某县免费孕前优生健康检查结果的分析

目的探讨孕前优生健康检查对发现导致不良妊娠结局的风险因素的积极作用。方法采用国家免费孕前优生健康检查项目技术服务要求,对3887份孕前优生健康检查《家庭档案》进行分析。结果 7774例接受孕前优生检查的夫妇,690例异常病史以男性吸烟、饮酒等不良生活习惯和女性不良妊娠史居多;高风险人群668例,女性占64.22%,其中不良妊娠史占34.46%,男、女乙型肝炎病毒感染占高风险人群的27.84%。861例获得妊娠结局,不良妊娠结局15例。不良妊娠结局中自然流产9例、治疗性引产5例,早产1例。结论孕前优生健康检查可以筛选高风险人群,发现可能发生出生缺陷的风险因素,降低不良妊娠结局的发生风险,计划怀孕夫妇参加检查和接受优生优育指导是非常必要的。     

3958例孕前优生健康检查结果分析

目的：探讨孕前优生健康检查的意义和方法。方法对高港区参加孕前优生健康检查的3958例育龄夫妇资料以及结果进行分析。结果接受孕前优生健康检查共3958例,筛查出高风险人群414例,高风险率10.46%。高风险的因素由高到低分别为乙肝两对半异常、女方年龄≥35周岁、不良妊娠结局、生活或者工作环境中接触噪音有机溶剂等不良环境、近亲结婚史、RH血型阴性。结论孕前优生健康检查可减少出生缺陷和不良妊娠结局,提高出生人口素质,促进优生优育有着十分重要的意义。     

孕前优生健康检查的临床应用效果评价

目的探讨孕前优生健康检查的临床应用效果。方法我院100例2017年1月至2018年1月孕前优生健康检查孕妇。随机分组,对照组未实施孕前优生健康检查,优生检查组则采取孕前优生健康检查。比较两组自然分娩率;妊娠孕周;自然流产率、出生缺陷发生率。结果优生检查组自然分娩率、妊娠孕周相比较对照组更好,P <0.05。优生检查组自然流产率、出生缺陷发生率低于对照组,P <0.05。优生检查组有1例自然流产,有0例出生缺陷。对照组有5例自然流产和1例出生缺陷。结论孕前优生健康检查孕前优生健康检查效果好,可降低自然流产率、出生缺陷发生率,提高自然分娩率。     

免费孕前优生健康检查中风险评估对优生的价值研究

目的了解朝阳县孕前检查人群中影响优生疾病及高风险因素,我们单位按照国家项目的检查内容,就可能的风险因素进行整理,初步统计出了我们地区孕前优生风险评估分类中一般人群和风险人群并做出相对应的指导。方法选取我院2015年1月1日至2016年12月31日共2200对符合标准参加免费孕前优生健康检查夫妇进行研究分析。结果女性检出各类疾病902人,生殖系统疾病540人,影响优生的高风险因素前几名分别是高龄、女性促甲状腺素异常、女性空血糖≥7.0mmol/L,吸烟、饮酒是影响优生的男性危险因素常见因素。结论孕前检查中发现的绝大部分危害生殖健康的因素可以通过孕前健康教育和检查而避免,及时发现风险因素并进行干预,把预防措施有效的落实在怀孕前,夫妻双方在身体、心理最佳健康状态下计划怀孕,所以,孕前优生健康检查对降低出生缺陷,提高人看素质有重大意义,值得推广。     

天祝藏族自治县孕前优生健康检查情况及分析

目的了解天祝藏族自治县孕前优生健康检查情况。方法分析本站参加孕前优生健康检查的2131对农村计划怀孕夫妇资料。结果共筛查出高风险人数478例,筛查率为11.22%。结论 积极开展孕前优生健康检查,对于降低出生缺陷率意义重大。     

孕前优生健康检查与妊娠结局的相关性研究分析

目的探讨孕前优生健康检查对降低出生缺陷、预防不良妊娠结局的影响。方法选取如皋市2016年～2017年期间有妊娠结局的18093对夫妇,其中6793对已参加孕前优生健康检查的作为检查组,11300对未参加孕前优生健康检查的作为对照组,系统分析两组夫妇的妊娠结局数据。结果①检查组的高风险人数共3118例,其中,女性高风险人数高于男性;②对照组人数高于检查组;③对照组早产及低体质量儿(50例)显著高于检查组(16例)(P<0.05);④对照组出生缺陷人数(95例)显著高于检查组(5例)(P<0.001);⑤对照组其他不良妊娠结局人数(1364例)显著高于检查组(390例)(P<0.001)。结论孕前优生健康检查、孕前健康教育及高危人群干预能有效的降低不良妊娠结局与出生缺陷的发生率,尚需进一步加强宣传力度,全面提高孕前优生健康检查的参查率。     

海宁市城区和农村孕前优生健康检查结果对比分析

目的：了解海宁市城区和农村计划怀孕夫妇孕前双方身体健康状况及疾病分布情况,以便有针对性地开展健康教育服务。方法对2013年1-12月海宁市符合国家生育政策且计划怀孕的城区1063对和农村2140对已婚育龄夫妇实施免费孕前优生健康检查,对比城区和农村夫妇自身和周围环境中存在的不良妊娠结局风险。结果孕前对怀孕存在高风险家庭占15.14%,对怀孕存在普通风险家庭占22.70%;计划怀孕家庭中城区总风险发生率为40.08%,农村为36.73%,城区略高于农村。城区夫妇有流产或孕育缺陷儿等不良妊娠结局史、性传播疾病、生殖系统疾病风险及风疹易感等风险因素高于农村夫妇;农村夫妇在肝功能异常、甲状腺功能异常和泌尿生殖系统感染方面高于城区夫妇。结论针对城区、农村开展不同的孕前优生健康检查工作模式,有针对性地提高孕前优生健康检查和风险评估水平,对提高人口素质有重要意义。     

2016年某市孕前优生健康体检人群的结果分析

目的了解乌鲁木齐市免费孕前优生健康检查夫妇健康现况,为规范指导计划怀孕夫妇健康教育和有效的治疗提供科学依据。方法2016年1月至2016年12月接受免费孕前优生健康检查1410对育龄夫妇,进行生育健康问卷调查和健康体检的横断面调查及统计分析孕前健康现况。结果乌鲁木齐地区风险人群为88.30%,高风险16.02%,低风险72.28%。主要女性高风险因素为生殖道感染、TSH异常及TORCH感染;男性为:乙型肝炎、尿常规及肝功异常。结论乌鲁木齐孕前优生检查异常检出率较高为16.02%,生殖道异常较多,应该加强干预,提高孕前优生检查的自觉性,对减少不良妊娠结局及提高出生人口素质有重要意义。     

孕前优生健康检查对降低不良妊娠结局的作用分析

目的研究分析孕前优生健康检查对降低不良妊娠结局的作用。方法选择2012年9月至2013年9月于我中心接受免费孕前优生健康检查的300对育龄夫妇为观察组,选取未进行孕前优生检查的有妊娠意愿的夫妇300对为对照组。对照组只对育龄妇女进行常规妇科检查,观察组则对夫妻双方实施孕前优生健康检查,对两组研究对象的早孕情况及妊娠结局进行追踪随访,对比两组不良妊娠结局的发生情况。结果观察组妊娠数138例,其中自然流产11例、早产及出生缺陷等1例,不良妊娠结局发生率8.69%;对照组妊娠数141例,自然流产29例、早产及出生缺陷等8例,不良妊娠结局发生率26.24%;观察组不良妊娠结局发生情况明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论通过孕前优生健康检查,可以降低不良妊娠结局的发生率,值得临床推荐。     

珠海市斗门区育龄夫妇孕前优生健康状况及风险评估

目的观察珠海市斗门区育龄夫妇孕前优生健康状况,对其存在可能引起不良妊娠结局因素进行风险评估并给予针对性咨询和优生指导。方法对本区域内计划半年内怀孕的夫妇进行病史询问、体格检查、实验室检查、妇科B超等孕前优生健康检查,然后进行综合分析,识别和评估可能导致不良妊娠结局的遗传、环境、行为等因素,并形成风险评估医学建议。结果共检查1600人,经评估未发现可能导致出生缺陷等不良妊娠结局风险因素的夫妇637人,占39．81％;发现一个或多个方面有异常的高风险人群963人,占60．19％。结论需要进一步加强优生知识的宣传教育,提高孕前优生健康检查或婚前检查比例,加大优生促进工程。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.