哈萨克族大学生自我接纳、社交焦虑与自尊三者间的相关性

目的:了解哈萨克族大学生社交焦虑、自我接纳与自尊间的关系,为哈萨克族大学生心理健康干预、身心健康发展提供支持。方法:在新疆4所高校随机抽取1006名哈萨克族大学生采用自我接纳问卷、自尊量表和社交回避与苦恼量表进行问卷调查,并对结果进行统计分析。结果:哈萨克族大学男生的自我接纳和自尊得分高于女生,并且存在统计学差异(t=3.569,4.267;P0.01)。社交苦恼、社交回避和社交焦虑总分男生均低于女生,并且也存在统计学差异(t=-2.162,-2.258,-2.417;P0.01)。城市哈萨克族大学生自尊得分低于农村学生,社交回避和社交焦虑总分农村学生高于城市学生得分,并且均存在统计学差异(t=-8.49,-2.58;P0.05)。年级方面除了自尊不同年级学生得分存在统计学差异外(t=10.99,P0.01),其他方面得分差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。哈萨克族大学生自我接纳与自尊存在正相关关系(r=0.593,P0.01);社交苦恼和社交焦虑总分与社交回避呈现正相关关系(r=0.692,0.918;P0.01)。回归方程显示,自尊在自我接纳与社交焦虑总分及各维度间存在中介作用。结论:哈萨克族大学生社交焦虑、自我接纳、自尊间存在密切联系,并且自尊在社交焦虑和自我接纳之间起到中介作用。     

社会支持在情侣依恋与生活满意度关系中的中介作用

目的:考察香港大学生情侣依恋和生活满意度的关系,及社会支持对情侣依恋与生活满意度的中介效应。方法:采用方便取样,选取香港某大学生153名。用亲密关系经历量表、生活满意度量表(SWLS)和社会支持量表(SSQ)测查。结果:女生SSQ得分高于男生,而亲密关系经历量表的依恋回避维度得分低于男生。依恋回避、依恋焦虑得分均与SSQ、SWLS得分呈负相关(r=-0.69,-0.22,-0.24,-0.29;P<0.05),SSQ得分与SWLS得分呈正相关(r=0.28;P<0.05)。社会支持对情侣依恋和生活满意度有部分中介效应(△R2=0.15,P<0.01)。结论:大学生的情侣依恋与其生活满意度直接相关,并通过所获得的社会支持间接与生活满意度相关。     

大学生依恋现状及其与归因方式、应对方式

目的研究大学生依恋总体状态,进一步探索依恋与归因方式、应对方式的关系。方法采用亲密关系经历量表、简易应对方式问卷和归因方式问卷对271名大学生进行调查分析。结果①大学生依恋类型由多到少依次为恐惧型、冷淡型、专注型、安全型;②专业和年级不影响大学生依恋;女生依恋回避得分显著高于男生(t=-2.43,P0.05),男生依恋焦虑得分显著高于女生(t=2.39,P0.05);无恋爱经历的大学生依恋回避得分显著高于有恋爱经历的大学生(t=-4.75,P0.001);③回归分析表明,依恋和归因方式对应对方式有一定的预测作用。结论大学生依恋总体质量不高,依恋、归因方式、应对方式之间存在密切关系。     

大学生自尊在自我客体化与外表焦虑间的中介作用

目的:探讨大学生自我客体化与外表焦虑、自尊的关系,为开展心理健康教育提供依据。方法:采用身体监视量表、外表焦虑量表和自尊量表对广西壮族自治区5所高校随机抽取的400名大学本科生(男生148人、女生252人)进行调查研究。结果:大学生自我客体化与外表焦虑呈显著正相关(r=0.28,P0.01)、与自尊呈显著负相关(r=-0.13,P0.01),大学生自尊与外表焦虑呈显著负相关(r=-0.36,P0.01);自我客体化可正向预测外表焦虑(β=0.28,P0.001),自我客体化可负向预测自尊(β=-0.13,P0.01);自尊在自我客体化与外表焦虑关系中的中介效应大小为0.043(P0.05),中介效应的95%置信区间为[0.006,0.092],中介效应占总效应的15.36%。结论:大学生自尊在自我客体化与外表焦虑关系中起部分中介作用。     

大学生的嫉妒体验及与依恋的关系

目的:探讨大学生的嫉妒体验与依恋的关系。方法:在四川某省属高校选取大学生428名(男生225名,女生203名,年龄17~23岁),采用Bringle自陈嫉妒量表(BSJS,包括爱情嫉妒和社会嫉妒2个维度)、关系问卷(RQ)、亲密关系经历问卷(ECR,包含依恋焦虑与依恋回避2个维度)分别测量嫉妒体验、依恋类型(安全型、恐惧型、专注型、回避型)和依恋风格。结果:大学生BSJS得分为(2.8±0.6),女生高于男生(P0.001),大二学生高于其他年级学生(P0.01)。回归分析显示,性别、依恋回避、依恋焦虑对爱情嫉妒有预测作用(β=-0.24、-0.19、0.32,均P0.01),年级、性别、专业、依恋焦虑对社会嫉妒有预测作用(β=0.24、-0.17、0.19、0.20,均P0.05)。结论:嫉妒在大学生中常见,嫉妒与依恋密切相关,爱情嫉妒和社会嫉妒可能是不同类型的嫉妒。     

青少年依恋、完美主义和心理健康的关系

目的:了解青少年依恋、完美主义和心理健康之间的关系.方法:采用亲密关系经历量表(ECR)中文版、大学生一般完美主义量表和自测健康评定量表(SRHMS)测量186名青少年.结果:在乎缺点与依恋焦虑呈显著正相关(r=0.211,P<0.01),与依恋回避呈显著正相关(r=0.205,P<0.01),与心理健康呈显著负相关(r=-0.485,P<0.001);心理健康与依恋焦虑呈显著负相关(r=-0.225,P<0.01),与依恋回避呈显著负相关(r=-0.213,P<0.01);不同依恋类型个体在在乎缺点(F=4.521,P=0.004)和心理健康(F=3.009,P=0.032)方面存在显著差异;在控制在乎缺点这一变量后,依恋焦虑、依恋回避与心理健康的相关不显著.结论:在乎缺点在依恋和心理健康关系之间关系中发挥着完全中介作用.     

中学生依恋、自我分化与攻击性行为的关系

目的:探讨中学生父母同伴依恋、自我分化与攻击性行为的关系。方法:选取314名中学生,采用父母同伴依恋问卷(IPPA-R)测量父子依恋、母子依恋和同伴依恋,自我分化量表(DSI-R)测量自我分化,攻击性问卷(AQ)测量攻击性行为。结果:IPPA-R的各因子得分与DSI-R得分均呈正相关(r=0.19～0.23,均P0.01);IPPA-R的母子依恋、同伴依恋得分与AQ得分均呈负相关(r=-0.31、-0.19;均P0.01);DSI-R得分与AQ得分呈负相关(r=-0.57,P0.001);DSI-R的4个因子得分对AQ得分均有负向预测作用(β=-0.36～-0.12,均P0.05);自我分化在母子依恋与攻击性行为间起部分中介作用,中介效应占总效应比例为29.3%,在同伴依恋与攻击性行为间起完全中介作用。结论:中学生的自我分化水平可预测其攻击性行为;自我分化可能是母子依恋、同伴依恋影响其攻击性行为的中介变量。     

大学生人际问题与依恋风格及状态焦虑和自尊的关系

目的:探讨大学生人际问题与依恋风格的关系，以及状态焦虑和自尊在两者关系间的作用。方法:选取大学生484人(男198人，女286人),采用人际问题量表简短版(IIP-32)、亲密关系经历量表(ECR)、状态-特质焦虑量表(STAI)的状态焦虑分量表、Rosenberg自尊量表(SES)分别测量人际问题、依恋回避/依恋焦虑风格、状态焦虑、自尊水平。结果:女生的IIP-32竞争及SES得分均高于男生，而IIP-32不自信、依恋焦虑得分均低于男生(均P<0.05)。依恋回避、依恋焦虑得分均与IIP-32总分正向关联(β=0.22、0.12);状态焦虑在依恋回避与人际问题的关系中起部分中介作用(β=0.23、0.09);自尊在依恋回避和状态焦虑的关系中起调节作用(β=-0.09)。结论:大学生的人际问题与依恋风格相关，而状态焦虑在两者的关系间起中介作用，自尊能调节依恋回避与状态焦虑的关系。     

大学生成人依恋与人际交往效能感的关系

目的:探讨大学生的成人依恋与人际交往效能感的关系。方法:采用亲密关系经历量表(ECR)和人际交往效能感量表对280名大学生进行测试。结果:1大学生依恋类型分布不均衡,其中比例最高的是恐惧型(44.6%),其次是冷漠型(26.1%),安全型(15%)和专注型(14.3%)比例较低;2城镇学生的依恋回避分数显著低于农村学生(t=-2.304,P0.05),独生子女的依恋回避分数显著低于非独生子女(t=-3.492,P0.01);城镇学生的人际交往效能感显著高于农村学生(t=2.408,P0.05),独生子女的人际交往效能感显著高于非独生子女(t=2.393,P0.01);3依恋回避与亲合效能、自我印象效能、利他效能、沟通效能、自我价值感、情绪控制效能负相关(r=-0.251,-0.326,-0.160,-0.381,-0.229,-0.214;P0.01),依恋焦虑与自我印象效能、自我价值感效能和情绪控制效能负相关(r=-0.279,-0.249,-0.347,P0.01),与亲合效能、利他效能和沟通效能不相关(r=-0.103,-0.076,-0.078;P0.05);4不同依恋类型的大学生人际交往效能感存在显著差异(F=15.431,P0.01),其中安全型高于恐惧型、专注型和冷漠型,冷漠型高于恐惧型(P0.01);5依恋焦虑和依恋回避能够预测人际交往效能感(R2=0.221,P0.001)。结论:成人依恋影响大学生的人际交往效能感。     

情绪管理在大学生亲子依恋和交往焦虑间的中介作用

目的探讨情绪管理在大学生亲子依恋和交往焦虑间的中介作用。方法对唐山某高校347例在校大学生采用问卷调查方式,通过亲子依恋量表、交往焦虑量表和情绪管理量表的得分来评定依恋程度、焦虑程度和情绪管理。结果通过大学生交往焦虑单因素分析,在不同专业和性别的大学生交往焦虑方面得分差异无统计学意义,师生关系和同学关系较好的大学生交往焦虑得分小于关系一般者和较差者(F=3.673,3.984;P0.05);大学生在父母总依恋、母依恋和父依恋与交往焦虑均为负相关(r=-0.181,-0.148,-0.165;P0.05);交往焦虑总分与情绪管理为负相关(P0.05);父母总依恋、母依恋和父依恋与情绪管理为正相关(r=0.373,0.397,0.358;P0.05);情绪管理在亲子依恋对交往焦虑中起到中介效应。结论情绪管理在亲子依恋对交往焦虑中起到中介效应,显著减少大学生社会交往焦虑的水平。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.     

A comparative study of the effects of dimebon,obsidan, finoptin,and cordaron on the functional state of ischemic focus and size of necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction

Dimebon, an antihistamine agent, exerts a moderate antianginal effect, improving the function of ischemic focus in the myocardium and decreasing the necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction. Dimebon is less active than obsidan, finoptin (except for the size of the necrotic zone), and cordaron. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 12, pp. 642–644, December, 1996     

Effects of sex steroid hormones on lipid peroxidation and glutathione antioxidant system in rat skin

Effects of estradiol and testosterone on the intensity of lipid peroxidation and contents of glutathione redox system components in the dermis and epidermis of rat skin were studied. Only estradiol induced considerable dose-dependent and tissue-specific biphasic antioxidant effects on the skin. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 12, pp. 663–666, December, 1999     

Adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells on surface-modified PEEK substrata

A series of surface-functionalized poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) films has been prepared by selective wet-chemistry; they are hydroxylated polymer (PEEK-OH) obtained by reduction, aminated polymer (PEEK-[]-NH2) prepared by coupling a diisocyanate reagent to PEEKOH (PEEK-[]-NCO) followed by hydrolysis, and carboxylated and aminocarboxylated polymers (PEEK-[]-GABA and PEEK-Lysine) resulting from the coupling of aminoacids to PEEK-[]-NCO. The aminated and carboxylated substrata promoted the adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells in the presence of serum. Fibronectin (FN), an extra-cellular matrix protein, has been covalently fixed and/or adsorbed on various PEEK substrata, in the presence or not of a polymeric surfactant (Pluronic F68). The performances of the FN-grafted substrata (PEEK-[]-FN(1) and PEEK-[]-FN(2)) were significantly higher than those of reference substrata simply coated with FN (PEEK-OH(+FN)(1) and (2), PEEK-[]-NH2(+FN)(1) and (2)), considering the adhesion and spreading of CaCo2 cells in the absence of serum. Moreover, the stability of the adherent cells on the FN-adsorbed substrata dramatically depended on the experimental conditions applied during the PEEK coating with FN.     

THE ODYSSEY – A JUNGIAN PERSPECTIVE: INDIVIDUATION AND MEETING WITH THE ARCHETYPES OF THE COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS

Homer's epic tale of the 20-year return of Odysseus from the Trojan War is investigated with particular reference to Jung's theory of individuation. Odysseus' meetings with 'the anima' in the form of goddesses, sirens and female monsters and his visit to Hades demonstrate the confrontation and humanization of aspects of the archetypal level of the psyche, central to Jung's theories of psychic growth and development. Jung's important ideas of the psychoid level and the transcendent function are explored and linked both to his investigations into medieval alchemy and with findings from contemporary neuroscience. The importance of Jung's constructive method of the interpretation of dreams and myths is shown to be central.