高血压合并冠心病应用氨氯地平阿托伐他汀钙片治疗的临床分析

目的:分析高血压合并冠心病应用氨氯地平阿托伐他汀钙片治疗的临床效果.方法:选取我科室收治的300例高血压合并冠心病患者,将其按照不同的治疗方法平均分成对照组与观察组各150例,对照组应用硝苯地平缓释片治疗,观察组应用氨氯地平阿托伐他汀钙片治疗,对比两组临床效果.结果:治疗后,观察组的总有效率为94.0%,对照组的总有效率为81.3%,两组差异显著,有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组的不良反应发生率为8.0%,对照组的不良反应发生率为16.7%,两组差异显著,有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:高血压合并冠心病应用氨氯地平阿托伐他汀钙片治疗的临床效果显著,不良反应发生率较小,值得推广.     

阿托伐他汀钙片强化治疗对老年冠心病合并高脂血症疗效及安全性的影响

目的 探讨阿托伐他汀钙片强化治疗对老年冠心病合并高脂血症患者的疗效及安全性的影响.方法 选择2015年1月~2016年6月收治的108例老年冠心病合并高脂血症患者为研究对象,随机分为观察组及对照组每组54例.两组均给予阿托伐他汀钙片口服治疗,对照组1日20mg,观察组1日40mg,两组均以12周为观察疗程.比较两组患者血脂水平、临床疗效及不良反应.结果 两组患者实际完成研究分别为51例.观察组治疗后与对照组对比,TC、TG及LDL-C显著下降(P<0.01),HDL-C显著上升(P<0.01);观察组总有效率94.12%,明显优于对照组78.43%(P<0.01);两组不良反应无明显差异(7.84%vs 5.88%,P>0.05).结论 阿托伐他汀钙片强化治疗老年冠心病合并高脂血症患者可有效改善血脂水平,增强疗效,且具有良好的安全性.     

阿托伐他汀治疗冠心病合并高脂血症的临床疗效分析

目的探讨阿托伐他汀治疗冠心病合并高脂血症的临床疗效。方法选取我院门诊收治的60例冠心病合并高脂血症的患者,采用随机分组的方法分为两组,对照组30例给予常规治疗和试验组30例在对照组基础上给予阿托伐他汀口服。6周后比较两组患者的临床疗效和血脂水平。结果试验组患者治疗总有效率(93%)优于对照组患者(80%),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);试验组患者治疗后血清总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)明显低于治疗前和对照组患者,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)上升,与治疗前和对照组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论阿托伐他汀治疗冠心病合并高脂血症能够有效的降低血脂,安全性高,临床疗效显著,值得临床上推广。     

阿托伐他汀联合非诺贝特治疗混合型高脂血症52例

目的探讨阿托伐他汀联合非诺贝特治疗混合型高脂血症的临床疗效及其安全性。方法将104例混合型高脂血症患者随机分为观察组和对照组各52例,观察组采用阿托伐他汀联合非诺贝特治疗,对照组采用阿托伐他汀治疗,比较两组的临床效果及不良反应。结果观察组总有效率86.54%(45/52),对照组总有效率69.23%(36/52),两组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05);两组患者的TC、TG、LDL-C及HDL-C的水平与治疗前比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05),组间比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论阿托伐他汀联合非诺贝特治疗混合型高脂血症具有协同作用,能有效提高调脂效果,且安全性高,值得临床推广。     

阿托伐他汀钙片对冠心病合并高脂血症调脂疗效分析

目的：研究和分析阿托伐他汀钙片对冠心病合并高脂血症调脂疗效。方法：选取2015年3月～2016年3月我院收治的78例冠心病合并高脂血症患者作为研究对象,按照随机原则分成观察组和对照组,每组39例,两组进行常规的基础治疗,在此基础上,对照组采用血脂康片进行治疗,观察组采用阿托伐他汀钙片进行治疗,观察和对比两组血脂改善情况。结果：治疗后,两组血脂有所改善,观察组改善的程度明显优于对照组（P<0.05）;观察组治疗的有效率为97.44%,而对照组治疗的有效率为79.49%,两组对比差异明显（P<0.05）;观察组不良反应发生率为12.80%,对照组不良反应发生率为10.26%,两组对比没有明显的差异（P>0.05）。结论：对于冠心病合并高脂血症在常规对症治疗的基础上增加阿托伐他汀钙片治疗效果显著,可以有效地改善患者的血脂,值得临床推广。     

不同剂量阿托伐他汀治疗冠心病的效果评价

目的探究不同剂量阿托伐他汀治疗冠心病的临床应用效果。方法选取2016年4月至2017年4月在我院接受治疗的78例冠心病患者,其中39例患者使用小剂量阿托伐他汀,作为对照组,39例患者使用使用大剂量阿托伐他汀,作为观察组,比较两组患者临床应用效果。结果与对照组相比,观察组患者治疗总有效率为92.31%,显著提高(P<0.05);观察组患者血脂指标、心功能显著优于对照组(P<0.05);与对照组相比,观察组不良反应发生率为5.13%,显著降低(P<0.05)。结论选择大剂量阿托伐他汀治疗冠心病,患者临床症状明显改善,减少了不良反应的发生,具有推广价值。     

氨氯地平联合阿托伐他汀治疗高血压合并冠心病的价值研究

目的研究氨氯地平联合阿托伐他汀治疗高血压合并冠心病的价值。方法选择我院2011年3月至2012年3月92例高血压合并冠心病患者随机分为两组,观察组46例患者给予氨氯地平联合阿托伐他汀治疗,对照组46例患者给予硝苯地平控释片治疗,观察治疗前后两组患者血压、心绞痛改善情况、硝酸甘油片使用量、心电图改变情况以及不良反应发生率等。结果治疗前两组SBP、DBP比较差异无显著性,无统计学意义P>0.05。治疗后两组血压均较治疗前降低,但对照组降低幅度明显小于观察组,观察组显效31例,有效12例,无效3例,总有效率为93.48%;对照组显效21例,有效12例,总有效率为71.74%,心绞痛发作次数较对照组少,两组治疗效果比较差异具有显著性,有统计学意义P<0.05。结论氨氯地平联合阿托伐他汀片治疗高血压合并冠心病疗效显著,建议临床推广应用。     

探讨不同剂量阿托伐他汀在冠心病治疗中的不良反应

目的探讨不同剂量阿托伐他汀在冠心病治疗中的不良反应。方法将收集到的100例冠心病患者随机分为对照组和观察组两组,所有患者均给予阿托伐他汀进行治疗,对照组采用的剂量为20 mg/d,观察组则采用的剂量为40 mg/d。观察两组效果。结果观察组患者经治疗后TC、TG、LDL-C及HDL-C指标均明显改善,相比对照组改善情况更为明显(P<0.05);观察组显效率和总有效率均显著高于对照组且差异显著(P<0.05);对照组不良反应发生率为28.00%,与观察组26.00%相比较高且P>0.05无统计学意义。结论对冠心病患者采用不同剂量的阿托伐他汀均能有效改善患者血脂指标,剂量越高,患者治疗效果越明显,但不同剂量的阿托伐他汀在冠心病治疗中不良反应没有明显影响,需根据患者实际患病程度采用合适剂量。     

瑞舒伐他汀与阿托伐他汀对冠心病患者的降脂疗效比较

目的对比瑞舒伐他汀与阿托伐他汀对冠心病患者的降脂疗效。方法选取2015年1月至2017年1月在我院就诊的180例冠心病患者,随机分为观察组(瑞舒伐他汀)和对照组(阿托伐他汀)各90例。对比两组降脂疗效。结果观察组总有效率95.56%(86/90),与对照组总有效率84.44%(76/90)比较,显著升高(P<0.05)。治疗后两组血脂(LDL-C、HDL-C、TC和TG)水平与治疗前比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05),且观察组LDL-C、TC和TG水平与对照组比较,显著降低(P<0.05),HDL-C水平与对照组比较,显著升高(P<0.05)。观察组不良反应发生率10.00%(9/90),与对照组不良反应发生率12.22%(11/90)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论瑞舒伐他汀对冠心病患者的降脂效果优于阿托伐他汀,且安全性良好,值得临床推广。     

氨氯地平阿托伐他汀钙片治疗高血压合并冠心病的临床价值

目的探讨氨氯地平阿托伐他汀钙片治疗高血压合并冠心病的临床价值。方法选取自2011年2月至2012年2月我院收治的高血压合并冠心病患者86例,并将86例患者随机分为观察组和对照组43例,观察组患者采用氨氯地平阿托伐他汀钙片治疗,对照组采用硝苯地平控释片治疗,周期均为4周,观察两组的临床效果。结果两组患者的血压均有所下降,与治疗前相比差异明显(P<0.05);观察组与对照组降压效果相比差异明显(P<0.05);观察组心绞痛改善总有效率为90.7%;对照组心绞痛改善总有效率为81.4%,两组比较差异显著(P<0.05)。结论采用氨氯地平阿托伐他汀钙片治疗高血压合并冠心病的临床效果明显,安全性高,值得临床推广。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.