定量门控~(99)Tc~m-tetrofosmin心肌显像测量左室功能

目的　探讨定量门控 (QG) 99Tcm tetrofosmin心肌显像测量左室功能的临床应用价值。方法　 74例受试者进行了门控99Tcm tetrofosmin心肌显像 ,采用QGSPECT专用分析程序全自动测量左室功能。其中 36例同时进行静息门控心室显像 ,以比较两种方法测量左室功能的相关性。结果　①74例99Tcm tetrofosminQGSPECT全自动定量测定左室功能均获成功。②QGSPECT全自动测量 36例受试者的静息左室射血分数 (LVEF)、舒张末期容积 (EDV)、收缩末期容积 (ESV)分别与静息门控心室显像计算结果显著正相关 (r分别为 0 .85 9,0 .914,0 .95 0 ,P均 <0 .0 0 1) ,重复性好。③心肌缺血组 (n =2 8)静息LVEF与对照组 (n =2 3)比较差异无显著性 ,而心肌梗死组 (n =9)静息LVEF明显低于对照组 (t=6 .33,P <0 .0 0 1)。结论　定量门控心肌显像99Tcm tetrofosmin能准确评价左室功能     

潘生丁负荷后1h和24h~(99)Tc~m-MIBI门控SPECT显示其可诱发的短暂的持续心肌顿抑

目的 :研究潘生丁负荷后门控单光子发射计算机断层显像 (SPECT)是否能反映静息室壁运动 ,以及由潘生丁负荷所诱发的心肌顿抑。方法 :6 2例患者 (冠心病 5 7例 ,胸痛 5例 )首日进行潘生丁负荷门控 99Tcm -甲氧基异丁基异腈 (99Tcm - MIBI) SPECT和静息 2 0 1　 Tl SPECT;次日行 2 4h延迟 2 0 1　 Tl SPECT和静息门控 99Tcm- MIBI SPECT。负荷和静息门控 99Tcm- MIBI SPECT在注射显像剂 1h后进行。心肌被分为 17个节段 ,灌注分 4个标准 (0示正常、1示轻度减低、2示严重减低、3示缺损 ) ;室壁运动采用另外 4个标准 (0示正…     

门控心肌显像局部室壁运动异常对判断冠状动脉狭窄程度的价值

目的　探讨99Tcm 甲氧基异丁基异腈 (MIBI)门控心肌显像可逆性局部室壁运动异常(RWMA)对判断冠状动脉 (简称冠脉 )狭窄程度的价值。方法　 116例疑诊冠心病患者 ,在行运动 静息99Tcm MIBI门控心肌显像前后 2周内进行冠脉造影 (CAG)。运动显像于运动后 15～ 2 0min内进行图像采集 ;应用 2 0节段 5分制进行室壁运动及增厚率评分。结果　用心肌显像可逆性RWMA判断狭窄程度≥ 75 %冠脉狭窄的灵敏度为 6 5 % ,特异性为 97% ;用可逆性RWMA区别严重冠脉狭窄 (≥75 % )和不严重冠脉狭窄 (<75 % )有较高的阳性预测值 (98% )。多因素分析示负荷室壁运动总积分(SSSWM)、室壁运动差分值 (SDSWM)和运动显像灌注总积分 (SSS)是濒危冠脉积分的独立危险因子。结论　根据99Tcm MIBI门控心肌显像可逆性RWMA判断严重冠脉狭窄特异性和阳性预测值较高。运动后及可逆性RWMA可提高心肌灌注显像对冠脉狭窄程度的评估价值。     

99 Tcm-tetrofosmin与99Tcm-MIBI心肌显像的对比研究

目的　评价99Tcm 1,2 双 [双 2 乙氧乙基膦 ]乙烷 (tetrofosmin)诊断冠心病的临床价值。方法　经冠脉造影、病历资料完整的 5 3例患者 ,其中行99Tcm tetrofosmin心肌灌注显像 2 7例 ,行99Tcm MIBI心肌灌注显像 2 6例。运动负荷试验按Bruce方案进行。Tetrofosmin显像于给药后 30min行心肌断层显像 ,间隔 2 4h后作静息心肌断层显像 ,运动 静息一日法则在 4h后作静息心肌断层显像 ;MIBI显像于给药后 1～ 2h行心肌断层显像 ,48h后作静息心肌断层显像。冠脉造影采用Judkins法。结果　99Tcm tetrofosmin心肌灌注显像 ,运动、静息显像以及运动 静息一日法心肌显像均获得了清晰的心肌断层图像 ,均未发现邻近器官有明显的放射性干扰。Tetrofosmin诊断冠心病的灵敏度为 90 % ,MIBI的诊断灵敏度为 94% ,两者间差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。Tetrofosmin的检测效率为 85 .2 % ,MIBI的检测效率为88.5 % ,两者间差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。Tetrofosmin和MIBI的阳性预测值分别为 90 .0 %和 89.5 % ,诊断特异性分别为 71%和 75 %。结论　99Tcm tetrofosmin心肌显像对冠心病心肌缺血具有较高的诊断价值 ,且适用于运动 静息一日法心肌显像     

乳腺癌及腋淋巴结转移~(99)Tc~m-tetrofosmin与~(99)Tc~m-MIBI显像的对比研究

目的　比较99Tcm tetrofosmin和99Tcm 甲氧基异丁基异腈 (MIBI)显像诊断乳腺癌和腋淋巴结转移的临床价值。方法　对 5 2例乳腺肿瘤患者进行99Tcm tetrofosmin和99Tcm MIBI显像。患者均在 2周内行外科手术治疗 ,并做病理检查。结果　 2 6例患者病理检查证实为乳腺癌 ,其中 30例为良性病变。99Tcm tetrofosmin显像发现乳腺癌 2 1例 ,其中 11例合并腋淋巴结转移 ;99Tcm MIBI显像发现乳腺癌 19例 ,其中 12例合并腋淋巴结转移。99Tcm tetrofosmin和99Tcm MIBI显像对乳腺癌诊断的灵敏度、特异性和准确性分别为 80 8%、76 7%、78 6 %和 73 1%、73 3%、73 2 % ;诊断腋淋巴结转移的灵敏度、特异性和准确性分别为 6 8 8%、80 0 %、76 0 %和 75 0 %、80 0 %、76 9%。结论　99Tcm tetrofosmin显像对乳腺癌的检出优于99Tcm MIBI显像     

冠心病患者~(201)Tl和~(99)Tc~m-MIBI双核素心肌灌注显像

目的　探讨静息2 0 1 Tl 负荷99Tcm 甲氧基异丁基异腈 (MIBI)双核素心肌SPECT显像在冠心病诊断中的价值。方法　对 36例冠心病患者行2 0 1 Tl负荷 延迟再分布心肌SPECT显像 ;常规潘生丁药物负荷高峰时 ,静脉注射2 0 1 Tl111～ 14 8MBq ,15min后进行心肌显像。对 2 3例冠心病患者和 9例正常人行静息2 0 1 Tl负荷、99Tcm MIBI双核素心肌SPECT显像 ,静息状态注射2 0 1 Tl111～ 14 8MBq ,注射后5min给予潘生丁药物负荷 ,高峰时注射99Tcm MIBI 92 5MBq。 1h后行双核素显像。结果　 36例冠心病患者2 0 1 Tl负荷 延迟再分布心肌显像的阳性率为 83 33% ,2 3例冠心病患者双核素心肌显像的阳性率为 10 0 % ,两组阳性率比较差异有显著性 (χ2 =4 2 6 7,P =0 0 4 3)。 9例正常受检者均为阴性。结论双核素心肌显像对冠心病的检出率较高 ,省时、安全并可获得高质量图像 ,对冠心病诊断有较高临床价值。     

门控~(99)Tc~m-MIBI心肌SPECT显像局部室壁运动和收缩增厚的自动定量的重复性

目的 :研究测定门控 99Tcm - MIBI心肌灌注显像局部室壁运动和收缩增厚的自动定量算法的重复性。方法 :对 31例确诊或疑有冠心病的患者进行门控 99Tcm-MIBI SPECT潘生丁负荷检查 ,每例病人在相同的位置连续采集两次。应用 Auto QU ANT软件将心肌分成 2 0个片段 ,自动对这些片段进行室壁运动和收缩增厚的定量分析 ,分别以毫米数和百分率表示 ,整个过程自动完成 ,无手动介入。然后 ,研究重复测定间的相关和一致性 ,采用方差分析和 t检验评估室壁定位、灌注分级和心肌划分对重复性的影响。结果 :心肌室壁运动的平均值为 (5 .9± 3.0 )…     

门控99Tcm-MIBI/18F-FDG双核素同时采集显像评价左心室功能

目的探讨门控99Tcm-甲氧基异丁基异腈(MIBI)/18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)双核素同时采集(DISA)显像评价左心室功能的临床价值.方法 77例冠心病患者行门控DISA,其中53例行X线左心室造影(LVG),分别比较LVG心室射血分数(EF)值和DISA法门控99Tcm-MIBI和18F-FDG 同时显像所得EF值.局部室壁运动行Kappa值比较.结果门控99Tcm-MIBI和门控18F-FDG显像所得EF值间相关性高(r=0.90,P<0.001).两者与LVG EF值相关性均高(r分别为0.86和0.85,P均<0.001).门控99Tcm-MIBI和18F-FDG显像与LVG比较Kappa值分别为0.765和0.742.结论门控99Tcm-MIBI/18F-FDG DISA可同时了解左室心肌灌注、代谢及功能,提供左心室功能的重要信息,有重要的临床价值.     

~(99)Tc~m-MIBI门控心肌显像测定局部室壁收缩增厚率对冠心病的诊断价值

目的　探讨心肌局部室壁收缩增厚率 (STR)与心肌局部室壁运动状态和冠状动脉 (简称冠脉 )狭窄程度间的关系及其临床意义。方法　对 34例冠心病 (CAD)患者和 8例正常受检者行静息99Tcm 甲氧基异丁基异腈 (MIBI)门控心肌断层显像。根据冠脉和左室造影所得冠脉狭窄程度和运动状态分组。取收缩末期和舒张末期图像计算STR值。结果　对照组和CAD无室壁运动异常组与室壁运动减弱组、无室壁运动组及矛盾运动组之间的STR值差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 1或P <0 .0 5 ) ;对照组与冠脉轻度、中度、重度狭窄节段之间STR差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 1或P <0 .0 5 ) ,且STR与该节段供血冠脉狭窄程度呈负相关 (r =- 0 .74,P <0 .0 1)。STR判定室壁运动异常的灵敏度为77 9% ,特异性为 90 .9% ;判断冠脉中度以上狭窄 (冠脉狭窄 >5 0 % )和重度狭窄 (冠脉狭窄 >80 % )的灵敏度分别为 5 3.8%和 73.4% ,特异性分别为 93.1%和 88.9%。结论　STR可比较准确地反映心肌局部室壁运动状态及局部供血冠脉的狭窄程度     

99TCm-MIBI联合67Ga心肌显像诊断小儿病毒性心肌炎

目的　探讨99Tcm 甲氧基异丁基异腈 (MIBI)心肌灌注显像联合6 7Ga心肌显像诊断小儿病毒性心肌炎 (VMC)的价值。方法　 78例VMC患儿 ,其中急性期 (<6个月 ) 4 5例 ,慢性期 (>6个月) 33例 ,分别行99Tcm MIBI心肌灌注显像和6 7Ga心肌显像。结果　 4 5例急性期患儿中 31例(6 8 9% ) 99Tcm MIBI心肌灌注显像出现不同程度的放射性分布异常 ,38例 (84 4 % ) 6 7Ga心肌显像示心脏部位异常放射性浓聚 ;33例慢性期患儿中 2 3例 (6 9 7% ) 99Tcm MIBI心肌灌注显像阳性 ,6 7Ga心肌显像仅10例 (30 3% )阳性。急性期两者结果差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 ) ;慢性期两者差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　99Tcm MIBI心肌灌注显像联合6 7Ga心肌显像对诊断小儿VMC及观察病情演变有较高价值。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.