阈值和阈值前期早产儿视网膜病变儿童视网膜电图观察

目的用全视野闪光视网膜电图（F-ERG）评价既往患阈值或阈值前期早产儿视网膜病变（ROP）JL童的视网膜功能。方法用F-ERG检查34例（68眼）既往有早产儿童,患阈值或阈值前期ROP者24例（48眼）,出生年龄体重匹配的未患ROP者10例（20眼）。统计分析两组儿童暗视和明视各反应a波、b波潜伏期和振幅的差异。结果ROP组较对照组暗视视杆反应和最大混合反应a波、b波潜伏期延长,振幅降低,差异有统计学意义,P〈O．05。ROP组与对照组明视视锥反应a波、b波振幅和潜伏期无明显差别,P〉0．05。结论阈值或阈值前期ROP视网膜功能受到影响,以视杆细胞的功能降低为主。F-ERG是评价早产儿视网膜功能有效检测手段。     

早产儿全视野闪光视网膜电图检查

目的观察全视野闪光视网膜电图（F-ERG）在早产儿视网膜病变（ROP）中的变化及其评价早产儿视网膜功能的可行性。方法 4～12周龄早产儿84例（168眼）,其中ROP（＋）组30例,ROP（-）组54例。在睡眠状态下进行F-ERG检查,记录视杆反应、最大混合反应以及视锥反应。成人组为健康成年人15例（30眼）。F-ERG的记录遵循ISCEV2000年修订的临床视觉电生理国际标准化程序。结果 F-ERG各反应波形发生率3组比较,ROP（＋）组最低,差异均有统计学意义（视杆反应：χ2=50.710,P=0.000;最大混合反应：χ2=32.002,P=0.000;视锥反应：χ2=23.992,P=0.000）。ROP（＋）组和ROP（-）组视杆反应波形发生率低于视锥反应,差异均有统计学意义（χ2=20.306,P=0.000;χ2=12.706,P=0.000）。3组F-ERG各反应a波、b波隐含时及振幅的比较,差异均有统计学意义（视杆反应：b波隐含时F=66.405,P=0.000;b波振幅F=180.496,P=0.000。最大混合反应：a波隐含时F=9.536,P=0.000;a波振幅F=189.150,P=0.000;b波隐含时F=89.851,P=0.000;b波振幅F=278.984,P=0.000。视锥反应：a波隐含时F=37.526,P=0.000;a波振幅F=67.182,P=0.000;b波隐含时F=32.470,P=0.000;b波振幅F=145.631,P=0.000）。除视锥反应a波振幅和b波隐含时ROP（＋）组与ROP（-）组比较以及最大混合反应a波隐含时ROP（-）组与成人组比较外,ROP（＋）组余各反应a波、b波隐含时明显延长,振幅明显降低,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论出生后4～12周早产儿的视网膜功能仍处于发育过程中,视杆细胞较视锥细胞成熟晚;而ROP对其视网膜功能有一定的影响,且主要影响视杆细胞功能,其影响与病变程度有关。F-ERG可以作为评价早产儿视网膜功能的检测手段之一。     

阈值期和阈值前期早产儿视网膜病变的远期视网膜电图特征

目的 观察阈值期和阈值前期早产儿视网膜病变（ROP）的远期视网膜电图特征。方法 诊断为阈值期或阈值前期ROP的24例患儿48只眼（ROP组）纳入研究。选择出生年龄、体重与之匹配的未发生ROP的早产儿10例20只眼为对照组。经过湖南省儿童医院医学伦理委员会批准并取得所有受检者父母的知情同意后,所有受检儿行全视野闪光视网膜电图（F-ERG）检查,记录视杆反应、最大混合反应以及视锥反应。结果 与对照组比较,ROP组患儿的视杆反应b波潜伏期明显延长,差异有统计学意义（t=5.643,P＜0.05）;振幅明显降低,差异也有统计学意义（t=7.068,P＜0.05）。与对照组比较,ROP组患儿的最大混合反应a、b波潜伏期均延长,差异有统计学意义（t=3.099、2.886,P＜0.05）;振幅均降低,差异也有统计学意义（t=5.614、2.850,P＜0.05）。与对照组比较,ROP组患儿的视锥细胞反应a、b波潜伏期（t=0.819、0.948）及振幅（t=0.904、0.850）无明显变化,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 阈值期和阈值前期ROP患儿远期视网膜视杆反应b波及最大混合反应a、b波潜伏期延长,振幅降低;视锥反应a、b波无明显变化。     

视网膜电图在早产儿视网膜病变激光术后视网膜功能评价中的应用

目的 应用视网膜电图(electroretinogram,ERG)评价早产儿视网膜病变(retinopathyofpremature,ROP)激光术后视网膜功能的变化。方法 选取2011年1月至2012年12月在我院行激光光凝术的ROP患儿30例(60眼)为观察组,另选取同期视网膜发育正常的健康早产儿30例(60眼)为对照组,记录激光术后6个月的暗适应与明适应ERG,并对两组结果进行统计比较。结果 观察组视杆反应b波振幅为(131.47±36.20)μV,对照组为(149.33±40.14)μV,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组最大混合反应a波、b波振幅分别为(96.52±23.71)μV、(222.76±53.44)μV,对照组分别为(109.85±23.17)μV、(26044±52.28)μV,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05);观察组振荡电位峰值为(37.71±22.23)μV,对照组为(49.70±32.24)μV,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组视杆反应b波及最大混合反应a波、b波潜伏期与对照组差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。观察组视锥反应a波、b波振幅与对照组差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05),观察组视锥反应a波、b波潜伏期与对照组差异也均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。结论 经过激光光凝术治疗,ROP患儿视网膜视锥细胞功能发育与正常早产儿没有差别,而视杆细胞功能发育略差。     

正常早产儿与足月儿视网膜电图特征分析

目的了解正常早产儿与足月儿视网膜功能发育的特点。方法选取健康无眼病出生孕周小于37周的早产儿组63例(126只眼),其中孕周小于34周(含34周)早产儿1组28例(56只眼)和出生孕周大于34周早产儿2组35例(70只眼),足月组30例(60只眼)在出生后4～6周进行闪光视网膜电图(ERG)检测,记录视杆细胞反应、视锥细胞反应及最大混合反应。对比分析三组婴儿的ERG的a、b波反应的潜伏期、振幅。结果与足月组婴儿比较,早产组在视杆反应、最大混合反应、视锥反应中b波的潜伏期延长,幅值降低,差异有统计学意义(P=0.044,P=0.030,P=0.001,P=0.025,P=0.040,P=0.024),而a波除了在混合反应中的幅值差异有统计学意义外(P=0.012),其余潜伏期与幅值在视杆反应、最大混合反应、视锥反应中差异均无统计学意义(P=0.100,P=0.186,P=0.379,P=0.861,P=0.059)。而2组早产儿之间,早产1组视杆细胞反应、最大混合反应、视锥细胞反应a波、b波潜伏期较早产儿2组轻度延长,幅值轻度降低,但差异均无统计学意义(P=0.637,P=0.619,P=0.706,P=0.141,P=0.098,P=0.782;(P=0.635,P=0.059,P=0.125,P=0.606,P=0.348,P=0.634)。结论确定了正常足月儿和早产儿1个月龄时F-ERG的3个标准反应的正常值,并比较了各反应值与孕周的关系,发现早产儿视网膜发育程度较足月产婴儿稍低,且出生孕周越低,视网膜的发育程度越差。     

早产儿和足月产婴儿视网膜电图比较

目的了解早产儿视网膜功能发育程度。方法选取健康无眼病早产儿和足月产婴儿各25例进行闪光视网膜电图(ERG)检测，记录视杆细胞反应、视锥细胞反应及最大混合反应。对比分析两组婴儿的ERG各波反应的潜伏期、振幅以及最大反应b／a波振幅比值。结果与足月产婴儿比较，早产儿视杆细胞反应潜伏期延长（t=11.007，P=0.000），差异具有统计学意义，而振幅没有明显改变（t=1.836，P=0.069）；最大反应a、b波潜伏期延长(t=2.44，P=0.010;t=10.800，P=0.000)，而振幅降低(t=5.804，P=0.000; t=5.809，P=0.000)，差异具有统计学意义。两组婴儿视锥细胞反应除b波振幅无明显差异外（t=0.486，P=0.628），a波潜伏期（t=4.444，P=0.000）和振幅（t=3.819，P=0.000）及b波潜伏期（t=2.850，P=0.005）差异具有统计学意义。两组间最大混合反应的b／a波振幅比值没有明显差异（t=1.142，P=0.256）。结论早产儿视网膜发育程度较足月产婴儿稍低。(中华眼底病杂志,2005,21:285-287)     

早产儿健康眼出生时视网膜电图特点

目的 了解早产儿出生时视网膜功能发育程度，比较早产儿和足月 产婴儿出生时视 网膜功能发育的异同。 方法 健康无眼病的早产儿10例10只眼和足月产 婴儿20例20只眼，随 机选取1只眼在出生后1周内进行闪光视网膜电图（FERG）检测，记录视杆细胞反应、视锥细 胞反应、最大混合反应，振荡电位（OPs）及30 Hz闪烁光反应。 结果 与足月产 婴儿比较，早产儿出生时视杆细胞反应潜伏期明显延长 (t=3.216，P=0.003)，振幅明显降低(t=6.050，P=0.000），差异有统计学意义；最大反应a、b波潜伏期差异无 统计学意义(t=0.465，P=0.650；t=1.068，P=0.295)，而振幅降低(t=6.584，P=0.000；t=6.649，P=0.000)差异有统计学意义。两组婴儿视锥细胞反应a、b波潜伏期 差异无统计学意义(t=0.077，P=0.939；t=0.935，P=0.358)，早产儿组振幅明显降 低(t=3.417，P=0.002；t=6.310，P=0.000)， 差异有统计学意义；两组间30 Hz闪烁光峰值潜伏期差异无统计学意义(t=0.968，P=0.341），早产儿组振幅明显降低（t=3.745，P=0.001），其差异有统计学意义。 两组间最大混合反应的b／a波振幅比值差异无统计学意义(t=0.215，P=0.831)。 结论 出生时早产儿视网膜的发育程度低于足月产婴儿。     

视网膜脱离复位后的视网膜电流图分析

目的 应用视网膜电流图（ERG）了解孔源性视网膜脱离（RD）复位术后的视功能状态。方法 选择孔源性RD患者73例（73只眼），均进行单次巩膜扣带术，术前及术后不同时期分别检测ERG，随访1－5月。结果 视网膜脱离后，ERG各指标振幅明显下降，潜伏期延迟。手术后1月，ERG的a波、b波振幅较术前明显回升，潜伏期在术后均延迟。随复位时间的延长，振幅无明显变化，潜伏期有缩短趋势。视网膜脱离复位后，最大反应振幅b/a比值呈增加趋势。术后1月，暗视视杆细胞反应振幅可恢复至对照组的58.11%，30Hz闪烁光反应的振幅则恢复至对照组的45．89％。结论 视网膜脱离复位后视功能在1－2月内恢复最快且程度较大，视网膜内核层的恢复较光感受器层迅速，视杆系统较视锥系统恢复迅速且较完全，但随复位时间的延长增进缓慢。ERG的不完全的恢复表明视网膜仍存在不可逆的损害。     

早产儿视网膜功能的全视野闪光视网膜电图检查

目的 观察早产儿视网膜功能变化特征。方法 对78例4～5个月婴儿在口服镇静 剂熟睡后进行全视野闪光视网膜电图（ERG)检查，测量各项反应的a波和b波的振幅和隐含期 ，以评价未成熟儿的视网膜功能。78例156只眼中，健康足月产儿33例66只眼，健康早产儿2 5例50只眼，早产儿视网膜病变（ROP）患儿20例40只眼。结果 所有足 月产儿和健康早产儿 都可以记录到明显的ERG波形。足月产儿的标准混合反应b波振幅为388.7 μV，健康早产儿 的标准混合反应b波振幅为336.7 μV，分别为正常成人混合反应b波振幅的64.4％和55.6 ％。ROP患儿中，20只眼记录不到波形，其余20只眼的标准混合反应b波振幅为183.8 μV，和足月产儿相比，隐含期也显著延迟。健康早产儿的ERG振幅较足月产儿 轻度降低， 差异有统计学意义。结论 出生后视网膜还处于不断成熟发育过程中， 健康足月产儿的ER G尚未达到正常成人的水平；早产儿视网膜发育程度较足月儿慢，不论是健康早产儿还是ROP 患儿，其ERG均不及健康足月产儿。因此ERG检查是评价早产儿视网膜功能的有效方法。     

溶血卵磷脂酰基转移酶1自发突变小鼠视网膜组织和闪光视网膜电图改变

目的 观察溶血卵磷脂酰基转移酶1（LPCAT1）自发突变小鼠视网膜组织和闪光视网膜电图（F-ERG）改变情况。方法 Lpcat1基因自发突变纯合子的rd11新生小鼠60只（实验组）和与之同龄的野生型C57BL/6J小鼠60只（对照组）纳入实验。采用免疫荧光法检测两组小鼠视网膜组织中LPCAT1的表达情况。出生后3、6、9 d和2、4、6、8周,行视网膜石蜡切片观察视网膜显微结构;行全视野F-ERG检测,记录暗视杆体反应和明视锥体反应。结果 实验组小鼠视网膜组织中LPCAT1呈阴性表达;对照组小鼠视网膜组织中LPCAT1呈阳性表达,主要分布于视网膜光感受器内节,神经节细胞层可见少量表达。光学显微镜观察发现,实验组小鼠于出生后9 d左右视网膜外核层已基本形成,其光感受器细胞核层数随年龄增长而逐渐减少。对照组小鼠视网膜显微结构正常。F-ERG检测结果 显示,实验组小鼠出生后2、4周暗视杆体系统反应存在,呈降低趋势,出生后6~8周暗视杆体系统反应消失;对照组小鼠各时间点暗视杆体系统反应正常。出生后2周,实验组和对照组小鼠b波振幅分别为（72.8±15.6）、（105.2±21.1） μV,实验组较对照组降低,但差异无统计学意义（t=-2.760,P=0.025）。出生后4周,实验组和对照组小鼠b波振幅分别为（20.6±6.4）、（231.8±32.0） μV,实验组较对照组明显降低,差异有统计学意义（t=-14.471,P=0.000）。实验组小鼠出生后2、4、6周明视锥体系统反应存在,呈降低趋势,出生后8周明视锥体系统反应消失;对照组小鼠各时间点明视锥体系统反应正常。出生后2、4周,实验组小鼠b波振幅分别为（46.8±7.2）、（78.0±8.2） μV;对照组小鼠b波振幅分别为（42.8±6.4）、（91.4±9.4） μV。两组比较,差异均无统计学意义（t=0.930、-2.401,P=0.379、0.043）。出生后6周,实验组和对照组小鼠b波振幅分别为（17.2±2.0）、（116.2±12.9） μV,实验组较对照组明显降低,差异有统计学意义（t=-17.008,P=0.000）。结论 LPCAT1自发突变小鼠视网膜外层光感受器细胞核层数随年龄增长而逐渐减少,F-ERG暗视杆体和明视锥体反应异常。     

北京早产儿视网膜病变筛查和高危因素分析

目的 了解我国早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)防治指南出台后，北京新 生儿监护病房(NICU)中ROP的 发病率和全身高危因素。方法 对2005年1月1日至2005年12月31日在北 京六家医院NICU 住院的胎龄≤34周或体重≤2000 g的早产儿进行ROP筛查,同时对其全身的情况进行记录 ，分析ROP发生的相关因素。结果 六家医院NICU符合筛查标准 并完成ROP筛查的患 儿639例中，发现ROP患儿69例，占10.8％。69例ROP患儿中，达到阈值或阈值前病变1型需要 进行眼底激光光凝治疗者23例39只眼，占3.6％。ROP发生的相关因素分析发现，出生体重越 低，出生孕周越小，ROP发病率越高。相关因素的Logistic回归分析结果表明，低出生体重 、贫血、呼吸暂停>20 s、缺血缺氧脑病和胎盘早剥是ROP形成的高危因素。结论 ROP防治指 南出台后，北京NICU中ROP发生率10.8%。低出生体重、贫血、呼吸暂停>20s，缺血缺氧脑 病和胎盘早剥是ROP形成的高危因素。     

Development of scotopic visual thresholds in retinopathy of prematurity

PURPOSE: To test the hypothesis that the late-maturing parafoveal rod photoreceptors are more vulnerable than peripheral rods to the effects of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). METHODS: Twenty-four infants with a history of preterm birth (gestational age at birth 相似文献   

A small foveal avascular zone may be an historic mark of prematurity.

OBJECTIVE: To compare in children the area and diameter of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) of former preterm infants, when no significant retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) developed, to the area and diameter of the FAZ of former term infants. DESIGN: Retrospective observational case series and literature review. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-nine children (39 former preterm infants and 10 former term infants) between the ages of 1 and 17 years had fluorescein angiograms. All of these children had been appropriate weight for gestational age at birth and had no genetic disorders. Neither eye of any of these children had any macular ectopia or vessel traction, had been treated for active ROP, had developed active ROP >stage 3 mild, or had any refractive error > +/- five diopters. Every child had a visual acuity of 20/40 or better in both eyes. METHODS: The area and greatest diameter of the FAZ were measured using digital image analysis of masked fundus fluorescein angiograms. Variables of gender, race, multiple birth, gestational age, birth weight, ROP stage, age, and refraction at the time of fluorescein angiography, and final visual acuity were recorded. RESULTS: Increasing FAZ area and greatest diameter correlated significantly with increasing gestational age and birth weight: FAZ area (microm2) versus gestational age (weeks) (R/F/P = 0.88/166.70/<0.0001); FAZ greatest diameter (microm) versus gestational age (weeks) (R/F/P = 0.87/151.10/<0.0001); FAZ area (micro/m2) versus birth weight (g) (R/F/P = 0.88/167.06/<0.0001); and FAZ greatest diameter (microm) versus birth weight (g) (R/F/P = 0.87/148.74/ <0.0001). A small or absent FAZ was found in all former preterm infants who had been < or = 30 weeks gestational age or had weighed < or = 1100 g at birth. A normal FAZ was present in all children who had been > or = 36 weeks gestational age or had weighed > or = 2650 g at birth. None of the other parameters studied correlated with FAZ area or greatest diameter. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence that the FAZ in developing humans is initially densely vascularized with a fine meshwork of inner retinal vessels during vasculogenesis. This vascular meshwork undergoes regression by apoptosis in all infants > or = 36 weeks gestational age at birth to form a normal FAZ, but apoptosis almost never occurs in preterm infants < or = 30 weeks gestational age at birth. Although there is no effect on final visual acuity, a small or absent FAZ may be an historic mark of prematurity.     

Retinopathy of prematurity. Results of fundus examination performed in 94 preterm infants

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence and severity of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in infants of birth weight less than 1.500 g and/or under 32 weeks'gestation. METHODS: Ninety-four preterm infants were examined following the Royal College of Ophthalmologists guidelines and retinopathy was graded using the International Classification of ROP. Screening limits were 1 500 g birth weight or 32 weeks'gestational age. Fundus examinations for ROP were performed at 5 weeks'chronological age from birth. Pupil dilation was obtained with instillation of 1% tropicamide three times at 15-minute intervals. RESULTS: The 94 infants examined for ROP had a median gestational age of 292.3 weeks and a median birth weight of 1 110340 g. ROP was diagnosed in 21 of 94 subjects (22.3%) by fundus examination. ROP stage 3 developed in one preterm infant, ROP stage 2 developed in five preterm infants, and ROP stage 1 developed in 15 preterm infants. No premature babies developed stage 4 or stage 5 ROP. The disease regressed spontaneously in all cases and none of the infants required cryo/laser therapy. In the most premature infants, 23-26 weeks'gestation, 57% developed ROP and one developed severe ROP (stage 3). No disease more posterior to peripheral zone 2 was observed. The incidence of ROP was higher in infants exposed to greater than 21% oxygen (24.2%) than in infants who did not receive oxygen (17.8%). Oxygen, blood transfusion, and cardiopathy appear to be associated with an increased incidence of retinopathy of prematurity. CONCLUSIONS: ROP continues to be a common problem associated with prematurity in France. This study found a similar incidence of prethreshold ROP when compared to recent studies. The data showed that blood transfusion and cardiopathy may play a role in the development of ROP in premature infants.     

Clinical aspects of retinopathy of prematurity. Results following diode laser coagulation

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) represents a disease of the immature retina of preterm infants due to irregular vascularisation. The present article gives information about different parameters of the newborns (gestational age, birth weight, need of oxygen, stage of ROP) and shows the results concerning anatomical and functional aspects following diode laser treatment in 61 prematurely born babies, diagnosed and treated in a period of 5S years in the Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilians University. The mean +/- SD gestational age was 24.9 (+/- 1.59) weeks, the mean +/- SD birth weight was 683 (+/- 174) grams. Diode laser treatment was performed at a mean +/- SD age of 36.14 (+/- 2.04) weeks. Stage 3 retinopathy with "plus disease" was diagnosed in 95.5 % of the infants. In comparison to term born babies or preterm infants without ROP, the diode laser-treated newborns showed a higher incidence of myopia (59 %). An unfavourable outcome in term of the anatomic situation was seen in 9.8 % of these babies.     

泰州市早产儿视网膜病变筛查结果分析

目的了解泰州市早产儿视网膜病变（ROP）的患病情况并分析与ROP相关的高危因素。方法收集泰州市2008年3月至2011年3月286例（572只眼）早产儿和低体重儿ROP筛查资料进行回顾性分析。结果 286例（572只眼）早产儿和低体重儿中,共筛查出36例（72只眼）患有不同程度的ROP,ROP检出率约为12.6%,所有患儿均为双眼患病,其中包括ROP 1期12例（24只眼）,ROP 2期14例（28只眼）,ROP 3期4例（8只眼）,ROP4期2例（4只眼）,AP-ROP 1例（2只眼）,ROP 5期3例（6只眼）,提示早产、低出生体重、缺血和缺氧性脑病、胎盘早剥等影响胎儿发育的相对缺氧因素与ROP的发生密切相关。结论早产、低出生体重及相对缺氧因素是ROP发生的高危因素,早筛查、早发现、早治疗是预防ROP致盲的关键。     

A comparison of macular structure imaged by optical coherence tomography in preterm and full-term children

PURPOSE: Macular anatomic abnormalities were examined by optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging in premature children and compared with those of full-term children. METHODS: In a prospective case-control study, premature patients 7 to 14 years of age were divided into three groups (group I, laser-treated retinopathy of prematurity [ROP]; group II, spontaneously regressed ROP; group III, no ROP), and age-matched children (group IV). All the eligible 74 eyes had normal-appearing posterior pole, myopia < or =3 D, and best corrected visual acuity 1.0. When both eyes of a subject were eligible for the study, one eye was randomly selected (10 eyes of 10 children in each group). Retinal thicknesses of the macula measured by OCT3 were compared. The correlation between central foveal thickness and prematurity (gestational age at birth < or = 30 weeks; birth weight < or = 1250 g) or ROP was determined. RESULTS: The mean foveal and central retinal thicknesses decreased significantly in group I (laser-treated ROP) and group IV (term birth). Significant differences in central retinal thickness were found between the premature groups and full-term children (Mann-Whitney U test). The cutoff point of central retinal thickness, determined by receiver operating characteristic curve was 209 microm. The general estimating equation model statistics found a significant effect of ROP severity (P = 0.003), P value for the category of prematurity was 0.063. CONCLUSIONS: The central retinal thickness was significantly higher in the preterm groups than in the full-term group. This subtle macular modification may be related mainly to ROP. Prematurity had only a marginally significant role.     

Analysis of retinopathy of prematurity screening in Tianjin, China

AIM: To analyze the findings of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) exam in Tianjin, and study the impact of pulmonary surfactant Curosurf and nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) in ROP. METHODS: A multicenter retrospective review. 2894 preterm infants (1592 males, 1302 females) from several hospitals in Tianjin were screened from January 2009 to December 2013. Demographic information, ophthalmic outcomes and possible systemic risk factors were recorded. Gestation age, birth weight, oxygen supplementation, Curosurf and NCPAP were used to estimate risk factors for ROP. RESULTS: ROP was found in 448 eyes of 224 patients (7.7%). Among which, severe ROP developed in 98 eyes of 49 patients (21.9%). There was significant statistical difference in RDS, NCPAP, and Curosurf usage between control and ROP groups (P=0.000). Multiple logistic regression analyses of ROP indicated that lower birth weight, younger gestational age, and oxygen supplementation were the risk factors leading to ROP. As the usage rate of Curosurf and NCPAP increased year by year, the usage of oxygen supplementation gradually decreased, the incidence of ROP was also on the decline. CONCLUSION: Low birth weight, young gestational age and oxygen supplementation are associated with ROP. The use of Curosurf and NCPAP may be the factor that reduces the occurrence of ROP.     

2009至2013年天津早产儿视网膜病变筛查分析

目的：分析天津地区早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)筛查的结果,研究肺表面活性剂及经鼻连续正压通气(NCPAP)对于ROP的影响。

方法：多中心回顾性研究。2 894例早产儿(1 592 男婴,1 302 女婴)主要来自于天津市几家大型医院,筛查时间从2009-01/2013-12,对人口统计学信息,眼科检查结果和可能的全身危险因素均进行记录。孕周、出生体重、吸氧、肺表面活性剂和NCPAP对ROP的影响进行了评估。

结果：224例448眼患有ROP(7.7%)。其中,49例98眼为严重ROP。在对照组与ROP组之间呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)、NCPAP、肺表面活性剂的应用差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。Logistic回归分析结果表明小孕龄、低出生体质量、吸氧是导致ROP发生的危险因素。随着肺表面活性剂与NCPAP的使用率增加,吸氧率逐渐下降,ROP的发生率也在下降。

结论：低出生体质量、低孕龄、吸氧史与ROP的发生密切相关,肺表面活性剂与NCPAP的使用可能是降低ROP发生的因素。     

山东省济南地区早产儿视网膜病变的筛查结果及相关因素分析

背景早产儿视网膜病变（ROP）威胁早产儿的视功能,在早产儿中进行ROP筛查并早期进行干预对保存患儿的视力有着极其重要的意义。目前相关的筛查工作已相继在中国多个地区开展或完成,但山东省济南地区尚缺乏相关的筛查研究。目的分析山东省济南地区ROP的筛查结果以及相关影响因素。方法采用横断面调查研究设计。对2008年6月至2010年6月在山东省眼科医院眼底病科就诊且来自山东省济南地区的早产儿和低体重儿144例288眼进行筛查。筛查标准参照2004年中国卫生部颁发的ROP筛查标准和国内多中心的筛查结果,纳入对象为出生体重≤2500g或矫正胎龄≤34周的早产儿和低体重儿,ROP分类标准采用ROP国际分类标准。检查前询问、记录受检儿的病史并对全身情况进行评估。对ROP患儿组与眼底正常儿组的平均出生孕周和出生体重、患儿有持续吸氧史者所占比例进行统计学分析。结果本次调查发现,济南地区符合早产儿和低体重儿标准者144例288眼,共筛查出不同程度的ROP患儿15例30眼,其中男8例,女7例;均为双眼患病;ROP检出率为10．42％。ROP患儿出生孕周平均为（30．85±1．79）周;出生体重平均为（1408．89±259．93）g。其中ROP1期者有6例12眼,2期者4例8眼,3期伴附加病变者4例8眼,5期者1例2眼。受检者中129例眼底正常,出生孕周平均为（32．38±1．48）周,出生体重平均为（1763．19±338．62）g。ROP组患儿的出生孕周明显短于眼底正常组,差异有统计学意义（t=3．71,P〈0．01）,ROP组患儿的出生体重明显低于眼底正常组,差异有统计学意义（t=2．88,P〈0．01）。眼底正常组与ROP组有持续吸氧史者所占的比例分别为58．91％和60．00％,差异无统计学意义（P=1．900）。依据中国卫生部的筛查标准所得的ROP检出率为12．93％（15／116）,按山东省的标准检出率为10．42％（15／144）,差异无统计学意义（χ^2=0．398,P=0．528）。结论济南地区ROP检出率与国内其他地区报道的数据较接近。中国卫生部制定的ROP筛查标准适合济南地区的ROP筛查工作。孕周短和出生体重低是导致ROP发生的危险因素。