超声刀经胸乳入路腔镜下行甲状腺癌根治术疗效及安全性分析

目的探讨超声刀经胸乳入路腔镜下行甲状腺癌根治术的临床疗效及安全性。方法按就诊顺序编号将我院2012年2月~2014年2月收治的48例甲状腺癌患者分为对照组(24例)和观察组(24例),其中对照组行传统开放手术治疗,观察组采用超声刀经胸乳入路腔镜下行甲状腺癌根治术治疗,比较两组患者的临床治疗效果。结果两种术式的手术时间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);对照组的术中出血量多于观察组,术后引流时间和住院时间长于观察组,并发症发生率也高于观察组,比较差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);术后疼痛评分显示,观察组术后第1天和第3天的疼痛评分均低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),两组患者第5天的疼痛评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论采用超声刀经胸乳入路腔镜下行甲状腺癌根治术可缩短术后引流及住院时间,降低并发症发生率,同时对患者的创伤较小,术后疼痛较轻,值得临床借鉴和推广。     

两种入路方式在早期甲状腺癌腔镜手术中的应用效果及对患者美观满意度的影响

目的 探讨早期甲状腺癌腔镜手术中经腋窝入路与经胸乳入路的临床价值.方法 选取2019年9月～2020年10月收治的86例早期甲状腺癌患者,以随机数字表法分为对照组43例,观察组43例,两组均接受腔镜手术治疗,观察组经腋窝入路,对照组经胸乳入路,对两组手术及术后恢复情况,术后疼痛程度,并发症发生情况及患者美观满意度予以观察.结果 两组手术时间、淋巴结清扫数比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),观察组术中出血量、术后引流量与对照组比较,明显较少,术后住院时间与对照组比较,明显较短(P<0.05);两组术后1、4、12周颈部视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分及术后12周胸前部VAS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),观察组术后1、4周胸前部VAS评分与同期对照组比较,明显较低(P<0.05);观察组并发症发生率为4.65％,与对照组6.98％比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组患者美观满意率为90.70％,与对照组72.09％比较,明显较高(P<0.05).结论 早期甲状腺癌腔镜手术中,经腋窝入路与经胸乳入路均为安全、有效入路方式,但前者出血量更少、术后恢复更快、术后胸前部疼痛更轻,且患者美观满意度更高,更值得推广.     

经胸乳途径全腔镜下甲状腺手术的临床运用

目的探究经胸乳途径全腔镜下甲状腺手术的临床应用效果。方法随机抽取所在医院2013年4月至2015年12月收治的60例甲状腺手术患者作为观察对象,根据患者手术入路方法进行分组,观察组患者经胸乳途径全腔镜下开展手术治疗,对照组患者则经乳晕入路全腔镜下实施治疗,比较2组患者手术治疗情况。结果观察组患者术中出血量、手术时间、住院时间均明显比对照组短,2组差显著(P<0.05)。结论经胸乳途径全腔镜下甲状腺手术,临床效果显著,能够显著减少患者手术时间及住院时间,同时减少术中出血量,对预防和减少术后并发症具有显著影响,值得临床推广。     

经胸乳入路腔镜甲状腺切除术在早期甲状腺癌治疗中的应用价值分析

目的探讨经胸乳入路腔镜甲状腺切除术在早期甲状腺乳头状癌治疗中的临床应用价值。方法选取2011年6月~2013年6月45例早期甲状腺乳头状癌患者,分为研究组与对照组,研究组患者经胸乳入路腔镜甲状腺手术治疗,对照组则予以传统开放甲状腺手术,分析对比两组患者的治疗效果。结果两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、术后住院时间的对比差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),均未出现严重并发症。结论经胸乳入路腔镜甲状腺手术在治疗早期甲状腺癌时疗效与开放性甲状腺手术相当,且不会在颈部产生明显瘢痕影响美观,具有安全性、可行性,临床推广应用价值较高。     

经腋窝入路腔镜甲状腺手术的临床研究

目的 分析经腋窝入路腔镜甲状腺手术的临床可行性及安全性。方法 在我院2021年4月至2022年10月需要单侧手术的60例甲状腺肿物患者,随机分成两组,每组30例。对照组实施经胸乳入路腔镜甲状腺手术,研究组实施经腋窝入路腔镜甲状腺手术,对比两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、清扫胸骨上窝周围淋巴结情况、并发症发生率等。结果 对比发现,研究组患者的术中出血量和术后住院时间明显少于对照组,但是手术时间多于对照组,差异对比P <0.05;研究组患者的可检索淋巴结数（枚）以及术后24 h引流量少于对照组,但是差异对比P> 0.05;治疗结束后,研究组患者临床治疗总有效率明显高于对照组,差异对比P <0.05;治疗后,研究组患者的颈部不适、声音嘶哑等并发症发生率明显低于对照组,差异对比P <0.05。结论 经腋窝入路腔镜甲状腺手术在临床应用中,有助于减少患者术中出血量以及术后住院时间,同时也可以提升患者临床治疗总有效率,降低并发症发生率,有助于改善患者术后生活质量,但是相对手术时间比较长。     

经胸乳入路腔镜甲状腺手术治疗甲状腺腺瘤的疗效分析

目的 探讨经胸乳入路腔镜甲状腺手术治疗甲状腺腺瘤的疗效.方法 选择收治的甲状腺腺瘤患者110例,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组55例.对照组采取常规开放手术治疗,观察组采取经胸乳入路腔镜甲状腺手术治疗.比较2组患者手术时间、术中出血量及术后引流量、住院时间、切口美观度.记录2组患者术后1个月内的并发症发生情况.比较2组患者血清中白细胞介素(IL)-1水平.随访约1年,记录复发病例.结果 观察组患者手术时间明显多于对照组,而术中出血量及术后引流量、住院时间显著少于对照组(P<0.01).术后1个月,观察组患者VSS、PSAS和OSAS评分均少于对照组(P<0.01).观察组患者术后吞咽障碍等并发症发生率均显著低于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01).2组患者术前血清中IL-1水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术中观察组患者血清中IL-1水平明显低于对照组(P<0.01),术后1周2组患者血清中IL-1比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).术后随访1年,2组均未发现复发病例.结论 经胸乳入路腔镜甲状腺手术治疗甲状腺腺瘤安全有效,且外观美容,值得临床借鉴.     

经胸前入路腔镜下甲状腺癌根治术疗效分析

目的 探讨胸前入路腔镜下甲状腺癌根治术的安全性,可行性及美容性。方法 选取苏州大学附属太仓医院2020年7月至2022年2月连续手术的12例经胸前入路腔镜下甲状腺癌根治术患者为腔镜组,选取同期开展的19例开放甲状腺癌根治术患者作为开放组。分析比较两组患者的临床资料、手术效果及并发症情况。结果 腔镜组患者清扫中央区淋巴结数、术中出血量、术前血钙-术后血钙差值及并发症与开放组比较,差异无统计学意义（P> 0.05）。虽然腔镜组手术总时长、引流液大于开放组（P <0.05）,但是美容效果显著好于开放组（P <0.05）。结论 经胸前途径行腔镜下甲状腺癌根治术不增加手术并发症,手术效果满意,可获得显著的美容效果。     

经胸全乳晕入路与经颈部小切口入路的腔镜切除术在甲状腺良性结节中的应用对比

目的 对比经胸全乳晕入路与经颈部小切口入路的腔镜切除术在甲状腺良性结节中的应用。方法 选取2017年6月至2020年6月在本院确诊的72例甲状腺良性结节（BTN）患者,采用简单随机分组将患者分为观察组和对照组,每组各36例。对照组患者采用经颈部小切口入路的腔镜切除术,观察组采用经胸全乳晕入路的腔镜切除术。评估两组患者临床疗效,记录手术一般情况和术后VAS评分、美观度评分,记录并发症发生情况。结果 观察组患者治疗有效率为91.67%,对照组患者治疗有效率为86.11%(P>0.05);两组BTN患者手术时间、总住院时间和总住院费用比较,观察组明显高于对照组（P<0.05）;观察组患者切口长度、术中出血量和术后引流量明显低于对照组（P<0.05）;观察组BTN患者术后VAS评分低于对照组,美观度评分高于对照组（P<0.05）;两组患者并发症发生率分别为19.44%和25.00%(P>0.05)。结论 经胸全乳晕入路与经颈部小切口入路的腔镜切除术均可取得满意疗效,对术后疼痛度和美观度要求较高的患者可选择经胸全乳晕入路的腔镜切除术。     

全腔镜下甲状腺癌根治术对甲状腺癌疗效及术后并发症的影响

目的 探讨全腔镜下甲状腺癌根治术对甲状腺癌疗效及术后并发症的影响.方法 选取120例甲状腺癌患者,根据随机数字表法将患者分为观察组(n=60)和对照组(n=60),对照组应用传统甲状腺癌根治术,观察组行全腔镜下甲状腺癌根治术,比较两组患者手术情况及术后并发症情况.术后对两组随访3年,观察两组生存率、复发率及远处转移率情况.结果 两组患者均成功完成手术,观察组术后住院时间短于对照组,术中出血量、术后引流量少于对照组,术后24 h视觉模拟评分(VAS)低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组手术时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).观察组术后低甲状旁腺激素血症、低血钙症发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组发音困难、手足麻木、声音嘶哑比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).两组患者1、2、3年存活率、复发率及远处转移率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 全腔镜下甲状腺癌根治手术临床疗效与传统甲状腺癌根治术相当,但全腔镜下甲状腺癌根治手术对患者创伤小,可降低低甲状旁腺激素血症、低血钙症的发生.     

探究免充气经腋窝入路腔镜手术治疗单侧甲状腺癌的临床疗效与安全性

目的 探究免充气经腋窝入路腔镜手术治疗单侧甲状腺癌的临床疗效与安全性.方法 120例单侧甲状腺癌患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将患者分为实验组与对照组,各60例.实验组采用免充气经腋窝入路腔镜手术治疗,对照组采用常规腔镜手术治疗.比较两组患者的临床治疗效果,临床指标(术中出血量、手术时间、疼痛持续时间)及并发症发生...     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

---

Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an opinion paper

The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.