盐酸曲美他嗪对冠心病介入治疗术后心肌损伤的影响

目的:研究盐酸曲美他嗪对冠心病经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后相关心肌损伤的影响。方法:采取前瞻、随机、对照研究方法,随机将140例拟行PCI手术的不稳定型心绞痛患者分为曲美他嗪组和对照组。经冠状动脉造影后最终入选108例患者成功行PCI术,其中曲美他嗪组56例,对照组52例。两组患者均服用常规药物,曲美他嗪组在此基础上于术前2 h一次性口服曲美他嗪60 mg,PCI术前和术后6 h,24 h分别采取静脉血测定心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(c Tn I)浓度。结果:两组术前c Tn I水平无差异(P>0.05);术后曲美他嗪组低于对照组(P<0.05);曲美他嗪组升高的幅度明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:PCI术前口服负荷剂量曲美他嗪可以有效减轻PCI术中相关心肌损伤,并能对心肌有保护作用。     

曲美他嗪与尼可地尔对PCI治疗相关心肌损伤干预作用的比较

目的 探讨曲美他嗪与尼可地尔对经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗相关心肌损伤干预作用。方法 将行PCI的不稳定型心绞痛患者70例随机分为对照组、曲美他嗪组和尼可地尔组,分别采用不同药物治疗,比较心肌损伤相关指标水平。结果 术前3组CK-MB、IcTnI水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);3组术后6、12、24小时CK-MB与cTnI水平显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);曲美他嗪组与尼可地尔组患者术后MPV水平降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);曲美他嗪组与尼可地尔组术后CK-MB、cTnI水平较对照组显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但曲美他嗪组与尼可地尔组患者术后CK-MB与cTnI水平进行比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 PCI术前使用曲美他嗪与尼可地尔,可减少PCI引起的心肌损伤,发挥心肌保护的作用。     

曲美他嗪联合阿托伐他汀对不稳定型心绞痛患者介入术后的影响

目的 探讨曲美他嗪联合阿托伐他汀对不稳定型心绞痛(UA)患者介入术后的影响.方法 选取经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)治疗的UA患者240例,随机分为联合治疗组、曲美他嗪组及阿托伐他汀组,测定术后24 h高敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肌酸肌酶同工酶(CK-MB)及肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)水平.结果 曲美他嗪联合阿托伐他汀...     

应用曲美他嗪对经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的影响

目的探讨经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(Percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)术前应用曲美他嗪对术中心肌缺血的影响。方法选择不稳定型心绞痛患者94例随机分为两组,常规治疗基础上,术前加服曲美他嗪行PCI术46例为实验组,48例行PCI术为对照组。观察两组患者术中ST段抬高或降低最大幅度,球囊扩张到ST段抬高或降低1mm的平均时间,发生心绞痛的例数及术后肌钙蛋白I的阳性率。结果PCI术中ST段抬高或降低最大幅度,球囊扩张到ST段抬高或降低1mm的平均时间,发生心绞痛的例数以及术后肌钙蛋白I阳性率两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论PCI术前应用曲美他嗪具有明确的抗心肌缺血和心肌保护作用。     

曲美他嗪联合阿托伐他汀对经皮冠状动脉介入治疗病人的心脏保护作用

目的:探讨术前给予常规剂量的阿托伐他汀和曲美他嗪对经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)病人围手术期心肌损伤的影响。方法:将323例欲行PCI的急性冠状动脉综合征病人随机分为对照组(162例)和试验组(161例)。对照组给予常规剂量阿托伐他汀钙片(20 mg/次,1次/晚),试验组给予常规剂量阿托伐他汀钙片加服盐酸曲美他嗪(20 mg/次,tid),治疗3 d;随后分别行PCI。测定PCI术前及术后24 h的血清肌酸激酶-MB同工酶(CK-MB)、心脏肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)浓度和髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性,随访PCI后4周时病人的左室射血分数。结果:试验组病人PCI术后24 h的cTnI水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05),MPO活性升高值明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组病人在术后24 h的CK-MB活性和hs-CRP水平变化无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:术前3 d给予常规剂量的阿托伐他汀和曲美他嗪联合治疗,对PCI围手术期病人的心肌损伤具有一定的保护作用。     

曲美他嗪联合替格瑞洛治疗不稳定型心绞痛临床疗效分析

目的:探讨不稳定型心绞痛患者应用曲美他嗪联合替格瑞洛治疗的临床疗效。方法:择某院在2016年9月～2017年9月接收的40例不稳定型心绞痛患者分为两组各20例,对照组给予基础药物治疗,实验组基于对照组给予替格瑞洛联合曲美他嗪治疗,对比两组患者临床有效率及临床症状。结果:对照组治疗后临床有效率70.00%低于实验组85.00%(P<0.05),实验组治疗后心电图ST段较对照组改善更为明显(P<0.05);实验组LVEDD较对照组治疗后明显降低、LVEF显著升高(P<0.05);实验组治疗后心绞痛发作次数以及时间均较对照组明显减少(P<0.05)。结论:联合应用曲美他嗪与替格瑞洛治疗不稳定型心绞痛,临床疗效显著,可明显改善患者心绞痛次数,缩短发作时间。     

曲美他嗪联合阿托伐他汀对不稳定心绞痛患者介入术后的影响

目的探讨不稳定型心绞痛患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术（PCI）前服用曲美他嗪和阿托伐他汀对术后心肌保护作用。方法 357例行PCI治疗的患者随机分为3组：联合治疗组120例（曲美他嗪20 mg、3次/d,术前30 min60 mg;阿托伐他汀40 mg、每晚1次,疗程7d,术前12 h 80 mg）,阿托伐他汀组117例（阿托伐他汀40 mg、每晚1次,疗程7 d,术前12 h 80 mg）,曲美他嗪组120例（曲美他嗪20 mg、3次/d,术前30 min 60 mg）。测定3组患者术后24 h肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）、肌酸肌酶同工酶（CK-MB）、高敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）水平。结果联合治疗组术后CK-MB〉参考值上限2倍的例数、cTnI阳性例数、hs-CRP水平分别为10（8.33%）、19（15.83%）、（3.72±1.01）mg/L,较阿托伐他汀组19（16.24%）、26（22.22%）、（4.47±1.26）mg/L、曲美他嗪组30（25.00%）、38（31.67%）、（6.33±1.28）mg/L显著减少（P值均〈0.05）。结论曲美他嗪联合阿托伐他汀能够使不稳定性心绞痛PCI术后心肌损伤减少、hs-CRP水平显著下降,较两种药物单用更好地保护心肌、抑制炎症反应,有利于减少PCI术后心脏事件的发生。     

经皮冠状动脉介入术前负荷剂量瑞舒伐他汀治疗对急性冠脉综合征患者血清水溶性凝集素样氧化低密度脂蛋白受体-1及左室射血分数的影响

目的探讨经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)术前给予非ST段抬高急性冠脉综合征(NSTEACS)患者负荷剂量的瑞舒伐他汀对患者血清水溶性凝集素样氧化低密度脂蛋白受体-1(sLOX-1)及左室射血分数的影响。方法将72例NSTEACS患者随机分为负荷治疗组33例和对照组39例,对照组给予PCI术前基础治疗,负荷治疗组在基础治疗同时于PCI术前12 h顿服瑞舒伐他汀20 mg,术前2 h再追加瑞舒伐他汀20 mg。所有患者于术前、术后24 h及术后30 d抽取静脉血,检测患者血清sLOX-1、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肌酸激酶MB(CK-MB)、心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、脑利钠肽(BNP)等水平;两组患者于术前及术后30 d通过超声心动图观察左室射血分数(LVEF)的变化。结果与术前比较,两组患者PCI术后24 h血清hs-CRP、sLOX-1均明显升高(P<0.05),心肌损伤标准物CK-MB、cTnI亦明显升高(P<0.01);但负荷治疗组hs-CRP、sLOX-1、CK-MB、cTnI升高水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05);术后30 d负荷治疗组血清hs-CRP、sLOX-1仍显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。与术前比较,两组患者血清总胆固醇及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平在术后24 h均未见明显变化(P>0.05),术后30 d出现显著下降(P<0.05),但两组之间比较未见显著差异。与对照组比较,负荷治疗组在术后30 d LVEF显著提高(P<0.05)。结论 NSTEACS患者PCI术前负荷剂量瑞舒伐他汀能明显减少PCI术后sLOX-1水平,减轻患者的心肌损伤及炎性反应,提高患者LVEF,且其独立于他汀类药物的调脂作用。     

曲美他嗪联合阿伐他汀对不稳定型心绞痛患者介入术后的影响研究

目的研究曲美他嗪联合阿伐他汀对不稳定型心绞痛患者介入术后的影响。方法选择2010年9月至2012年9月进行PCI术的不稳定型心绞痛患者150例,将入选患者随机分为3组:曲美他嗪组、阿托伐他汀组和联合治疗组,每组50例。比较3组患者在术前、术后2d以及术后30d的高敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)以及白介素18(IL-8)水平的变化。结果所有患者PCI术均顺利完成,无并发症的发生。术后30d3组hs-CRP和cTnI浓度与术后2d比较明显下降(P<0.05);术后30d联合治疗组的hs-CRP和cTnI浓度明显小于曲美他嗪组和阿托伐他汀组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),曲美他嗪组和阿托伐他汀组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论曲美他嗪联合阿伐他汀治疗可以显著降低不稳定型心绞痛患者PCI术后炎性反应,保护心肌细胞,减少近期心血管事件的发生,改善患者预后。     

IMA早期诊断结合介入治疗在UAP中的临床应用研究

目的通过观察不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)患者在经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术(PCI)前后血清中的缺血性修饰白蛋白(IMA)、心肌肌钙蛋白(cTnI)及肌酸激酶同功酶(CK-MB)的浓度变化,探讨IMA在UAP早期诊断与治疗中的作用,为临床UAP的早期诊断与治疗提供客观依据。方法 43例研究对象均选自诊断为UAP的住院且在住院期间再次出现胸痛发作患者,其中26例为行PCI治疗的冠心病患者(研究组),同时以17例仅行诊断性冠脉造影的患者为对照组,两组患者均于术前术后0.5、6、12 h采集血样测定IMA、cTnI及CK-MB的浓度,详细记录研究组患者术中的球囊扩张的压力、时间、次数,植入支架的部位和数目,术中、术后1 d的心电图变化。结果研究组有24例患者的IMA在术后0.5 h较术前明显升高(P0.05),术后6 h开始下降,术后12 h逐渐恢复至基线水平;而cTnI在术前、术后0.5、6 h的变化不明显,有17例患者于术后12 h升高,与其他时间段相比较差异有显著性(P0.05),但其CK-MB于术前及术后各时间点的变化不明显(P0.05),未见升高患者。而对照组患者术前、术后各时间点的IMA、cTnI及CK-MB的变化均不明显(P0.05)。结论 PCI术会导致心肌发生缺血缺氧损伤,且IMA在PCI术后迅速升高,且比cTnl和CK-MB的出现要早;IMA的升高与术中球囊扩张的总压力、持续时间、扩张次数呈正相关。即IMA可作为早期及PCI术后诊断UAP的一个心肌标志物。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an opinion paper

The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.