Sysmex XE-5000血液分析仪对幼稚粒细胞结果评价分析

目的:Sysmex XE-5000血液分析仪对外周血幼稚粒细胞(IG)检出与显微镜分类计数结果对比,进行评价分析及正常临界值的设定。方法:Sysmex XE-5000血液分析仪对438份血标本采用白细胞分类检测通道(CBC+DIFF通道)检测幼稚粒细胞,并用显微镜人工计数IG。结果:Sysmex XE-5000血液分析仪和显微镜镜检法对IG检出呈正相关(r=0.76),SysmexXE-5000血液分析仪对IG%检测的敏感性为62.9%,特异性为83.4%,临界值>0.6。正常组的IG检测人工镜检均未见幼稚粒细胞,仪器检测显示IG%范围为0⁰.6(x±3s)。结论:当Sysmex XE-5000血液分析仪检测结果 IG%≤0.6[或绝对值(IG#)≤0.1×109/L]可认为是正常标本,当IG%>0.6[或绝对值(IG#)>0.1×109/L)则为异常标本,应进行血涂片复查以明确诊断。     

Sysmex XE-5000血细胞分析仪用于体液白细胞计数及分类的评价

目的探讨Sysmex XE-5000血细胞分析仪在体液检测中的应用价值。方法分别用Sysmex XE-5000血细胞分析仪及手工显微镜法对45例体液标本进行白细胞计数及分类,并比较分析两种方法的检测结果。结果 Sysmex XE-5000血细胞分析仪与手工显微镜法进行白细胞计数结果的相关系数r=0.971;白细胞数〈10×10^6/L时,两种方法进行白细胞分类结果的相关系数r=0.134;白细胞数〉10×10^6/L时,两种方法进行白细胞分类结果的相关系数r=0.998。结论Sysmex XE-5000血细胞分析仪体液模式操作简单、迅速,结果较为准确,但是仍然不能完全代替手工显微镜方法,在实际工作中应将两种方法相结合。     

外周血嗜碱粒细胞的定量研究

目的探讨计数外周血嗜碱粒细胞更为简便、准确的检测方法。方法采用流式细胞术,根据嗜碱粒细胞表面抗原的特性CD123+、HLA-DR,计数30例过敏性哮喘患者及40例健康体检者外周血嗜碱粒细胞,同时用全自动血细胞分析仪法、人工涂片计数嗜碱粒细胞。结果流式细胞法与全自动血细胞分析仪法计数嗜碱粒细胞结果有统计学意义,呈显著性差异(P<0.01),与人工涂片计数嗜碱粒细胞结果有良好的相关性(P>0.05)。结论流式细胞仪计数外周血嗜碱粒细胞结果更准确,可作为过敏性疾病时计数外周血嗜碱粒细胞的标准方法。     

血幼稚粒细胞计数的仪器法与镜检法比较

目的 探讨血细胞分析仪在血幼稚粒细胞计数中的应用价值,并与镜检法进行比较.方法 同时使用仪器法和镜检法计数完全随机选择的101例患者静脉血幼稚粒细胞的绝对值和百分比,每份标本涂片2张,仪器为日本产SYSMEX XE-2100全自动血细胞分析仪.结果 两种方法 计数的幼稚粒细胞的百分比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),且它们的绝对值和百分比都显示了良好的相关性(分别为r=0.9834和r=0.9550),其直线回归方程分别为Y=1.1798X+0.0413和y=0.855X+0.7990.结论 使用血细胞分析仪SYSMEX XE-2100计数静脉血幼稚粒细胞绝对值及百分比,仪器法的准确度与镜检法相当,但大幅度提高了工作效率.     

血幼稚粒细胞计数的仪器法与镜检法比较

目的 探讨血细胞分析仪在血幼稚粒细胞计数中的应用价值,并与镜检法进行比较.方法 同时使用仪器法和镜检法计数完全随机选择的101例患者静脉血幼稚粒细胞的绝对值和百分比,每份标本涂片2张,仪器为日本产SYSMEX XE-2100全自动血细胞分析仪.结果 两种方法 计数的幼稚粒细胞的百分比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),且它们的绝对值和百分比都显示了良好的相关性(分别为r=0.9834和r=0.9550),其直线回归方程分别为Y=1.1798X+0.0413和y=0.855X+0.7990.结论 使用血细胞分析仪SYSMEX XE-2100计数静脉血幼稚粒细胞绝对值及百分比,仪器法的准确度与镜检法相当,但大幅度提高了工作效率.     

血幼稚粒细胞计数的仪器法与镜检法比较

目的 探讨血细胞分析仪在血幼稚粒细胞计数中的应用价值,并与镜检法进行比较.方法 同时使用仪器法和镜检法计数完全随机选择的101例患者静脉血幼稚粒细胞的绝对值和百分比,每份标本涂片2张,仪器为日本产SYSMEX XE-2100全自动血细胞分析仪.结果 两种方法 计数的幼稚粒细胞的百分比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),且它们的绝对值和百分比都显示了良好的相关性(分别为r=0.9834和r=0.9550),其直线回归方程分别为Y=1.1798X+0.0413和y=0.855X+0.7990.结论 使用血细胞分析仪SYSMEX XE-2100计数静脉血幼稚粒细胞绝对值及百分比,仪器法的准确度与镜检法相当,但大幅度提高了工作效率.     

血幼稚粒细胞计数的仪器法与镜检法比较

目的 探讨血细胞分析仪在血幼稚粒细胞计数中的应用价值,并与镜检法进行比较.方法 同时使用仪器法和镜检法计数完全随机选择的101例患者静脉血幼稚粒细胞的绝对值和百分比,每份标本涂片2张,仪器为日本产SYSMEX XE-2100全自动血细胞分析仪.结果 两种方法 计数的幼稚粒细胞的百分比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),且它们的绝对值和百分比都显示了良好的相关性(分别为r=0.9834和r=0.9550),其直线回归方程分别为Y=1.1798X+0.0413和y=0.855X+0.7990.结论 使用血细胞分析仪SYSMEX XE-2100计数静脉血幼稚粒细胞绝对值及百分比,仪器法的准确度与镜检法相当,但大幅度提高了工作效率.     

探究全自动血细胞分析仪在血常规检验中的应用价值

目的探究全自动血细胞分析仪在血常规检验中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析1712份血常规标本资料,经血细胞全自动血细胞分析仪检测并符合血细胞形态学复检标准的共878份,均行全自动血细胞分析仪和涂片镜检测,比较两种检验方法的血常规检验结果。结果全自动血细胞分析仪对中性粒细胞(NE)、嗜酸粒细胞(EO)、嗜碱粒细胞(BA)、淋巴细胞(LY)的检出率与涂片镜检比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);全自动血细胞分析仪对单核细胞(MO)、原始细胞/异型淋巴细胞(OTHER)、幼稚细胞/核左移(IG)检出率低于涂片镜检,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。全自动血细胞分析仪血常规异常标本总检出率为96.36%(846/878),涂片镜检总检出率为96.81%(850/878),比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论全自动血细胞分析仪在血常规检验中具有较高的应用价值,对中性粒细胞、嗜酸粒细胞、嗜碱粒细胞、淋巴细胞等检出率较高,但必要时也可联合涂片镜检,以便提高检测准确率。     

血液分析仪XE-2100血小板计数与镜检法比较

目的 评价血液分析仪 XE-2100 血小板计数的准确性和显微镜复检的关系.方法 取抗凝静脉血180份分别用血液分析XE-2100和镜检法计数PLT,结果对照比较.结果 在PLT<100×109/L时,XE-2100全血细胞分析仪与镜检法PLT 计数差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);PLT>300×109/L时,与镜检法PLT计数差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);当PLT 计数在(100～300)×109/L时,与镜检法PLT计数比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 XE-2100 血小板计数准确性较高;但当血小板浓度异常、特别是浓度减低时,仪器计数结果需结合显微镜复查.     

血常规检验中应用全自动血细胞分析仪的价值

目的观察并探究在血常规检验中应用全自动血细胞分析仪的临床价值。方法选取186例来我院接受血常规检验的患者为研究对象,其血常规标本经血细胞分析仪测定,均与血细胞形态学的复检标准相符。随后再次采用全自动血细胞分析仪进行检测,并展开涂片镜检检测,对比并评价两种检测结果。结果在NE(中性粒细胞)、EO(嗜酸粒细胞)、BA(嗜碱粒细胞)以及LY(淋巴细胞)检测阳性率方面,两种检测方法呈现出较好的一致性;在IG(幼稚细胞/核左移)、MO(单核细胞)以及OTHER(原始细胞/异形淋巴细胞)分类检测阳性率方面,全自动血细胞分析仪的检测结果要稍低于涂片镜检,但两组数据差异不大,P> 0.05,不具备统计学意义。结论通过采用全自动血细胞分析仪进行检验,可为临床诊治提供准确的血细胞数量等参数,必要时通过与涂片显微镜镜检相结合,可充分促进临床血常规检验准确率及质量的提高,值得重视。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

2-(Acetoxyphenyl)-(Z)-styryl sulfides as cyclooxygenase inhibitors

2-(Acetoxyphenyl)-(Z)-styryl sulfides are described as selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors, useful for treating inflammation and COX-2-mediated disorders including neoplasia. 2-(Acetoxyphenyl)-(Z)-styryl sulfide is claimed to be the most potent COX inhibitor in the series with a COX-2 selectivity ratio of 33. This compound is also claimed to be superior to celecoxib (Celebrex^®, Pfizer) in inhibiting cell growth of colorectal carcinoma cells. In this evaluation, the COX inhibitory activity of this compound is compared to that previously disclosed for diarylheterocycles and 2-(acetoxyphenyl)alkyl sulfides. The validity of the DLD-1 cell line in the growth inhibition studies is questioned based on recent literature reports indicating the lack of COX-2 expression in this cell line.     

Sleep-disordered breathing with chronic opioid use

Chronic opioid use for pain relief or as substitution therapy for illicit drug abuse is prevalent in our societies. In the US, retail distribution of methadone and oxycodone has increased by 824 and 660%, respectively, between 1997 and 2003. μ-Opioids depress respiration and deaths related to illicit and non illicit chronic opioid use are not uncommon. Since 2001 there has been an emerging literature that suggests that chronic opioid use is related to central sleep apnoea of both periodic and non-periodic breathing types, and occurs in ～ 30% of these subjects. The clinical significance of these sleep-related abnormalities are unknown. This review addresses the present knowledge of control of ventilation mechanisms during wakefulness and sleep, the effects of opioids on ventilatory control mechanisms, the sleep-disordered breathing found with chronic opioid use and a discussion regarding the future research directions in this area.     

Drug targets for cognitive enhancement in neuropsychiatric disorders

The investigation of novel drug targets for treating cognitive impairments associated with neurological and psychiatric disorders remains a primary focus of study in central nervous system (CNS) research. Many promising new therapies are progressing through preclinical and clinical development, and offer the potential of improved treatment options for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) as well as other disorders that have not been particularly well treated to date like the cognitive impairments associated with schizophrenia (CIAS). Among targets under investigation, cholinergic receptors have received much attention with several nicotinic agonists (α7 and α4β2) actively in clinical trials for the treatment of AD, CIAS and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Both glutamatergic and serotonergic (5-HT) agonists and antagonists have profound effects on neurotransmission and improve cognitive function in preclinical experiments with animals; some of these compounds are now in proof-of-concept studies in humans. Several histamine H3 receptor antagonists are in clinical development not only for cognitive enhancement, but also for the treatment of narcolepsy and cognitive deficits due to sleep deprivation because of their expression in brain sleep centers. Compounds that dampen inhibitory tone (e.g., GABA_A α5 inverse agonists) or elevate excitatory tone (e.g., glycine transporter inhibitors) offer novel approaches for treating diseases such as schizophrenia, AD and Down syndrome. In addition to cell surface receptors, intracellular drug targets such as the phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are known to impact signaling pathways that affect long-term memory formation and working memory. Overall, there is a genuine need to treat cognitive deficits associated with many neuropsychiatric conditions as well as an increasingly aging population.