国产癌胚抗原放射免疫分析药盒质量考察

用癌胚抗原国家质量控制血清作为标准物对１２个国产ＣＥＡ ＲＩＡ（癌胚抗的放射免疫分析）与ＩＲＭＡ（免疫放射分析）药盒进行了质量检验和分析。其中，８个ＣＥＡ ＲＩＡ药盒的ＮＳＢ／Ｔ％（非特异性结合百分率）〈％５，Ｂ０／Ｔ〉２５，│ｒ│〉０．９９００，有效剂量值ＥＤ２５、ＥＤ５０和ＥＤ７５均在剂量－反应曲线范围内，低、中、高质控血清测定均值都在各自的参考范围内，且偏倚均不超过±１０％；４个ＣＥＡ ＩＲ     

肿瘤相关抗原CA 19－9免疫放射分析（IRMA）与免疫酶标分析（IEMA）

以抗ＣＡ１９－９单克隆抗体Ｃ２４１为捕捉抗体，以Ｃ１９２为标记抗体建立了ＣＡ１９－９免疫放射分析（ＩＲＭＡ）和ＣＡ１９－９免疫酶标分析（ＩＥＭＡ），ＣＡ１９－９ＩＲＭＡ的标准曲线斜率Ｂ３００ｕ／Ｂ０为３７．１倍，可测定下限在４Ｕ／ｍｌ以下，批内ＣＶ５．１％，批间ＣＶ９．４％，平均回收率９８．６％。ＣＡ１９－９ＩＥＭＡ的标准曲线斜率Ｂ１５０ｕ／Ｂ０为８８．２倍，批内ＣＶ为２．４７％，批间ＣＶ为５．４％，回收率９９．５％。以ＩＲＭＡ方法检测正常血清９９例，ＣＡ１９．９为１２．９±８．５Ｕ／ｍｌ；胰腺癌患者３０例，血清ＣＡ１９－９为１６５．３±１１７．２Ｕ／ｍｌ。以３０Ｕ／ｍｌ为正常上限，则对胰腺癌检测的灵敏度为８６．６％，特异性９６．９７％，说明该方法在胰腺癌诊断中有重要应用价值。本文中的ＣＡ１９－９ＩＲＭＡ已成为第一个国产ＣＡ１９－９试剂盒，开始在全国推广应用。     

CHARACTERISTICS OF CIRCULATORY MECHANICS AND HEMODYNAMICS EFFECTED BY GASTRODIN AND SODIUM NITROPRUSSIDE

ＣＨＡＲＡＣＴＥＲＩＳＴＩＣＳＯＦＣＩＲＣＵＬＡＴＯＲＹＭＥＣＨＡＮＩＣＳＡＮＤＨＥＭＯＤＹＮＡＭＩＣＳＥＦＦＥＣＴＥＤＢＹＧＡＳＴＲＯＤＩＮＡＮＤＳＯＤＩＵＭＮＩＴＲＯＰＲＵＳＳＩＤＥＷａｎｇＺｈｅｎｇｒｏｎｇ，ＬｕｏＨｏｎｇｌｉｎ，ＸｉａｏＪｉｎ...     

遗传性运动感觉性神经病合并肥厚性心肌病的3D-TCD、rCBF、BAEP和ECG的研究

目的了解遗传性运动感觉性神经病（ＨＭＳＮ）合并肥厚性心肌病（ＨＣＭ）的经颅多普勒（ＴＣＤ）、局部脑血流量（ｒＣＢＦ）、脑干听觉诱发电位（ＢＡＥＰ）和心电图（ＥＣＧ）的变化。方法对一家三代ＨＭＳＮ合并ＨＣＭ１２例患者和１例无症状者常规进行这四项检查。结果ＴＣＤ、ｒＣＢＦ、ＢＡＥＰ和ＥＣＧ的异常率分别为８５％、７６％、９２％和９２％。结论绝大多数ＨＭＳＮ合并ＨＣＭ患者的ＴＣＤ、ｒＣＢＦ、ＢＡＥＰ和ＥＣＧ均异常。     

小鼠胸腺基质细胞系（MTEC1）对裸鼠骨髓细胞的诱…

在体外建立的小鼠胸腺基质细胞系（ＭＴＥＣ１）及其培养上清（ＭＴＥＣ１－ＳＮ）与裸鼠骨髓（ＢＭ）细胞共同培养，通过直接荧光素标记抗体，ＦＡＣＳ分析其细胞表面标志表明，ＭＴＥＣ１及ＭＴＥＣ１－ＳＮ均有诱导促进Ｔｈｙ·１＾－ＣＤ＾－４ＣＤ＾－８的ＢＭ细胞表达Ｔｈｙ·１，ＣＤ４及ＣＤ８分子的作用。在培养或共育三天时，ＭＴＥＣ１－ＳＮ可促进ＢＭ细胞分化形成ＣＤ＾＋４Ｔｈｙ·１＾－，ＣＤ＾－４Ｔｈｙ·１＾＋细     

A NONLINEAR DISTRIBUTED-LUMPED HYBRID PARAMETER MODEL OF THE ARTERIAL SYSTEM

ＡＮＯＮＬＩＮＥＡＲＤＩＳＴＲＩＢＵＴＥＤ－ＬＵＭＰＥＤＨＹＢＲＩＤＰＡＲＡＭＥＴＥＲＭＯＤＥＬＯＦＴＨＥＡＲＴＥＲＩＡＬＳＹＳＴＥＭＦａｎＹｕｂｏ，ＣｈｅｎＪｕｎｋａｉ，ＫａｎｇＺｈｅｎｈｕａｎｇ，ＹｕａｎＺｈｉｒｕｎ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＥｎ...     

COMPARISON OF BREAST MASS SIZE ON ULTRASONOGRAPHY,CUT-SURFACE OF RESECTED SPECIMEN,AND PALPATION

ＣＯＭＰＡＲＩＳＯＮＯＦＢＲＥＡＳＴＭＡＳＳＳＩＺＥＯＮＵＬＴＲＡＳＯＮＯＧＲＡＰＨＹ，ＣＵＴ－ＳＵＲＦＡＣＥＯＦＲＥＳＥＣＴＥＤＳＰＥＣＩＭＥＮ，ＡＮＤＰＡＬＰＡＴＩＯＮＣＯＭＰＡＲＩＳＯＮＯＦＢＲＥＡＳＴＭＡＳＳＳＩＺＥＯＮＵＬＴＲＡＳＯＮＯＧＲ...     

胸腺基质细胞的抗原提呈作用

目的 研究胸腺基质细胞的抗原提呈能力。方法 应用ＯＶＡ－特异的、受Ｉ－Ａ＾ｄ分子识别限制的辅助Ｔ细胞杂交瘤（３ＤＯ．１８．３）识别提呈的ＯＶＡ的ＣＮＢｒ水解片段而被活化后产生ＩＬ－２,测定ＩＬ－２活性来分析胸腺基质细胞的抗原提呈作用。结果ＩＦＮ－γ能促进ＭＴＥＣＩ和ＭＴＳＣ４表达Ｉ－Ａ＾ｄ分子,并促进ＭＴＳＣ４表达Ｂ７－１分子。经ＩＦＮ－γ作用后,ＭＴＥＣ１和ＭＴＳＣ４均有抗原提呈能力,ＭＴＳＣ     

A NEW ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR O_2 AND CO_2 TRANSFER IN SHELL-AND-TUBE(INTRA-LUMINALFLOW)OXYGEN AT ORS

ＡＮＥＷＡＮＡＬＹＴＩＣＡＬＭＥＴＨＯＤＦＯＲＯ２ＡＮＤＣＯ２ＴＲＡＮＳＦＥＲＩＮＳＨＥＬＬ－ＡＮＤ－ＴＵＢＥ（ＩＮＴＲＡ－ＬＵＭＩＮＡＬＦＬＯＷ）ＯＸＹＧＥＮＡＴＯＲＳＡＮＥＷＡＮＡＬＹＴＩＣＡＬＭＥＴＨＯＤＦＯＲＯ２ＡＮＤＣＯ２ＴＲＡＮＳＦＥＲＩ...     

非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病人血浆内皮素水平与游离脂肪酸浓度的关系

为探讨非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病（Ｎｏｎｉｎｓｕｌｉｎ－ｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔｄｉａｂｅｔｅｓｍｅｌｌｉｔｕｓ,ＮＩＤＤＭ）人内皮细胞损伤的可能机制,作者采用放射免疫法和反相高效液相色谱技术（ＨＰＬＣ）同时测定了３４例正常人和５６例ＮＩＤＤＭ病人血浆内皮素（ＥＴ）和游离脂肪酸（ＦＦＡ）浓度。结果显示：ＮＩＤＤＭ病人血浆ＥＴ和ＦＦＡ浓度较正常对照明显升高（均ｐ＜０．０１）,且血浆ＥＴ与空腹血糖（ＦＢＧ）水平和ＦＦＡ总浓度呈明显正相关（ｒ＝０．３２４和,ｒ＝０．３５１,均Ｐ＜０．０１）。结果提示：ＮＩＤＤＭ患者高血糖、脂肪酸代谢紊乱及胰岛素抵抗在其血管内皮损伤中可能有重要作用。     

癌胚抗原工作标准品的制备

制备供免疫分析用的癌胚抗原工作标准品并标定其免疫效价,用4．6mg/LCEA纯品溶液和PH7．4的1％人白蛋白－50mmol Na2HPO4-NaH2PO4溶液配制浓度为320μg/L的工作标准品溶液。将该溶液按每安瓿（amp.)0.5mL(160ng/amp.)分装、冻干。以国产CEA RIA和CEA IRMA药盒现行标准品为对照品,标定工作标准品效价,并与国际参考制剂1stIRP CEA HUMAN73／601进行对照实验。以药盒标准品为对照品,工作标准品平均免疫效价为163ng/amo.,95%可信为159－168ng/amp.,工作标准品与国际参考剂的剂量－反应曲线不显著偏离平行。CEA工作标准品与国际参考制剂1stIRP CEA73/60在免疫学反应中是同质的,可以作为实验室间对照品使用。     

Studies on the relative in-vitro biological potency of the naturally-occurring isoforms of intrapituitary follicle stimulating hormone

In the present study, we analysed and compared the relativein-vitro biological activity of the various intrapituitary humanfollicle stimulating hormone (FSH) isoforms employing two differentbioassay systems. FSH was fractionated by chromatofocusing (pHrange 7.10 to <3.80) and the several isoforms isolated werequantified at multiple dose levels by three highly specificimmunoassay systems: radioimmunoassay (RIA), enzyme-immunoassay(EIA) and immunoradiometric assay (IRMA), as well as by twoin-vitro bioassays, one that measures the amount of oestrogenproduced by rat granulosa cells in culture and the other thatdetermines the amount of cAMP produced by a human fetal cellline (293) expressing the recombinant human FSH receptor. Therelative in-vitro biological activity of each FSH isoform, expressedas the bioassay/ immunoassay (B/I) activity ratio (B/RIA, B/EIAand B/IRMA ratios) varied with its elution pH value. Regardlessof the immunoassay or bioassay method employed, less acidicFSH isoforms exhibited higher B/l ratios than their more acidiccounterparts (B/RIA, B/EIA and B/IRMA ratios for isoforms withelution pH values >4.5 = 1.05 ± 0.13, 0.99 ±0.10 and 1.15 ± 0.08 (rat oestrogen bioassay), and 2.75± 0.34, 2.20 ± 0.25 and 2.96 ± 0.35 (humancAMP production bioassay) respectively. Ratios for isoformswith pH values <4.5 = 0.71 ± 0.06, 0.47 ± 0.05and 0.63 ± 0.06 (rat oestrogen assay), and 1.80 ±0.26, 1.10 ± 0.09 and 1.44 ± 0.13 (cAMP assay)respectively (P<0.05 for isoforms with pH <4.5 comparedwith those isoforms with pH >4.5)]. Furthermore, statisticallysignificant direct relationships between the B/RIA, B/EIA andB/IRMA ratios and the elution pH value of each isoform was identifiedby regression analysis [rat assay: r = 0.844, 0.800 and 0.780(P<0.01); human assay: r = 0.730, 0.845 and 0.821 (P<0.01),for their corresponding B/RIA, B/EIA and B/IRMA ratios respectively].The finding of significant differences in relative in-vitrobiological potency among the various intrapituitary FSH isoformsstrongly suggests that the shifts towards the production andsecretion of more basic or acidic FSH molecules occurring incertain specific physiological conditions (e.g. puberty andmenstrual cycle), may represent an important mechanism throughwhich the anterior pituitary regulates gonadal function. follicle stimulating hormone/FSH bioactivity/FSH glycoforms/granulosa cells/recombinant FSH receptor     

Immunoradiometric versus radioimmunoassay: a comparison using alpha-fetoprotein as the model analyte

With alpha-fetoprotein as a model a formal comparison has been made between inhibition type radioimmunoassay with radioiodinated antigen, liquid-phase incubation and double antibody separation (RIA) and variants of the sandwich immunoradiometric assay (IRMA). ¹²⁵I-antibody was prepared (expensively) by labelling the IgG fraction and subsequently undertaking immunopurification to yield a reproducibly high quality reagent, 70–75% being reactive with antigen. The same antiserum was coupled to Sepharose 4B for use in the IRMA and separation was by the sucrose layer procedure (Hunter, 1980) which obviates the need for centrifugation. The principal basis used for the comparison was computer-generated precision profiles (Ekins, 1976), each of which was derived from 10 assays of each kind.An IRMA system in which antigen, labelled antibody and solid-phase antibody were incubated together for 3 h had a 3-fold wider working range and a 20-fold lower detection limit than an RIA employing a 2 h incubation of antigen with antibody, a further 2 h after addition of labelled antigen, followed by 16 h for precipitation of the bound fraction by second antibody.Taking the 3 h IRMA as the reference point, the response curve was shifted to cover lower antigen ranges, (a) 2-fold by incubating antigen and solid-phase antibody for 3 h, with labelled antibody then added for a further 16 h, or (b) 6-fold by reacting antigen with labelled antibody for 16 h followed by 3 h incubation with solid-phase antibody. The latter system was compared with a sensitive RIA employing 16 h incubation of antigen with antibody followed by 8 h after addition of labelled antigen and a further 16 h with second antibody. Both of these assays incorporated 100 μl serum and the working range was 4-fold wider and detection limit 10-fold lower for the IRMA than for RIA. In the IRMA system non-specific serum effects were small and remarkably constant for different sera.The antiserum to AFP was raised in a sheep and it was found necessary to incorporate non-immune sheep serum in the IRMA incubates to take up the circulating antibodies to ruminant immunoglobulins which were present in at least 7% of healthy subjects and otherwise gave rise to positive bias.     

人促卵泡生成激素IRMA法与RIA法对比的实验观察

IRMA法试剂盒采用两株单克隆抗体, 一株用于包被作为固相抗体, 另一株用于标记Na125I为标记物, 所用标准品与RIA法相同.结果显示, IRMA法试剂盒反应时间短, 不用加分离剂专门离心, 同时, IRMA试剂盒还具有灵敏度高、特异性强和稳定性好等优点; 两种方法测值相关系数为0.9800.     

Long-term follow-up of Hepatitis B Surface antibody levels in subjects receiving universal Hepatitis B vaccination in infancy in an area of hyperendemicity: correlation between radioimmunoassay and enzyme immunoassay

The aims of the present study were to determine (i) the long-term immunogenicity and the decay rate of hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antibody (anti-HBs) from universal hepatitis B vaccination at infancy for a healthy population in an area of hyperendemicity and (ii) whether the anti-HBs levels measured by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) were closely correlated with those assayed by radioimmunoassay (RIA) methods during long-term monitoring. A total of 1,337 apparently healthy children (696 boys and 641 girls) who were vaccinated against HBV at infancy and monitored for anti-HBs annually from 7 to 16 years of age entered the study. Serum samples were analyzed for anti-HBs by RIA at 7 to 15 years of age and were also analyzed by EIA at 13 to 16 years of age. Antibody titers were quantified in mIU/ml by EIA as well as by the ratio of the count in the sample to the count for a negative control (S/N) by RIA. In non-boosted children, the average decay of anti-HBs from 7 to 16 years of ages indicated that approximately 20% of the geometric mean titer decays per year. There was a good correlation between serum anti-HBs levels measured by the RIA and the EIA methods (r=0.91; P<0.0001). An equation for RIA to EIA level conversion was established: log EIA titer=-0.12+ (1.31 . log RIA S/N). The anti-HBs titers measured by EIA correlate well with the S/N assayed by RIA. The annual decay rate of the log anti-HBs level may help in planning booster immunizations for hypo-responders or individuals at risk in adolescence.     

Comparison of four human growth hormone (hGH) immunoassay kits and analysis of recognition of circulating forms

Three immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) kits (Pharmacia, bioMérieux and Cis-ELISA) and one competitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) kit (Cis-SB) designed for routine hGH quantitation were compared. Reproducibility was better with the IRMAs than with the RIA, especially when hGH levels were low (less than 3 mUI/l). This substantial advantage was responsible for a decrease in the qualitative detection threshold from 1.22 mUI/l for the RIA to approximately 0.08 mUI/l for the IRMAs. Analysis of accuracy showed that the Cis-ELSA kit overestimated recovery of added hGH (1st IRP 66/217) and demonstrated a marked influence of matrix effects with Cis-ELSA and Cis-SB. Pharmacia and bioMérieux kits were more accurate and showed less sensitivity to matrix effects. hGH concentrations obtained with the four kits were determined in 113 normal or abnormal sera. Despite the above-mentioned differences in accuracy, the three IRMAs yielded comparable results. Concentrations measured using the RIA were higher than those obtained with the other kits. Two sera were submitted to gel filtration chromatography. hGH assays in the fractions obtained showed that the immunologic systems used in the kits display different levels of immunoreactivity towards the circulating oligomeric and dimeric forms of hGH that they recognize. These data suggest that normal reference values should be established for each kit.     

异嗜性抗体对甲状腺功能测定干扰作用的研究

目的 研究异嗜性抗体(HAb)对甲状腺功能测定的干扰,分析其临床特点并探讨减少和排除干扰作用的方法.方法 2008年5月-2009年6月,在我院选择296例甲状腺功能测定表现为血浆TSH水平不适当增高的患者(FT3、FT4测定采用固相放射免疫分析方法,TSH测定采用免疫放射分析方法-IRMA),其中9例疑诊HAb增多症...     

Immunogenicity of low doses of hepatitis B vaccine in children: a study in 650 New Zealand children

Six hundred and fifty New Zealand children from 2-12 years of age were vaccinated three times with 2 mcg intramuscular (IM) doses of Merck Sharp and Dohme plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine (H-B-Vax), at 0, 1, and 6 months, and tested 2-3 months later for antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Overall, 96.5% of the children seroconverted for anti-HBs by RIA, having levels greater than 2.1 RIA S/N units, with 91.2% having values greater than 10 S/N units. Anti-HBs levels were also determined by enzyme immunoassay (EIA), by which method a significantly better response was demonstrated in 2-4-year-olds than in older children. This study demonstrated that a satisfactory anti-HBs response was obtained using one-fifth of the recommended doses of hepatitis B vaccine.     

A chemiluminescent, microparticle-membrane capture immunoassay for the detection of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen

A chemiluminescent, microparticle-membrane capture immunoassay (CLIA/MMC) for the detection of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) is described. The assay utilizes recombinant hepatitis B core antigen coupled to carboxylated latex microparticles. Human polyclonal IgG anti-HBc labelled with acridinium competes with antibody in the sample for a limited number of binding sites on the solid phase. After a 40 min incubation at 40 degrees C, the reaction mixture is transferred to a glass fiber capture membrane and washed. A chemiluminescent signal is produced by addition of alkaline peroxide and is quantitated on a semi-automated reader as described. The CLIA/MMC assay was compared with standard EIA and RIA procedures (Corzyme and Corab, respectively, Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, IL). Assay sensitivities were RIA greater than CLIA/MMC greater than EIA. A population of 200 normal blood donors showed nearly identical distributions with the CLIA/MMC and RIA (mean = 11% inhibition, SD = 13% for both), compared with the EIA (mean = 13% inhibition, SD = 15%). With a selected plasma population (n = 307), the CLIA/MMC immunoassay showed an excellent correlation (r = 0.94) with both the EIA and RIA procedures. Association of anti-HBc reactivity near assay cutoffs with antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen suggested relative specificity in the order RIA greater than CLIA/MMC greater than EIA. The CLIA/MMC procedure, which can be readily automated, provides a non-istopic alternative to current EIA testing with performance more nearly equivalent to RIA.     

Recent developments of measurements for pituitary-thyroid hormones: evaluation of five immunometric assay methods (RI and non RI methods

We evaluated five commercially available immunoassay kits for pituitary-thyroid function tests. The possible interference in analysis by immunoglobulin G (IgG) has also been examined. The BeriLux TSH assay kit (Hoechst co. FRG) was compared with two other non-RI methods (AIA-1200 and IMx) and two other immunoradiometric assays (RIA-gnost TSH IRMA and EIKEN IRMA kits) in 32 normal subjects and 92 patients with Graves' disease. The new ICMA BeriLux kit had a marked improved analytical and clinical sensitivity. The minimal detectable level of TSH in the assay was 0.006 mU/l. The precision was 2.8% and 6.1% at 0.093 +/- 0.003 mU/l and 0.028 +/- 0.002 mU/l, respectively, whereas the levels for the other methods were above 17.2% and 59.4% respectively. The TSH pattern was always less than 0.006 mU/l with the BeriLux kit, before and after TRH administration whereas the other methods showed random fluctuations which indicated their low accuracy at this concentration. This new ICMA BeriLux kit appears far more reliable than the ordinary immunometric assay kits.