试论在ICU镇痛和镇静安全管理中应用医护合作策略的有效性

目的总结在ICU镇痛和镇静安全管理中应用医护合作策略的有效性。方法筛选2013年10月至2014年10月在我院工作的医护人员,将其分成对照组(n=145例,施以普通医护管理);同时筛选2014年10月至2015年10月在我院工作的医护人员,将其分成观察组(n=147例,施以医护合作策略),对两组在在ICU镇痛和镇静安全管理中应用的有效性进行对照。结果施以医护合作策略之后,观察组医护合作评分、镇痛落实率、镇痛、镇静不足造成气管插管;气切套管非计划拔管发生情况、镇痛、镇静过度造成呼吸机相关性肺炎感发生率等指标均优于常规组(P0.05)。结论在在ICU镇痛和镇静安全管理中,有效应用医护合作策略,有助于提升其临床有效性,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

集束化护理干预在预防重症加强护理病房气管插管非计划拔管中的效果观察

目的:探讨集束化护理干预在预防重症加强护理病房(ICU)气管非计划拔管(UEX)中的应用效果.方法:选取2019年4月—2020年3月赣州市南康区第一人民医院ICU收治的120例气管插管患者为研究对象,根据数字表法将患者随机分为对照组(n=60)和观察组(n=60).对照组给予常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上采取集束化护理.对比两组非计划拔管发生率、机械通气机ICU住院时间、患者及家属护理满意度.结果:观察组UEX发生率3.33％,低于对照组的15.00％,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.904,P<0.05);观察组机械通气及ICU住院时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=6.877、88.412,P<0.05);观察组患者及家属护理满意度为95.00％,高于对照组的83.33％,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.227,P<0.05).结论:集束化护理干预可有效降低ICU气管插管患者非计划拔管发生率,缩短机械通气时间,加快康复进程,提升患者及家属护理满意度.     

追踪法方案对预防ICU气管插管非计划性拔管的效果研究

目的:探究追踪法方案对预防ICU气管插管非计划性拔管(UEX)的效果。方法:选取2015年7月-2016年6月本院ICU病房住院的气管插管患者100例。按照随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组,各50例。对照组采用常规护理方法,观察组在对照组基础上采用追踪法护理。比较两组护士相关知识、行为得分,比较两组UEX发生率及其因素、护理满意度。结果:观察组护士UEX知识、临床行为得分均高于对照组,比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组UEX发生率为4.0%,低于对照组的16.0%(P0.05);对照组患者发生管路滑脱因素有约束不当、躁动镇静不足、固定无效、观察巡视不到位,而观察组主要是约束不当和躁动镇静不足;两组患者均没有患者自行拔除的情况,对照组患者发生管路滑脱因素明显多于观察组,但比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);而且观察组对护理的满意度高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:追踪法进行导管护理观察的方法能及时准确的观察导管的留置长度、固定效果及早期导管滑脱迹象等情况,能提高护士防脱管风险管理意识和防脱管护理知识水平,降低脱管风险和UEX发生率,可以有效地预防UEX的发生。     

风险评估量表在ICU气管插管非计划拔管护理中的应用价值

目的观察风险评估量表在ICU气管插管非计划拔管(UEX)护理中的应用效果,评价其临床应用价值。方法根据是否应用风险评估量表将本次研究分为两个阶段,第一阶段为2014年1月~2015年4月,未应用风险评估量表;在对第一阶段气管插管UEX发生情况进行总结研究的基础上在2016年7月~2017年7月采用风险评估量表,对ICU气管插管UEX发生情况进行对比研究。结果风险评估量表信效度测试结果:量表Cronbach's Alpha系数0.102,校正后Cronbach's Alpha系数0.026,具有良好内部一致性。第二阶段UEX发生率2.61%与第一阶段发生率8.60%比较数据差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 ICU气管插管UEX原因较为复杂,应用风险评估量表能够通过评分评判出具有拔管倾向患者,从而根据评分采取针对性护理措施,可显著降低UEX发生率,值得临床应用与推广。     

强化护理干预在预防ICU气管插管非计划性拔管中的应用分析

目的:探讨强化护理干预在预防ICU气管插管非计划性拔管中的应用效果。方法:选取我院ICU病房2016年3月-2017年2月接收的60例行气管插管的病人,所有病人在气管插管的同时辅助于强化护理干预,观察干预后UEX的发生情况及护理满意率。结果:强化护理干预后,60例病人的UEX总发生率、夜间高发时段UEX发生率分别为1.67%、0%,且60例病人的护理满意率高达96.67%。结论:对ICU气管插管病人实施强化护理干预策略,可以显著降低气管插管期间UEX的发生率,保证置管期间的安全,提高护理满意度,临床意义较大。     

集束干预策略对重症监护室气管插管患者护理质量及并发症预防的影响

目的 探讨集束干预策略对重症监护室（intensive care unit,ICU）气管插管患者护理质量及并发症预防的影响。方法 选取2019年3月—2021年8月期间鄱阳县人民医院收治的60例ICU气管插管患者为研究对象,随机分为2组,各30例。对照组患者行一般常规护理,观察组患者在对照组基础上使用集束干预策略,比较分析2组患者气管插管相关并发症发生情况、恢复情况、护理质量和护理满意度。结果 观察组气管插管相关并发症发生率较对照组明显更低,气管插管时间和ICU住院时间较对照组明显更短（P<0.05）。观察组护理质量各项评分及总分较对照组明显更高（P<0.05）。观察组护理满意度较对照组明显更高（P<0.05）。结论 对重症监护室气管插管患者使用集束干预策略可预防并发症,提高护理质量。     

ICU患者气管插管非计划性拔管影响因素调查及防范措施效果评价

目的调查重症监护病房(Intensive care unit,ICU)患者非计划性拔管(unplanned extubation,UEX)的影响因素,并对相关防范措施进行效果评价。方法选取我院于2014年2月~2016年8月收治的ICU气管插管患者792例,按治疗时间和预防措施的不同,分为观察组和对照组。对照组394例于2014年2月~2015年7月行常规护理防范措施,观察组398例于2015年8月~2016年8月给予优化护理干预。总结ICU患者非计划性拔管的影响因素,并比较两组非计划性拔管的发生率。结果 792例气管插管患者中发生UEX的有28例,其影响因素主要有导管固定不牢(7例)、肢体约束不当(4例)、护士操作不当(2例)和患者因意识状态异常或舒适度改变自行拔管(15例);另外,夜晚和不使用镇静剂的UEX发生率(71.43%,64.29%)比白天、使用镇静剂的发生率(28.57%,35.71%)更高(P0.05)。经Logistic回归分析发现:导管固定不牢、肢体约束不当、护士操作不当、患者自行拔管、夜间行气管插管、未使用镇静剂为UEX发生的影响因素。两组非计划性拔管率比较,观察组(1.76%)明显低于对照组(5.33%),且差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论引起ICU患者非计划性拔管的因素主要有导管固定不牢、肢体约束不当、患者自行拔管等,同时夜间、不使用镇静剂时,UEX的发生率更高。对于以上原因,为降低非计划性拔管的发生率,规范护理操作,促使患者早日康复,采取有针对性的护理防范措施相比常规防范措施更加安全有效。     

U型护颈枕在俯卧位通气患者气管插管中的应用

目的:分析俯卧位通气患者气管插管中应用U型护颈枕的临床效果。方法:收集2020年3月—2021年3月我院ICU收治64例俯卧位通气患者,随机分为研究组和对照组每组各32例。两组患者均行常规气管插管操作,研究组患者加用U型护颈枕,比较两组患者不良事件发生率、护理满意度。结果:两组气管插管期间不良事件发生率比较,研究组明显低于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者护理满意度比较,研究组高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:俯卧位通气患者气管插管中采用U型护颈枕效果显著,可降低不良事件发生率,提高护理满意度,值得临床推广应用。     

综合性护理在预防ICU小儿气管插管非计划性拔管中的应用

目的:探究综合性护理在预防ICU小儿气管插管非计划性拔管的应用效果.方法:选取我院在2014年10月~2016年10月期间收治的ICU气管插管患儿96例作为本次的研究对象,使用随机数字表法将患者均分为实验组和对照组.给予实验组患者实施综合护理干预,给予对照组患者实施气管插管的常规护理,观察两组ICU患儿在气管插管期间的非计划性拔管发生情况.结果:实验组患儿出现非计划性拔管1例,发生率为2.08%(1/48),对照组患儿出现非计划性拔管6例,发生率为12.50%(6/48),两组患者结果比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:对ICU患儿进行综合性护理干预后能有效降低非计划拔管的风险,保障患儿的生命安全.     

防范气管插管后非计划拔管的护理

气管插管后非计划拔管（unplanned extubationUEX）指插管意外脱落或未经医护人员同意,患者将插管拔除,也包括医护人员操作不当所致拔管UEX分为自主拔管和事故拔管[1,2]。而气管插管的非计划拔管是重症监护病房（ICU）机械通气患者较为常见的严重并发症之一,     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.