI检查的恶性淋巴瘤10例，其中何杰金氏病1例，非何杰金氏淋巴瘤9例。发现侵及纵隔淋巴结5例，侵及肝脏3例，脾脏3例，肾脏2例，腹腔淋巴结3例。对比观察了X线检查和B超检查，探讨了MRI在诊断中的价值和限度。     

The results of histological and immunohistological studies of primary biopsies in 400 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the North-West region of Russia (according to WHO classification)

AIM: To determine relative frequency of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) variants according to WHO classification categories in the North-West of Russia by the data of the local pathomorphological department. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Four hundred consecutive untreated patients with NHL were diagnosed according to the WHO classification between January 2000 and October 2003 in the Regional Bureau of Pathology, St-Petersburg. The patients' age, gender, location of the biopsied tumor focus were considered. The immunohistochemical study was performed by the paraffin section-immunoperoxidase method. Cases of plasma cell myeloma and bone marrow trephine biopsy diagnosed neoplasms were excluded, the rest series of 377 cases was compared to other regional world series. RESULTS: B-cell lymphomas accounted for 79.6% and T-cell type for 20.4% of 377 NHL cases. 33.2% cases were different histological variants of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, 17.0% were B-cell small lymphocytic lymphomas, 11.0%--follicular lymphomas, 4.5%--mantle cell lymphomas, 2.1%--extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphomas (MALT-type), 1.9%--primary B-cell mediastinal lymphomas. Peripheral T-cell lymphomas, unspecified and anaplastic large T/null cell lymphomas were diagnosed in 6.4 and 4.2% of 377 cases, respectively. Other lymphoma diagnoses comprised 19.7%. CONCLUSION: Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas and B-cell small lymphocytic lymphomas are prevalent among B-cell neoplasms. Follicular lymphomas and mantle cell lymphomas are less common in the North-West of Russia compared to Europe and USA. The relative frequency of extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphomas (MALT-type) is lower and anaplastic large T/null cell lymphomas is higher than these in International Lymphoma Study Group, Taiwan and Japan series. This study provides evidence that the distribution pattern of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma subtypes in the North-West of Russia shows significant differences with those from the rest of the world.