Influence des parents sur le tabagisme de leurs enfants

A survey carried out in autumn 1978 in a Paris state secondary school (2266 pupils) enabled us to study the precocity and prevalence of smoking habits in boys and girls aged 14.9 years on average, according to their parents' smoking habits and attitudes.The proportions of smokers were 21.8% in boys and 31.2% in girls. These proportions were lower if parents forbade smoking and higher if they allowed it, or simply advised their children against it. The proportion of smokers and precocity of smoking increased with parents' smoking habits. This result was confirmed by a stepping-up discriminant analysis.We also found that the influence of peers entailed a greater precocity in smoking and that those who smoked to assume a countenance smoked a greater number of cigarettes.     

Smoking and its associated factors in Portuguese adolescent students

OBJECTIVE: To describe smoking habits and to identify their determinants in adolescent students. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out on smoking habits comprising 1,052 girls and 984 boys aged 13 years attending public and private schools in the city of Porto, Portugal. The proportion of participation was 77.5%. Information on sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics was obtained from a questionnaire filled out at home by participants and their parents. At school, another self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information about tobacco use. Several independent samples were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test and proportions were compared by Chi-square test. Odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals were calculated by unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS: Overall, 19.9% (22.4% of girls and 17.1% of boys) students only had ever experimented smoking but were not smokers; 1.8% (2.0% of girls and 1.5% of boys) were occasional smokers and 1.3% (2.0% of girls and 0.4% of boys) smoked at least one cigarette/day. Curiosity was the main reason given by adolescents to experiment smoking (48.4% of girls and 45.6% of boys). After adjustment to parental, siblings' and friends' smoking habits, the stronger association was with the smoking habits of their friends for both girls (OR=4.03; 95% CI: 2.69-6.04) and boys (OR=5.39; 95% CI: 3.34-8.70). CONCLUSIONS: A high proportion of students had ever experimented smoking. Smoking habits among peers proved to be the strongest determinant of smoking during adolescence.     

Family influences on future smoking habits among junior high school students in Japan

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of health-related behavior and family smoking habits on the future smoking habits of junior high school students in two Japanese cities with different life expectancies. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in January 2005 of all second-grade students in a junior high school in city A located in Aomori prefecture (399 students) and city B located in Nagano prefecture (447 students). Life expectancies in city B were 4.2 years longer in men and 2.9 years longer in women than in city A. Data on feelings about future smoking habits, dislike of tobacco smoke, family smoking habits and health-related behavior were collected. RESULTS: The proportion of boys who went on to become smokers was higher in city A (18.7%) than in city B (10.3%). The proportions of smoking mothers and other smoking family members were also higher in city A, while the proportion of students who disliked tobacco smoke was lower. For girls in both cities, there was a significant positive association between future smoking and maternal smoking. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that maternal smoking habits are especially strongly correlated with future smoking in girls. The family smoking environment and health-related behavior should therefore be considered in measures to prevent smoking by students.     

北京市高中生吸烟行为现状及家庭因素与吸烟关联的性别差异研究

目的 了解北京市高中生吸烟行为及家庭因素与吸烟关联的性别差异,为相关干预提供理论依据.方法 于2014年4-5月,采取分层整群随机抽样的方法,对北京市16669名高中生进行问卷调查.分性别采用x2检验和多因素Logistic回归法分析家庭因素与吸烟行为的关联.结果 北京市高中男女生尝试吸烟率分别为40.7％和20.6％...     

山东省城市中学生烟草使用情况及相关因素分析

目的 了解山东省城市中学生吸烟行为现状,为有效开展中学生控烟活动提供依据.方法 采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,抽取山东省中学生共8 873名进行自填匿名问卷调查.结果 山东省中学生的吸烟率为12.97％,男生为19.93％,女生为6.13％,不同性别、学校类型、家庭类型、城市类型及母亲文化程度之间的中学生吸烟率差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05).多因素非条件Logistic回归分析显示,男生、母亲的文化程度低、所在城市较发达、其他家庭、职高是吸烟的危险因素.结论 山东省中学生的吸烟率处于较高水平,应关注中学控烟工作,采取相应的干预控制并加强健康教育,让青少年树立正确的健康观念.     

北京市2010年中学生烟草使用流行现状分析

目的 了解2010年北京市中学生烟草使用相关行为和二手烟暴露现状以及对烟草的认知和态度,为积极开展学校控烟工作提供参考.方法 采用分层整群抽样的方法,于2010年4-5月对北京市共计33所学校中11242名学生进行匿名自填式问卷调查,共回收有效问卷11208份.结果 中学生尝试吸烟率为24.70％,现在吸烟率为9.11％,吸烟率为5.06％;不吸烟中学生的二手烟暴露率为38.47％.男生、住宿生的烟草使用率均显著高于女生和非住宿生;郊区、非重点校、职业中学的烟草使用率分别高于城区、重点校和普通中学,差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01).现在吸烟率和吸烟率较2008年均略有下降,二手烟暴露率有了明显下降.结论 中学生尝试吸烟率居高不下,对于烟草危害及有关态度的认识有待于进一步提高.建议继续加强对中学生开展健康教育,引导和教育中学生坚决“拒吸第一支烟”.     

Cross-sectional survey on the nutritional and life-style habits of secondary school students in Hungary

INTRODUCTION: The national representative survey of secondary school students (age: 15-18 years) was undertaken between 1997 and 2000. The authors presented the data related to the nutritional and life-style habits. METHODS: The data for 6,347 students (48.4% boys and 51.6% girls) were evaluated. The anonymous questionnaire contained inquiries on nutritional rhythm, food frequency, use of vitamin and mineral supplements, smoking, alcohol and drug consumption habits, regular physical activity and family background (qualification, smoking, alcohol consumption). Within the frame of personal interviews the authors collected data on students' history with regard to occurrence of diabetes mellitus, other chronic diseases and in girls the time of the first menstruation. Concerning parents' history the authors collected information on the incidence of hypertension, myocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus, and stroke. STATISTICAL EVALUATION: Data were recorded in Data-Ease database system, in forms of individual records. The individual records were converted to be suitable for the statistical evaluation by SPSS for windows 9 statistical program pack. Data are presented as means and percent distribution. RESULTS: The nutritional rhythm of students was irregular. The daily consumption of milk, dairy products, fruits, fresh vegetables and vegetable dishes was insufficient. Eighty percent of students added extra salt to foods. More than 49% of students regularly consumed some forms of vitamin and/or mineral supplements. Thirty five percent of boys and 30% of girls smoked daily, 14.6% of boys and 5.9% of girls consumed alcohol at least once a week. Fifteen percent of boys and 11% of girls already tried taking drugs at least once. Only 50% of boys and 31% of girls were involved in a regular physical activity. Twenty two percent of fathers and 25% of mothers had university qualifications, whereas intermediate qualifications were recorded in 63 and 59%, lower qualifications occurred in 8 and 13% of parents, respectively. The incidence of smoking was 42% for fathers and 36% for mothers. Weekly alcohol consumption was recorded in 11%, daily consumption in 7% among fathers, the same figures for mothers were 4-4%, respectively. The incidence of hypertension, myocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus, and stroke was 26; 3.4; 5.4 and 1.5% in fathers and 32.9; 4.2; 6.6 and 1.5% in mothers. CONCLUSIONS: The data collected in the complex nutritional hygienic survey revealed serious deficiencies in the nutritional and life style habits of secondary school students. These factors considerably contribute to the unfavorable statistics of nutrition related non-infectious diseases in adulthood.     

Cigarette smoking among junior high school students in Beijing, China, 1988.

Prevalence, behavioural patterns and risk factors of cigarette smoking were studied in a sample of 8437 junior high school students in Beijing in 1988. Smoking at least occasionally was reported by 34.4% of boys and 3.9% of girls, though the intensity tended to be low. Smoking prevalence increased with age among boys. Inhaling smoke into the lungs was practised by 68.2% of the boys who smoked and 37.3% of the girls. 'Believing that one looks elegant when smoking', 'trying to be fashionable' and 'seeking stimulation' were the most important reasons for smoking. Of the boys 83.5% and of the girls 86.5% usually smoked with friends or schoolmates. Many more boys (19.2%) than girls (1.7%) smoked at home. Examinations of risk factors for teenage smoking showed that it was associated with a combination of familial, psychological and socio-school factors, with peer group pressure being the most important one.     

广州市青少年吸烟饮酒成瘾性药物使用情况分析

目的 了解广州市青少年吸烟、饮酒及成瘾性药物使用状况,为开展有针对性的预防和控制措施提供科学依据.方法 采用“中国青少年健康相关行为调查问卷”对广州市66所学校11939名学生进行问卷调查.结果 广州市青少年尝试吸烟率为26.61％.调查前1个月有9.56％的学生吸过烟,其中男生(17.36％)高于女生(2.84％);农村学生(12.92％)高于城市学生(7.79％);职中生最高(22.74％),初中、高中、大学学生依次为6.82％,6.66％和7.75％.青少年饮酒的比例为60.63％,过去1个月29.03％的青少年有饮酒行为,11.17％的青少年有重度饮酒行为.广州市青少年成瘾性药物使用率为8.85％,男生为9.72％,女生为8.16％;农村为11.83％,城市为7.32％;职中生最高(10.50％),初中、高中、大学学生依次为9.35％,7.72％,7.56％.结论 广州市青少年吸烟、饮酒及成瘾性药物使用率比较高,相关部门和学校应该采取有针对性的干预措施.     

青春期性发育对青少年吸烟行为的影响

目的 研究青春期性发育早晚对青少年吸烟行为的影响。方法 2000年11月对随机整群抽取的1453名上海市高中学生进行横断面问卷调查，获取青少年吸烟，男孩首次遗精年龄，女孩月经初潮年龄及可能影响青少年吸烟的社会心理因素等信息。结果 男生的尝试吸烟率在性发育较晚组中最高（28．6％），其次为发育较早（21．3％）和中等组（21．7％）；现在吸烟率在性发育较早组最高（16．4％），然后依次为发育较晚（7．1％）和中等组（4．8％）；女生的曾经吸烟率在性发育早，中，晚各组中依次为24．2％，12．0％，6．3％。在控制影响青少年吸烟的一系列社会心理因素后，性发育较早是导致男生现在吸烟的独立危险因素（OR＝3.68,95%,CI:1.23-10.99)，也是女生吸烟的危险因素（OR＝2.23,95%,CI:0.89-5.60)；而性发育较晚可能导致男生尝试吸烟（OR＝1．48，95％CI：0．72－3．06），对女性却可能有一定的保护作用（OR＝0.64,95%CI:0.22-1.86)。结论 学校，家庭和社会应该关心，引导性发育时间偏离正常的男女青少年，加强吸烟危害健康教育。     

2008-2012年北京市通州区中学生吸烟行为监测结果分析

目的了解北京市通州区中学生吸烟行为及影响因素,为开展学校控烟工作提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法,于2008年、2010年、2012年4_5月对北京市通州区9所中学抽样班级学生进行匿名自填式问卷调查。结果中学生吸烟率呈下降趋势,尝试吸烟率分别为27．5％、25．7％和24．8％,13岁以前吸烟率分别为10．6％、9．4％和8．8％,30％以上的尝试吸烟者在小学阶段（13岁以前）开始吸第一支烟;3次监测尝试吸烟率男生高于女生,男生分别为36．9％、34．9％和31．2％,女生分别为18．4％、17．7％和19．3％;随着年级升高、学习成绩降低尝试吸烟率呈上升趋势;在校住宿生吸烟率明显高于不住宿学生;单亲家庭、重组家庭、隔代家庭学生吸烟率高于核心家庭和大家庭学生。结论北京市通州区中学生吸烟率仍处于较高水平。应从多方面采取措施,针对重点人群,在家庭、学校中共同开展控烟干预工作。     

临沂市罗庄区中学生行为危险因素分析

目的探讨中学生行为危险因素,为制定预防控制措施提供依据。方法采用分层随机抽样方法,对山东省临沂市罗庄区1886名学生通过自填问卷方式进行调查,并对数据进行统计分析。结果54．2％的中学生认为无病或机体功能正常即健康,持此观点的初中一年级学生（66．3％）明显高于高中二、三年级学生（46．5％,44．4％,P〈0．05）。男生吸烟率为9．77％,女生为1．01％,男生明显高于女生;53．2％的吸烟学生认为吸烟主要受社会、家庭、周围环境的影响。有饮酒习惯男生为10．6％,女生为3．36％。有婚前性行为的高中生为3．19％,初中生为0．88％,初、高中学生性行为差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。42．0％的高中生对婚前性行为表示赞同态度。结论罗庄区中学生存在多种健康相关危险行为,缺乏健康知识,尤其缺乏性健康科学知识。应从学校、家庭和社会多方面入手,开展相关健康教育,并制定干预措施。     

Smoking and weight control in teenagers

In a Cancer Research Campaign-funded survey of smoking habits and opinions of 16,000students aged 9–19 years in northern England in December 1982, the respondents were asked if they thought that smoking keeps the weight down.The heaviest regular smokers (42·2%) were the most likely to agree that smokingcontrols weight, whilst those who had never smoked were least likely to agree (16·6%). Agreement increased with increasing smoking. More girls than boys agreed. The most significant differences between smokers' and non-smokers' opinions occurred in 13-, 14- and 16-year-old girls. In this age group more girls than boys reported regular smoking. Up to the age of 12 years, smokers were extremely unlikely to agree that smoking keeps the weight down.It is suggested that the intention of weight control might be influential in causing the high incidence of smoking in teenage girls.     

Prevalence of cigarette smoking among Australian secondary school students in 1993

Abstract: The prevalence of cigarette smoking in Australian secondary school students in 1993 was estimated from a survey of 22 696 12- to 17-year-old students from 332 secondary schools (and feeder schools) in all states and the Northern Territory. Self-administered questionnaires were answered anonymously by groups of up to 20 students selected randomly from school rolls, a method that replicated previous surveys in 1984, 1987 and 1990. Current smoking (smoking at least one cigarette in the week preceding the survey) at 12 years of age was 8 per cent in boys and 7 per cent in girls, but in those 17 years of age the prevalence was much higher (28 per cent of boys, 31 per cent of girls). Age was also associated with the mean number of cigarettes smoked per week by current smokers (8.6 in boys and 7.0 in girls at age 12 and 43.8 in boys and 32.0 in girls at age 17). After controlling for sex, age, school type and state of residence, the percentage of 12- to 15-year-olds who were current smokers rose from 15.7 per cent to 17.5 per cent between 1990 and 1993, an effect that was more pronounced in boys. On the other hand, the mean number of cigarettes smoked by 12- to 15-year-old current smokers dropped from 23 per week to 19.5, and the reduced consumption was greatest in boys. Furthermore, there was no increase in the proportion of students who smoked on three or more days per week, which suggests the increase was limited to occasional, casual or social smoking.     

北京市中学生被动吸烟及其影响因素分析

目的了解北京市中学生被动吸烟现状及其影响因素以及烟草的知信行情况,为开展青少年控烟工作提供依据。方法采用分层随机整群抽样法抽取北京市辖区内11个区县在校中学生9117名进行问卷调查,收集被动吸烟相关信息。结果北京市中学生吸烟率为6.30%,男生高于女生(P0.01);被动吸烟率为52.74%,女生高于男生(P0.01)。不吸烟的中学生知道吸烟有害、被动吸烟有害、支持公共场所禁烟和未成年人禁烟的分别占96.10%,96.81%,84.28%和92.44%。多因素Logistic回归分析表明,学校附近(200m内)卖烟、认为吸烟会有更多朋友、父亲吸烟、同伴吸烟等8个因素与中学生被动吸烟有关。结论北京市中学生被动吸烟现状较严峻,需要社会、政府、学校和家庭共同采取措施来缓解。     

2005年北京市儿童青少年烟草流行现状调查分析

目的了解北京市儿童青少年烟草流行现状及其影响因素，为制定北京市青少年控烟策略提供依据。方法采用多层整群抽样的方法，选取126所大中小学学生进行问卷调查。结果共调查北京市小学生、中学生和大学生17952人，其中男生8873人，女生9079人；小学生5688人，中学生8755人，大学生3509人；农村生源2232人，县镇生源6595人，城市生源9125人。北京市6—14岁学生吸烟率为1．12％，15—24岁学生吸烟率为11．73％；男性吸烟率高于女性，并均于17岁达到高峰；中专与职业高中学生吸烟率最高；学生开始尝试吸烟的高峰年龄为小学高年级及初中阶段；影响学生吸烟的因素主要分为自身、家庭与社会环境三个部分。结论北京市儿童青少年吸烟率达到很高水平，尝试吸烟年龄提前，因此制定有效的干预措施和策略是当务之急。     

不同碳酸饮料饮用频率与中学生BMI的相关性研究

目的 调查潍坊市中学生碳酸饮料的消费现状,探讨不同频率的碳酸饮料摄入与中学生BMI的关系。方法 在2019年7月 - 2019年12月期间采用方便抽样法抽取潍坊市初中、高中阶段的学生3 210名,通过问卷调查收集碳酸饮料消费情况、个人基本情况、膳食摄入情况、体育运动活动量,通过体格检查计算中学生的身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI),采用多层回归分析评估不同频率饮用碳酸饮料对中学生BMI的影响。结果 中学生碳酸饮料饮用的低频率、中等频率、高频率的发生率分别为 51.31%、32.34%、16.36 %,男生的中等频率碳酸饮料饮用率高于女生(χ2 = 5.406,P＜0.05),高频率碳酸饮料饮用率则更高于女生(χ2 = 15.643,P＜0.001);在控制年龄阶段、家族肥胖史、居住地、过去1周进食油炸食品、过去1周进食高糖食品、体育运动活动量后,中等频率的碳酸饮料饮用可以预测男生BMI（β = 0.201,P＜0.05）,高频率的碳酸饮料饮用可以预测女生的BMI（β = 0.280,P＜0.05）,高频率的碳酸饮料饮用则更能预测男生的BMI（β = 0.375,P＜0.001）。结论 潍坊市中学生的碳酸饮料的饮用率较高,过度的碳酸饮料饮用可以预测中学生尤其是男生的BMI水平。学校和家长应及早采取干预措施,引导中学生养成合理的膳食习惯。     

黑龙江省中学生电子烟流行现状及影响因素分析

目的 描述黑龙江省中学生电子烟使用现状及其影响因素,为制定省级青少年电子烟防控策略提供循证依据。方法 2021年采用多阶段分层整群概率抽样方法,涵盖黑龙江省10个监测区（县）56所初、高中学校180个班级在校学生8 340人,抽中班级内学生统一自填问卷。采用SAS 9.4软件进行数据清洗加权和分析。采用χ²检验比较组间差异,采用两水平logistic回归模型分析中学生电子烟使用的影响因素。结果 共8 329份调查问卷纳入分析。黑龙江省中学生使用过电子烟和现在使用电子烟的比例分别为18.27%和5.46%。在使用过电子烟方面,男生（23.94%）高于女生（12.35%）;职业高中生（39.18%）高于普通高中生（24.11%）高于初中生（11.27%）。在现在使用电子烟方面,男生（7.08%）高于女生（3.76%）;职业高中生（14.56%）高于普通高中生（7.70%）高于初中生（2.67%）。在一周内可支配的零花钱＞40元、身边父母、朋友、教师吸烟、现在吸卷烟、看到过电子烟广告组内,使用过电子烟及现在使用电子烟的比例均在同组内相对较高。两水平logistic回归模型显示,性别、现在是否吸卷烟、好友吸烟状况、是否看到过教师在学校吸烟、是否看到过电子烟广告、对电子烟易感的态度是中学生现在使用电子烟的影响因素。结论 黑龙江省中学生使用过电子烟和现在使用电子烟的比例较高。电子烟广告、好友吸烟状况、是否看到过教师在学校吸烟等是影响黑龙江省中学生电子烟使用的主要因素,需要在全省无烟校园建设中,重点关注无烟环境的建设以及增加电子烟危害知识相关健康教育内容。     

中小学生攻击行为与家庭因素的病例对照研究

目的:探讨中小学生攻击行为与家庭因素的内在关系。为制定干预措施提供依据。方法:应用CBCL量表、家庭环境量表(FES-CV)对湖北省5个地区的4 010名6~15岁学生进行调查,筛查出131名有攻击行为的学生,并对131名有攻击行为学生采用1∶1配对病例对照研究方法进行分析。结果:攻击行为的检出率为3.27%(其中男生为3.72%,女生为2.74%),性别无明显差异;攻击行为组的亲密度、知识性、娱乐性3个因子得分明显低于对照组,而矛盾性因子得分明显高于对照组(P<0.01);多因素条件Logistic回归分析表明,中小学生攻击行为的主要危险因素为父母对孩子的教育态度不一致、高矛盾性、低亲密度。结论:中小学生攻击行为与家庭环境之间存在显著的相关关系,良好的家庭环境有助于减少攻击行为的发生。     

上海市中学生吸烟行为影响因素及未来吸烟意向分析

探讨影响上海市中学生吸烟行为的相关因素及其对未来吸烟意向的影响,为控制青少年吸烟行为干预措施提供参考.方法 采用分层随机整群抽样法抽取上海市5个区68所中学的26 508名学生,进行现场匿名问卷调查.结果 上海市中学生尝试吸烟率、未来1年和5年的吸烟意向分别为11.6%,8.0%和14.1%,男生(15.7%,10.9%,19.3%)高于女生(7.3%,5.0%,8.6%)(x2值分别为452.97,306.42,629.04,P值均<0.01),职校生(29.2%,21.3%,31.6%)高于高中生(12.5%,9.3%,16.1%)和初中生(6.8%,4.2%,8.9%)(x2值分别为1 677.56,362.25,1 470.29,P值均<0.01).多因素Logistic回归分析表明,父母吸烟、同伴吸烟、学校缺少控烟教育课程、媒体吸烟信息高暴露使学生尝试吸烟行为和未来吸烟意向的风险较高(P值均<0.01).结论 青少年吸烟行为的发生和未来吸烟意向与家庭、同伴、学校、社会环境密切相关,需要多措并举,采取互为支持的综合干预措施降低学生吸烟行为的发生.