重症胡蜂蜇伤致溶血、多器官功能衰竭的成功救治体会

<正>蜂蜇伤是指蜜蜂、胡蜂(俗称马蜂,黄蜂)等蜇伤人体皮肤,导致疼痛、局部水肿等不适。重症蜂蜇伤,大量蜂毒进入血液循环,导致溶血、横纹肌溶解、肾衰竭、多器官功能衰竭(multiple organ dysfunction syndrom,MODS)而死亡~([1])。2015年10月,湖北民族大学附属恩施州中心医院成功救治2兄弟被同一     

重症胡蜂蜇伤致溶血、多器官功能衰竭的救治体会

【】 目的 总结重症胡蜂蜇伤的成功救治经验,探索蜂毒中毒新的救治方法。 方法 分析我院被同一宗胡蜂蜇伤的2例重症患者,其中一例被蜇伤252针,另一例被蜇伤246针,入院时,均已出现溶血、多脏器功能衰竭。通过杂合式血液净化,局部外敷季德胜蛇药片及蜂蜇草,对症支持等综合治疗,患者溶血得到有效控制,脏器功能逐渐恢复。 结果 一例患者逐渐好转,住院16日后出院;另一患者迅速好转,两日后出院。出院后,电话随访,患者均已痊愈。 结论 杂合式血液净化能有效清除体内蜂毒,保护重要脏器功能,促进受损器官恢复;季德胜蛇药片与蜂蜇草可能有一定的解毒功效,有待进一步研究。     

胡蜂蛰伤患者发生毛细血管渗漏综合征的危险因素及其预测效能

目的 分析胡蜂蛰伤患者发生毛细血管渗漏综合征（CLS）的危险因素及其预测效能。方法 78例胡蜂蜇伤患者分为CLS组和非CLS组，收集患者的临床资料（性别、年龄、基础疾病、APACHEⅡ、就诊时间、SOFA评分和蜇伤皮损数）、实验室检查结果（D-二聚体、 PT、 APTT、Cr、间接胆红素、CK、CRP、WBC、PCT、PLT、ALB、氧合指数、血细胞比容、乳酸、IL-6），并进行比较。采用多因素Logistic回归分析法分析胡蜂蛰伤患者发生CLS的危险因素。采用ROC评估相关危险因素对胡蜂蛰伤患者发生CLS的预测效能。结果 78例胡蜂蜇伤患者中，24例患者发生CLS，总发生率30.77%(24/78)。CLS组与非CLS组就诊时间、蜇伤皮损数、APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分、D-二聚体、Cr、CRP、PCT、ALB、CRP/ALB、氧合指数、IL-6比较，P均<0.05。血清IL-6、D-二聚体水平升高是胡蜂蛰伤患者发生CLS的独立危险因素（P均<0.05）。血清D-二聚体、IL-6水平升高预测胡峰蜇伤发生CLS的AUC分别为0.812(95%CI为0.694～0.931...     

蚂蚁蜇伤21例临床分析

目的探讨蚂蚁蜇伤患者的临床表现及正确处理措施。方法对2014年6月至2016年11月我院收治的蚂蚁蜇伤患者21例的临床资料进行总结分析。结果 21例患者被蚂蚁蜇伤后,蜇伤皮肤局部均马上出现痒痛、红晕、丘疹,17例(81.0%)患者在蜇伤部位出现特殊的水泡、脓疱,16例(76.2%)患者出现全身皮肤红肿、风团、瘙痒,10例(47.6%)出现胸闷、心悸、头晕、头痛,5例(23.8%)患者出现全身乏力、呼吸困难、晕倒、休克症状。目前对蚂蚁蜇伤患者尚无有效的专用解毒剂,在临床上主要是对被蜇伤者进行对症治疗,对伤口进行局部清洗消毒。只要及时积极治疗,被蜇伤者预后一般良好。结论根据蚂蚁蜇伤史以及患者的临床表现,尤其是刺伤部位出现特殊的脓疱,蚂蚁蜇伤诊断并不困难,只要及时积极治疗,被蜇伤者预后一般良好。     

蜂蜇伤过敏性休克2例

蜂蜇伤后可致局部皮肤红肿痒痛，甚至引起过敏性休克、多脏器功能衰竭，但引起迟缓相I型变态反应过敏性休克的报道甚少，现将我院2例蜂蜇伤致迟缓型I型变态反应过敏性休克患者的救治体会报道如下。     

儿童海蜇蜇伤630例临床分析

目的：分析儿童海蜇蜇伤的临床特点、治疗方法及预后。方法海蜇蜇伤患儿630例,对患儿性别、年龄、病情程度、蛰伤后首次处理方法与首诊时间、临床表现、辅助检查特点、治疗与转归等进行分析。结果630例患儿中,男女比例为1．07：1,＜5岁67例、5～10岁308例、＞10岁255例,轻度492例、中度115例、重度23例。正确处理者418例,就诊时间在10 min～4 h。轻度仅有局部表现,重度出现全身中毒症状和过敏反应,其中发热27例、心悸7例、胸闷4例、肺水肿1例。蛰伤部位主要在下肢,小腿最多（237例）,其次是足部（143例）。293例行血常规检查,195例正常,36例白细胞计数高于15＆#215;109/L,其中重度19例;血糖升高19例,13例为重度;106例行尿常规检查均正常;60例行肝肾功能及血清离子检测均正常;37例行心电图检查,心动过速6例均为重度患儿,余均正常。95％患者给予局部治疗,中重度患儿局部加全身综合治疗,除1例肺水肿死亡,均康复。皮损出现反复65例。结论海蜇蜇伤患儿症状大多较轻,轻度海蜇蜇伤者仅有局部表现,短期局部治疗恢复较好,重度者会出现全身中毒症状和过敏反应,需积极联合治疗,7～14 d基本恢复,如为特异体质者可出现严重并发症,甚至死亡。     

连续性血液净化治疗蜂蜇伤致多器官功能障碍综合征7例

野蜂蜇伤可引起局部疼痛、肿胀或过敏性休克，甚至可导致多脏器功能障碍综合征。我科于2002年7月～2005年7月采用连续性血液净化CBP（主要模式为CVVH）治疗7例蜂蜇伤致多器官功能障碍综合征（MODS）患者取得了良好疗效，现报告如下。     

马蜂蜇伤中毒老年患者器官功能障碍的临床观察

目的 了解和掌握老年人马蜂蜇伤的临床特点和发病规律,以有效提高急性马蜂蜇伤的抢救成功率。方法 收集2009年1月至2013年12月竹山县人民医院收治的马蜂蜇伤病例共221例,根据年龄分为两组,老年组（年龄≥60岁）56例,非老年组（年龄＜60岁）165例,对两组患者多器官功能障碍、预后转归情况进行对比分析。结果 急性马蜂蜇伤,老年组器官功能障碍发生率依次为：肝脏55.36%,心血管32.14%,非老年组器官功能障碍发生率依次为：肝脏56.97%,心血管36.97%;老年组出现多器官功能障碍共有35例,发生率62.50%,非老年组共有94例,发生率56.97%,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。多器官功能障碍死亡老年组2例,病死率5.71%,非老年组2例,病死率2.13%,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 本地区急性马蜂蜇伤中毒致器官功能障碍老年患者、非老年患者均以肝脏和心血管最多见;老年患者、非老年患者多器官功能障碍发生率差异无统计学意义,出现多器官功能障碍后病死率差异亦无统计学意义。     

连续性血液净化联合血浆置换治疗老年重症蜂蜇伤致多脏器功能衰竭患者的临床观察

<正>蜂蜇伤是临床常见急症之一,多发于山区,夏秋季较为常见,可引起过敏性休克、血管内溶血及多脏器功能衰竭等而危及生命,如抢救不及时,病死率较高。老年患者因多合并有基础疾病或者心肺功能较差,蜂蜇伤后更易死亡,血液净化和血浆置换(plasma exchange,PE)等综合治疗措施对其有较好疗效。笔者对我科2009年12月至2013年12月共25例重症蜂蜇伤老年患者的治疗情况进行回顾性分析,现报道如下。1资料与方法1.1一般资料收集我科2009年12月     

急性海月水母蜇伤136例临床分析

随着海产品的捕捞、加工及海水浴场的开发 ,急性海月水母蜇伤致死亡者较多 ,但迄今国内外未见类似报道。现将我院1997～ 1998年收治的急性海月水母蜇伤 136例住院患者 ,报告并分析如下。一般资料 :本组男 112例 ,女 2 4例 ;年龄 13～ 5 4岁 ,平均2 6岁。分别为捕捞 ,加工水母或旅游者游泳时发现海月水母而捕捉玩耍蜇伤 ,病程 2～ 12小时 ,平均 8小时。 96例蜇伤住院者表现有四肢及躯干皮肤红斑 ,红肿 ,灼痛 ,水泡 ,糜烂 ,出血 ,坏死 ,体温 37～ 38.5℃ ,伴头晕、头痛、口渴、恶心、呕吐、腹痛、四肢周身无力 5 6例 ,心悸胸闷、喘憋咳嗽、呼…     

Systemic reactions to wasp sting: Is the clinical pattern related to age,sex and atopy?

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to analyze the frequency of clinical features and the severity of systemic reactions to wasp stings, and to establish their relationship with mean age, sex, and atopy.MethodsWe studied 115 patients who suffered an anaphylactic reaction to wasp sting and showed specific IgE to venoms from Vespula and/or Polistes. In all patients, age, sex and personal history of atopy were registered. Cutaneous, respiratory, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal involvement during the course of the reaction was investigated. Each patient was assigned a severity grade according to a simple two-grade classification based on Müller's criteria. Bivariable analysis was performed to analyze the associations among mean age, sex and atopy and the symptoms and severity of the reaction.ResultsThe mean age was 40.2 years. There were 60 males (52.2 %) and 55 females (47.8 %). Twenty-six patients (22.6%) were atopic. The percentages of involved systems were as follows: skin 90.4 %, respiratory 54.8 %, cardiovascular 33.9%, and gastrointestinal 21.7 %. Reactions were mild in 40.8 %, and severe in 59.1 %. The mean age was higher in patients without cutaneous symptoms (p < 0.05). Cardiovascular involvement was more frequent in males (p < 0.05). No other significant differences were found.ConclusionThe symptoms of systemic reactions to wasp venom most frequently involved the skin, while reactions without cutaneous involvement were more frequent in older patients. Cardiovascular involvement was more common in males. The clinical pattern was not determined by atopy and the variables studied were not related to severity.     

Epidemiologic Investigation of Hornet and Paper Wasp Stings in Forest Workers and Electrical Facility Field Workers in Japan

Background:Forestry and field workers who work outdoors are at high risk for Hymenoptera stings and may develop occupation-related allergies from being stung. However, clinical and immunological surveys of Hymenoptera stings in the occupational setting have rarely been reported. We surveyed the natural history of Hymenoptera stings in Japanese forestry workers (FWs) and electrical facility field workers (EFFWs), and we assessed the utility of measuring specific (s)IgE Ab to Hymenptera venom.Methods:Questionnaires on hornet and paper wasp stings were completed by 999 FWs, 354 EFFWs, and 365 office workers as controls between July and November 2009. Sera from these participants were tested for sIgE Ab levels to Hymenptera venom with a CAP system using a fluoroenzyme immunoassay.Results:Of the participants who had experienced Hymenoptera stings, 914 (91.5%) were FWs, 293 (82.8%) were EFFWs, and 295 (80.8%) were controls. Of the participants who had experienced systemic reactions, 210 (21.0%) were FWs, 51 (14.4%) were EFFWs, and 39 (10.7%) were controls. sIgE Ab in response to hornet and wasp venom was positive (≥ class 2) in 42.4% and 41.4% of FWs, 30.1% and 31.4% of EFFWs, and 15.1% and 18.1% of controls, respectively. The likelihood of being sIgE-positive to wasp and hornet venom was significantly higher in FWs and EFFWs than in controls (P < 0.05).Conclusions:21% of FWs and 14% of EFFWs had experienced systemic reactions to Hymenoptera stings with a higher frequency compared with office workers in the same area. 40% of FWs and 30% of EFFWs had sera that were sIgE positive to Hymenoptera venom.     

Use of CD63 expression as marker of in vitro basophil activation in identifying the culprit in insect venom allergy.

BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of insect venom allergy and the indication for specific immunotherapy is based on history, skin tests and demonstration of hymenoptera venom specific IgE-antibodies. In cases with contradictory test results additional cellular tests are recommended. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the usefulness of a newly introduced test based on basophil CD63 expression as marker of activation in comparison with the basophil histamine release test (BHR) and the cellular antigen stimulation test (CAST) measuring leukotriene release. METHODS: In 14 patients (10 males, 4 females; age; 12 to 67 years, mean: 42.5 +/- 15.1 years) with systemic reactions to hymenoptera stings in their history skin tests and determination of specific IgE-antibodies (CAP-RAST-FEIA) had shown inconsistent results: No demonstration of specific IgE-antibodies (n = 4), one sting by an unknown insect together with positive skin test and/or positive RAST to both bee and wasp venom (n = 4), several stings of partly unknown insects with positive skin test and/or demonstrable specific IgE-antibodies to more than one insect venom (n = 4), uncertain history and divergent results in skin test and/or RAST (n = 2). BHR, CAST and basophil activation test (BAT) were done according to the manufacturers with negative and positive controls and different concentrations of bee and wasp venom. The BAT is based on double staining with anti-IgE antibodies and anti-CD63 and subsequent determination of the percentage of activated basophils by flow cytometry. RESULTS: BAT and skin test were concordant in 42.9%, BAT and RAST in 57.1%. Concordance of all three cellular tests was seen in 57.1%, of BAT and BHR in 69.1%, of BAT and CAST in 78.6% and of BHR and CAST in 64.3%. In 6 cases where the three cellular tests (BHR, CAST, BAT) were not in accordance the addition of BAT led to a more reliable diagnostic result concerning the relevant insect in 3 cases and added no further information in 3 cases. BAT in controls always was negative. Correlation between CAST and BAT was higher than between CAST and BHR. CONCLUSIONS: In difficult cases of hymenoptera allergy, where history, skin tests and determination of specific antibodies do not allow a clear decision regarding the relevant insect species for immunotherapy, the additional performance of cellular tests (CAST and BAT) may be helpful.     

Relation of obesity to acute myocardial infarction in Japanese patients.

BACKGROUND: It remains uncertain whether obesity is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease in young adults, as well as adults, in Japan. METHODS AND RESULTS: In the present study, 1,260 cases of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and 3,775 community controls were recruited from the AMI-Kyoto Multi-Center Risk Study and Kyoto Citizen's Health and Nutrition Study, respectively. Obesity and other risk factors were retrospectively examined between cases and controls in each subgroup of young males (20-40 years), middle-aged males or females (40-60 years), older males or females (60-80 years), and very old males or females (80-100 years). In young, middle-aged, and older males, as well as in older females, cases had a higher body mass index (BMI) than controls. In young males, as well as in middle-aged and older females, cases had a higher prevalence of smoking than controls. Except for very old males, the prevalences of hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus were higher in each subgroup of cases than in controls. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that obesity (BMI >or=25) was an independent risk for AMI in young and middle-aged males, but not in females, whereas smoking was an independent risk for AMI in middle-aged and older females as well as in older males. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity is significantly associated with AMI, independent of the classic coronary risk factors, in young and middle-aged males. These findings support the current emphasis on controlling obesity to prevent coronary events in young Japanese male adults.     

Hymenoptera sting anaphylactic reactions in the Mediterranean population of Albania.

BACKGROUND: Relatively few studies have examined the relation of different hymenoptera sting reactions. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relation of anaphylactic reactions against stings of different hymenoptera subspecies in the Mediterranean population of Albania. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted using the clinic files of 111 patients who were diagnosed for hymenoptera sting reactions from 1987 to 1996. Antigens used consisted of purified hymenoptera venom (bee, wasp, and paperwasp). The patients were diagnosed by intracutaneous tests in concentrations of 0.001 microgram/ml, 0.01 microgram/ml, 0.1 microgram/ml, and 1 microgram/ml. RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 27 years. 57% of stings occurred between 20 to 40 years of age. The majority of anaphylactic reactions were recorded during the months of June to October, 81% of the patients were admitted to the hospital due to Mueller grade II to III reactions. In 26% of all cases, crossreactions (bee-wasp 16%, bee-wasp-paperwasp 7%, wasp-paperwasp 2%, bee-paperwasp 1%) were found. Of all anaphylactic reactions, 64% were attributed to bees, 24% to wasps, 8% to both bees and wasps, and 2% to paperwasps. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to industrialized countries such as the United States or Western Europe where urban populations predominate, reactions to bee venom were more prevalent in the present study population.     

Autoimmune pancreatitis in young patients

GOALS: To examine whether there is a difference in the autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) seen in young and elderly patients. BACKGROUND: AIP has a preponderance for elderly males, although the reason is unknown. STUDY: A total of 64 patients with AIP were divided into a young (<40 y old) group and a middle-aged or elderly group (> or =40 y old) according to the age at diagnosis. The clinical findings of each group were compared. RESULTS: The young group consisted of 6 patients (3 men, 3 women) with a mean age of 33.0 (range, 28 to 37) years. In the middle-aged or elderly group, there were 58 patients with a mean age of 66.4 (range, 46 to 83) years; males predominated (79%). Abdominal pain as the presenting symptom was significantly more frequent in the young group than in the middle-aged or elderly group (100% vs. 43%, P<0.05). Obstructive jaundice was detected in only 17% (1/6) of patients in the young group compared with 59% (34/58) of patients in the middle-aged or elderly group. Serum amylase elevations were detected more frequently in the young group than in the middle-aged or elderly group (83% vs. 40%, P<0.05). One young patient also had ulcerative colitis. CONCLUSIONS: Although rare in Japan, young patients with AIP show different clinical features from middle-aged or elderly patients with AIP; young patients are more likely to have abdominal pain and serum amylase elevations.     

Anaphylaxis in Latin American children and adolescents: The Online Latin American Survey on Anaphylaxis (OLASA)

ObjectivesTo identify the main clinical manifestations, triggers, and treatment of severe allergic reactions (SAR) in children and adolescents (n = 191, up to 18 years of age) seen by allergologists and registered in the Online Latin American Survey of Anaphylaxis (OLASA).Results53.0% of the patients were males and the aetiological agent was identified in 85.5% of them as follows: foods (36.1%), drugs (27.7%), and insect stings (26.2%). The most common symptoms during an acute episode were cutaneous (94.2%), and respiratory (78.5%). Most patients were treated in emergency setting, yet only 34.6% received parenteral epinephrine and 14.3% had to be hospitalised.ConclusionCutaneous symptoms ranked the order of clinical presentation of SAR. Food was the main triggering agent in the younger cases and insect sting and drugs in the adolescents. Treatment provided for SAR was not appropriate. It is necessary to improve educational programmes in order to enhance the knowledge on this potentially fatal emergency.     

老年人与中青年人大肠息肉临床特点对比研究

目的 探索老年人大肠息肉的临床特征.方法 收集在上海中医药大学附属曙光医院2006年1月-2019年12月行电子结肠镜检查并且病理证实为大肠息肉的患者1 000例,进行回顾性研究,按年龄分为老年组576例,中青年组424例.统计分析老年大肠息肉患者的临床症状、息肉大小、形态、部位、数目、息肉病理分型及其与息肉癌变的相关...     

Constitutively raised serum concentrations of mast-cell tryptase and severe anaphylactic reactions to Hymenoptera stings

Anaphylactic IgE-mediated reactions to Hymenoptera stings vary in their severity for reasons that are not clear. We investigated patients with a history of systemic anaphylatic reactions to honeybee or wasp stings. Nine (75%) of 12 patients with raised tryptase concentrations but only 28 (28%) of 102 patients with lower tryptase concentrations, had a history of severe sting reactions (p=0.004). Raised baseline serum concentrations of mast-cell tryptase and mastocytosis are potential risk factors for severe allergic reactions to Hymenoptera venom.     

镜下非活动期中心型气管支气管结核的临床表现及影像学特征分析

目的: 探讨不同类型镜下非活动期中心型气管支气管结核(简称“气管支气管结核”)的特征。 方法: 回顾性分析2017年1月至2020年12月首都医科大学附属北京胸科医院收治的267例镜下非活动期气管支气管结核患者的临床表现、影像学特征及支气管镜下检查情况。 结果: 267例患者中,男性79例,女性188例,男女比例为1∶2.38;年龄以20~40岁年龄组为主(55.43%,148/267)。临床表现:胸闷、气促 221 例(82.77%),咳嗽、咳痰166例(62.17%),发热35例(13.11%),咯血15例(5.62%),无症状20例(7.49%)。非活动期气管支气管结核主要累及部位:左主支气管124例(46.44%),右中间段支气管69例(25.84%),右主支气管48例(17.98%),气管26例(9.74%);左侧∶右侧病变比为1∶0.94(124∶117)。267例患者中,以管壁软化型为主者21例(7.87%),以瘢痕狭窄型为主者198例(74.16%),以管腔闭塞型为主者15例(5.62%),以反复回缩型为主者33例(12.36%);合并肺不张169例(63.30%),并发肺内空洞116例(43.45%),出现肺内多病灶195例(73.03%)。支气管管腔狭窄的CT表现与支气管镜检查检出符合率为98.13%(262/267)。 结论: 镜下非活动期气管支气管结核以女性、中青年人群多见,最常见症状为胸闷、气促,咳嗽、咳痰;CT检查与支气管镜检查检出符合率高,是镜检前的重要诊断手段。